There is accumulating evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) produce a glycoprotein called glomalin, which has the potential to increase soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage, thereby reducing soil emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. However, other soil microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that interact with AMF could indirectly influence glomalin production. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of AMF and PGPR interactions on glomalin production and identify possible combinations of these organisms that could enhance C and N storage in the rhizosphere. The effects of AMF and PGPR interactions on pea (Pisum sativum L.) growth and correlations between glomalin production and plant growth also were assessed.<p> A series of growth chamber and laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fungal and host plant species on glomalin production by comparing the amounts of glomalin produced by Glomus clarum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae in association with corn (Zea mays L.), in addition to examining differences in the ability of corn, pea, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to support glomalin production by G. intraradices. There were no significant differences in glomalin production [measured in the rhizosphere as Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP)] by the three AMF species, whereas host plant significantly affected glomalin production. Specifically, higher BRSP concentrations were found in the rhizosphere of corn as compared to pea and wheat.<p> Additionally, the effect of long-term storage on the growth promoting traits of the PGPR strains selected; namely, Pseudomonas cepacia R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa R75, P. putida R105, and P. fluorescence R111 were investigated. These bacterial strains previously had been identified as PGPR, but had since undergone approximately twenty years of storage at -80¢ªC; thus, it was necessary to confirm that these strains had retained their plant growth promoting characteristics. Apparently, long-term storage had no significant adverse effect on the PGPR strains as all strains increased the total biomass of wheat significantly and demonstrated antagonism against fungal pathogens.<p> The possibility that spore-associated bacteria (SAB) could influence AMF associations, thereby affecting glomalin production, and subsequent crop yield potential was assessed. This was achieved by first isolating bacteria from disinfested spores of the AMF species and determining their potential as PGPR for wheat. According to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, four genera of bacteria were isolated from AMF spores namely; Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Paenibacillus, of which Bacillus species were the most common SAB. None of these isolates, however, showed growth promoting abilities on wheat.<p> Based on the preliminary findings, the combined effects of the three AMF species and the five PGPR strains were examined on plant growth and glomalin production under gnotobiotic conditions using pea as the host plant. Interactions between G. intraradices and R75, R85, or R105 resulted in increased BRSP concentration in the mycorrhizosphere of pea. Additionally, significant interactions were observed between the AMF species and PGPR strains on BRSP concentration in pea rhizosphere under non-sterile conditions. As observed under sterile conditions, the co-inoculation of pea with G. intraradices and R75 or R85 increased BRSP concentrations in the rhizosphere of pea grown in non-sterile soil, although interaction effects were not significantly different from the control or when G. intraradices was applied alone. Significant AMF and PGPR interactions were observed to affect AMF colonization; however, the combination of these organisms did not significantly affect pea growth, nutrient uptake, and C and N storage in the plant rhizosphere. No correlations were detected between glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), pea growth, nutrient concentrations in the plant tissue, and soil organic C and N content. This study demonstrated that although the potential exists to manipulate certain AMF and PGPR to enhance glomalin production, co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR did not enhance plant growth or C and N storage beyond that achieved by inoculation of either organism.

Syfte: Att undersöka hur läkare och sjuksköterskor arbetar med livsstilsfrågor och livsstilsfor-muläret vid lasarettet i Enköping. Dessutom undersöka vad personalen har för åsikt omlivsstilsformuläret samt om de behöver mer kunskap om livsstilsfrågorna och motiverandesamtal. Metod: En enkät skickades ut till 79 sjuksköterskor och läkare, svarsfrekvens 52 %.Huvudresultat: Alla deltagare tyckte att det var mycket viktigt eller ganska viktigt att frågapatienter om livsstilsfrågor och de områden man frågade mest om var tobak och alkohol.Bland svaren framkom det att de flesta samtalade med en patient som hade ett riskbeteende.De områden deltagarna ville ha mest kunskap i var motiverande samtal och stress. Positivaåsikter som framkom om livsstilsformuläret var att personalen fick en bra överblick av patien-tens levnadsvanor och hade ett bra underlag att samtala om vid mötet med patienten. De nega-tiva aspekterna som framkom var formulärets utformning och svarsalternativ som ansågs varaför komplicerat. Slutsats: Det hälsofrämjande arbetet anses viktigt och det behövs kontin-uerlig utbildning till personalen för att kunna arbeta med dessa frågor med patienterna. Detbehövs även klarare riktlinjer i uppföljningen av patienter med riskbeteende. Livsstilsfor-muläret är ett bra verktyg men det behöver förbättras. / Aim: To study how physicians and nurses work with health promotion at the hospital inEnköping, Sweden. And investigate the staffs’ opinion about the lifestyle questionnaire and ifthey need more education in health promotion or motivational interviewing. Method: Aninquiry was sent to 79 nurses and doctors, with a response rate of 52 %. Primary results:Everyone thought it was important or very important to ask about lifestyle questions werealcohol and tobacco was the most frequently asked questions. Among the answers most ofthem had a conversation with patients who had a risk behavior. The subjects that the staffwanted more knowledge of was motivational interviewing and stress. The positive aspects ofthe questionnaire were that the employees got an overview of the patient ́s health and couldhave a conversation around it. The negative aspect of the questionnaire was the formattingand the complicated answers to choose from. Conclusion: The work with health promotion isimportant and the employees need a continuously updated education to work in a professionalway with the patients. There is also a need to have stricter routines to evaluate the patientswith a risk behavior. The questionnaire is a good tool to work with but it needs improvement.Keywords: Health promoting hospitals (HPH), employees, lifestyle questions, questionnaireof lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to create a model for student learning in knowledge translation and transfer in Ontario. The study was informed by two focus groups, each associated with a student research communications skill development program at the University of Guelph, called Students Promoting Awareness of Research Knowledge (SPARK). One focus group (n=9) consisted of current and former SPARK participants. The second focus group (n=10) consisted of SPARK stakeholders who had variously supported SPARK through projects or benevolence, or had helped administer the program. Based on focus group feedback, a conceptual model was developed showing how SPARK participants translate knowledge from university researchers and transfer it to members of society, various communities (agriculture, health, environment, etc.) and stakeholders including the media, government and industry.

The author’s common interest for healthy employees, brought reasonto study how line managers can manage and develop this withsupport from HR. Previous research highlights that knowledge ofhow health is promoted is missing. Line managers have a key role inworking with contributors´ health. The aim of the study is toinvestigate how managers are working for the well-being ofemployees and which aid dedicated to line managers from the HRfunction, and how support and the work with employees’ health canbe developed. This study also investigates the approach on healthfrom each party. The method consisted of a case study, includingdata collection through depth interview with HR and focus groupinterview with heads of unit. The result of the HR interview showedoverwhelming support in individual conversations, but lack ofresources for the support function. HR requested additional resourcesand more health promotion work instead of rehabilitation. Heads ofunit are working with a wellness initiative for healthy contributors.Development points were found in increased support, developedwellness options, increased participation and performance appraisalswith a focus on the individual’s health status. The findings showthat heads of units are working with participation, attendance andhealth care but want more focus on the individual’s health status. HRneeds resources in order to support the heads of units in their healthcare. A common approach is missing between HR and heads of unitin their work for health promotion. Education, approach and supportshould be developed on the basis of the organization’s overallcontext. / Författarnas gemensamma intresse för välmående medarbetare,väckte grund till att studera hur linjechefer kan hantera ochutveckla detta med stöd från HR. Tidigare forskning belyser attkunskap saknas om hur hälsa främjas. Linjechefer anses ha ennyckelroll i arbetet med välmående medarbetare. Syftet medstudien är att undersöka hur linjechefer arbetar för välmåendemedarbetare samt vilket stöd som tillägnas linjecheferna från HRfunktionen,samt hur stödet och hälsoarbetet kan utvecklas.Slutligen önskas utläsa vilket synsätt som präglar parternashälsoarbete. Metoden utgjordes av en fallstudie, innefattandedatainsamling genom djupintervju med HR, ochfokusgruppintervju med enhetschefer. Resultatet från HRintervjunpåvisade att HR ger starkt stöd främst i enskilda samtaloch att resurserna för stödfunktionen är bristande. HR önskadeytterligare resurser och ett mer hälsofrämjande arbete istället förett rehabiliteringsinriktat. Enhetscheferna arbetar med enfriskvårdssatsning för välmående medarbetare.Utvecklingspunkter återfanns i ökat kommunövergripande stöd,utvecklade och medarbetarledda friskvårdsalternativ, ökatdeltagande från medarbetare samt medarbetarsamtal med fokus påindividens hälsa. Slutsatserna visar att enhetscheferna arbetarmed delaktighet, närvaro och friskvård men vill ha mer fokus påindividens behov. HR behöver ökade resurser för att stödjaenhetscheferna i hälsoarbetet. Gemensamt synsätt saknas mellanHR och enhetscheferna i hälsoarbetet. Utbildning, synsätt ochstöd bör utvecklas övergripande utifrån organisationens kontext.

Bakgrund. Hälsosamma levnadsvanor förebygger uppkomsten och är grundläggande i behandlingen av högt blodtryck. Sjuksköterskors samtal om levnadsvanor är viktiga för att stödja patienterna att förändra ohälsosamma levnadsvanor.  Syfte. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga i vilken omfattning sjuksköterskor frågar om levnadsvanor och hur de arbetar med detta i hälsofrämjande samtal i samband med blodtryckskontroller. Dessutom har studien särskilt fokus på att också beskriva samband mellan fortbildning och sjuksköterskornas tillämpning av sådana samtal. Metod. En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkäter utfördes. Resultat. I samtalen frågar sjuksköterskor i lägre omfattning om patienternas alkohol- och saltintag jämfört med övriga levnadsvanor. Det vanligaste sättet att tillämpa samtalen på är genom att ge enkla råd till dessa patienter. I tre av sex förekommande levnadsvanor finns det ett samband mellan fortbildning i samtalsmetodik och högt blodtryck, och mer avancerade samtal.  Slutsats. Tid, arbetssätt och fortbildning tycks vara faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors samtal om levnadsvanor i positiv riktning. / Background. A healthy lifestyle prevents rise of hypertension and is fundamental for the treatment of the condition. Patient-nurse conversations on lifestyle are important to support patient lifestyle change. Aim. The aim of the study is to map to what degree nurses are asking about lifestyle habits and how they work with this in health-promoting dialogues in conjunction with blood pressure controls. In addition, the study has a particular focus on describing the relationship between nurses in-service training and the application of such dialogues. Method. A quantitative, cross-sectional study by questionnaire was performed. Result. Nurses are asking about patients' intake of alcohol and salt to a lower degree than for other lifestyle habits. Short advice is the most common type of dialogue with patients. For three out of the six lifestyle habits a correlation between degree of education and more elaborate dialogue was identified. Conclusion. Time, mode of work and degree of education seem to affect nurses' conversations about patient lifestyle positively.

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to describe relationships among three spiritually-related variables (psychosocial self-transcendence, spiritual self-transcendence, and religious self-transcendence), and two health-related variables: illness distress (as an indicator of emotional well-being), and health-promoting behaviors in African American women diagnosed with breast cancer. A secondary purpose was to describe spiritually-related perspectives and behaviors reported by these women in reference to minimizing their illness distress and supporting healthy behaviors during their breast cancer trajectory. A convenience sample of 537 women with breast cancer completed an electronic survey. In Qualtrics, an on-line survey tool, six questionnaires: Demographic and Health-Related Questionnaire, Reed's (1991) Self-Transcendence Scale, Reed's (1986) Spiritual Perspective Scale, Spiritual–Religious Practices Scale, Distress Scale, and Walker's (1987) Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, were formatted to measure each of the variables stated in the research questions. In addition, a subgroup of 10 women were interviewed by phone to obtain a more in-depth understanding of the relevance of spiritually-related factors in African American women coping with breast cancer. Results of the study revealed several significant positive relationships between the independent and dependent variables. All three self-transcendence variables and many of the demographic and health related variables were found to be significant in explaining illness distress and the level of engagement in health promoting behaviors. In addition, the results of this study will contribute to better understanding of how spiritually-related variables and selected demographics may be relevant in helping African American breast cancer survivors reduce illness distress and modify health behaviors. Results from telephone interviews provide relevant data related to self-transcendence, illness distress, and level of engagement in health promoting behaviors.

Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes in Mexican American adolescents living along the United States (US)-Mexico border are linked to genetics, poverty, developmental characteristics, and psychological attributes. Understanding relationships among psychological attributes, health promoting behaviors (HPB) and IR markers addresses gaps in health promotion science that test relationships between lifestyle and biological outcomes.Hendricks' Perceptual Health Promotion Determinants Model provided theoretical underpinnings. The aims were to test the predictive ability of HPB and IR using psychological attributes (self-esteem, self-efficacy, and hope). Biological markers for IR included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Homeostasis Mathematical Assessment Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).Forty five Mexican American adolescents (62% female; 16.4 [&plusmn;1.27] mean years) participated. The majority (60%) were obese (BMI &ge; 95th percentile) with 40% overweight (BMI &ge; 85th percentile), 45% with WC &ge; 95th percentile, and 76% with HOMA-IR &ge; 3.16.With self-efficacy for physical activity, 38% (R<super>2<super> = 0.3771; F = 8.27, df = 3; p < 0.002) of variance in HPB was explained by hope. With self-efficacy for nutrition fats/sodium, 44% (R<super>2<super> = 0.4382; F = 10.66; df = 3; p < .0001) of variance in HPB was explained by self-efficacy for nutrition fats/sodium and hope. With self-efficacy for nutrition fruits/vegetables, 49% (R<super>2<super> = 0.4894; F = 13.10; df = 3; p <.0001) of variance in HPB was explained by self-efficacy for nutrition fruits/vegetables and hope.Additionally, with IR reflected as WC, 21% (R<super>2<super> = 0.2129; F = 2.71; df = 4; p = 0.0437) of variance was explained by self-esteem and self-efficacy for physical activity. With IR reflected as HOMA-IR, 22% (R<super>2<super> = 0.2214; F = 2.84; df = 4; p = 0.0364) of variance was explained by self-efficacy for physical activity and 23% (R<super>2<super> = 0.2254; F = 2.91; df = 4; p = 0.0333) of variance was explained by self-efficacy for nutrition fruits/vegetables. Evidence supports using hope and self-efficacy to test interventions to increase HPB and decrease IR in adolescents residing along the US-Mexico border region.

Seismic data is often irregularly and/or sparsely sampled along spatial coordinates. We show that these acquisition geometries are not necessarily a source of adversity in order to accurately reconstruct adequately-sampled data. We use two examples to illustrate that it may actually be better than equivalent regularly subsampled data. This comment was already made in earlier works by other authors. We explain this behavior by two key observations. Firstly, a noise-free underdetermined problem can be seen as a noisy well-determined problem. Secondly, regularly subsampling creates strong coherent acquisition noise (aliasing) difficult to remove unlike the noise created by irregularly subsampling that is typically weaker and Gaussian-like

In this paper, we present a nonlinear curvelet-based sparsity-promoting formulation for three problems related to seismic noise, namely the ’good’, corresponding to noise generated by random sampling; the ’bad’, corresponding to coherent noise for which (inaccurate) predictions exist and the ’ugly’ for which no predictions exist. We will show that the compressive capabilities of curvelets on seismic data and images can be used to tackle these three categories of noise-related problems.

In this overview of the recent Curvelet Reconstruction with Sparsity-promoting Inversion (CRSI) method, we present our latest 2-D and 3-D interpolation results on both synthetic and real datasets. We compare these results to interpolated data using other existing methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges related to sparsity-promoting solvers for the large-scale problems the industry faces.