Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel Messias Alves de Souza.pdf: 895956 bytes, checksum: fed88d881d4bcb6df7531090e99a8528 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A saúde da criança em idade pré-escolar, no sertão pernambucano, compõe um quadro crítico, havendo em Petrolina, PE, Brasil, mais de seis mil e quinhentos menores de cinco anos expostos a doenças, como desnutrição infantil, infecções respiratórias agudas, sarampo, entre outras, que potencializam ambientes desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento infantil, dado o alto índice de pobreza dessas famílias. A maior parte desses problemas poderia ser evitada por ações de promoção de saúde, especialmente no contexto escolar. Com esse enfoque, este trabalho apresenta dois estudos sobre a contextualização, descrição e análise de um programa de educação em saúde, com caráter lúdico, realizado numa creche-escola de Petrolina, PE, identificando os comportamentos de autocuidados dos alunos e as práticas pedagógicas, segundo relatos dos profissionais de ensino. O Estudo 1 apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as experiências do Programa Escolas Promotoras de Saúde na Educação Infantil, publicadas nos últimos cinco anos no Brasil, denotando as dificuldades encontradas no tocante à implementação de Políticas Públicas que efetivamente contribuam para melhorar o ensino da saúde em nosso país. No Estudo 2, o Projeto Esparadrápicos: (re)construindo sua saúde foi analisado com base nas entrevistas de 8 profissionais e da coordenadora da creche-escola, utilizando um protocolo com 30 questões relativas à avaliação dos efeitos do Projeto sobre os comportamentos de autocuidados dos alunos e na prática pedagógica. Os dados foram categorizados segundo o conteúdo das respostas, mostrando a relevante contribuição que ações desenvolvidas com caráter lúdico e sistematizadas oferecem para o processo educacional nas escolas de ensino infantil. Este trabalho apresenta também em anexo um artigo publicado que relata a aplicação do Projeto Esparadrápicos: (re) construindo a sua saúde em 255 alunos de uma creche-escola de Petrolina, PE e um livro, mostrando seu potencial de transferência de conhecimento para a prática profissional, na área de Educação em Saúde / The child/ s health in preschool age is critical in the region from Pernambuco, what means in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, more than six thousand and five hundred children under five years are exposed to diseases, like child malnutrition, acute respiratory infections, measles, among other diseases, that promote unfavourable atmospheres to the children development, due to the high poorness of their families. Most of those problems could be avoided with actions of health promotion, especially at the school. In this way, this work presents three studies about contextualization, description and analysis of an education program in health, with playful character, made in a nursery-school of Petrolina, PE, identifying behaviours of autocares of the students and teaching practices, according to experience reports of the professionals of teaching. The Study 1 presents a systematic review of the literature about the experiences of the Programme Promotorae Health Schools in the Child Education, published in the latest five years in Brazil, showing difficulties found in the implementation of Public Policies that contribute to improve the teaching in our country. In Study 2, Project Esparadrápicos: (re) constructing their health was analyzed based on the interviews of 8 professionals and coordinator of nursery-school, using a protocol with 30 questions concerning the assessment of the effects of the Project on the self-care behaviors of students and teaching practice. The data were categorized according to the content of the answers, showing the significant contribution those actions undertaken with playful and systematized to offer educational process in schools teaching children. This work has also attached an article that reports the application of Project Esparadrápicos: (re) constructing their health by 255 students from a nursery-school Petrolina, PE and a book, showing its their potential to transfer knowledge to practice professional in the area of Health Education

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation proposes to examine the actions of self-promoting and self-referential character undertaken by the television companies inside their own schedule, in order to constitute yours identity and to promote yours image and trademark: in this somewhat circular gear, usually use its communication and discursive device for their own benefit. Thus, the research analyzes, in terms of a discursive semiotics, some of the procedures adopted by the television companies to constitute its identity, to project its image and trademark and to promote the quality of its products, in order to make public viewer loyal. This is a difficult task, especially in the case of affiliated stations that need to develop this promotional process in two directions, not always convergent: the head and its own network. To realize the objectives, the research has as its object of study two sitcoms, The New Program (RGT, 2004) and Off the Air (RBS TV, 2011), whose central theme is exactly the televisual production and television companies backstages. / A presente dissertação propõe-se a examinar as ações de caráter autopromocional e autorreferencial empreendidas pelas emissoras de televisão no interior de sua própria programação, com vistas a constituir sua identidade e promover sua imagem e marca: nessa engrenagem um tanto circular, elas costumam-se utilizar de seu dispositivo comunicativo e discursivo em benefício próprio. Assim, a pesquisa analisa, na perspectiva de uma semiótica discursiva, alguns dos procedimentos adotados pelas empresas de televisão para construir sua identidade, projetar sua imagem e marca, e divulgar a qualidade de seus produtos, com vistas a fidelizar o público telespectador. Trata-se de uma tarefa difícil, principalmente no caso das emissoras afiliadas que precisam desenvolver esse processo promocional em duas direções, nem sempre convergentes: a da cabeça de rede e a sua própria. Para dar conta dos objetivos, a investigação toma como objeto de estudo dois sitcoms, o Programa novo (RGT, 2004) e Fora do ar (RBS TV, 2011), cuja temática central é exatamente a produção televisual e os bastidores das emissoras de televisão.

Abstract My aim was to study gendered structures and processes and the challenges arising from them in primary teacher education. The topic was studied from structural and from agency-based and processual perspectives. The special tools used in the analyses consisted of culturally produced differences and asymmetry and the symbolic meanings given to them. The study included historical and contemporary parts. The historical part of the study acquired its focus through the structures of the first Finnish Teacher Seminar and through three annual curricula of primary teacher education in Oulu. Data for the contemporary analyses were collected during a pedagogic development project carried out at the Oulu Department of Teacher Education in the years 1988–1996 The most visible components of the gender system identifiable in the structures of the first Finnish Teacher Seminar were the following: – different aims for personal growth – sex- and grade-based division of prospective teachers: female teachers for girls of all ages and small boys, male teachers for boys aged 10 or more – differences in study subjects; especially in physical education, handicraft and pedagog – everyday chores and pedagogical tasks of the student – moral code and normative contro – different enrolment requirements The sex-related differences in the first curriculum of the Oulu College of Teacher Education were surprisingly similar to the differences seen in the first Finnish Teacher Seminar. The academic curricula proved to be ostensibly gender-neutral. But the research findings showed, in accordance with several other research findings, that formal neutrality does not eliminate institutionalised gendered features or gendered perspectives for personal and/or professional development. On the basis of the findings, the following aspects of the gender system and gender contracts in contemporary primary teacher education in Oulu could be identified: – Almost without exception, the students qualifying in the education of the first two forms were female. – Female students qualified in various subjects taught in primary school while male students rather tended to acquire their qualifications according to a more personal orientation. Their special qualifications were mostly physical education and technical work. – There was a tendency among the student teachers to notice boys differently from girls and to experience boys as more challenging, and to – interpret pupils’ school achievements in sex-related ways. This tendency was also shared by te pupils.

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that delays the initiation of anaphase by inhibiting the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) until all kinetochores have achieved bipolar attachment on the mitotic spindle. Mad1-3, Bub1, and Bub3, components of the SAC, are conserved from yeast to humans. These proteins localize to unattached kinetochores, though it is unknown with which kinetochore proteins they interact and how these interactions transduce information about microtubule attachement. Here, purification of the checkpoint proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that Mad1 interacts with the outer kinetochore protein Ndc80 in a SAC, cell cycle, and DNA dependent manner. Ndc80 is thought to mediate attachment of kinetochores to microtubules so the interaction between Mad1 and Ndc80 suggests a mechanism by which cells sense kinetochore-microtubule attachment. The SAC is of special importance in some types of cancer where genetic damage and aneuploidy is correlated with mutated SAC genes. A better understanding of the SAC mechanism will aid in the development of targetted cancer therpeutics.

Människor formar kärleksrelationer på många olika sätt. I dagens samhälle är seriellmonogami normen och det ansedda idealet. Idealiseringen av monogama relationermedför en nedvärdering av icke-monogama relationer och de personer som praktiserar dessa,däribland polyamorösa. Trots detta finns många fördelar med polyamorösa relationerdokumenterade. Våra huvudsakliga syften med den här studien var att få en förståelse förpolyamorösas upplevelser av mononormen samt undersöka vilka relationsfrämjande aspektersom finns i polyamorösa relationer. Vi genomförde tio semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer medpersoner som identifierade sig som polyamorösa. Utifrån denna datainsamling genomförde vitematisk analys. Analysen resulterade i tre större huvudteman: ”minoritetsupplevelser”,”relationsfrämjande aspekter” och ”polypositiva upplevelser”, samt några mindre teman. Vidrog slutsatsen att polyamorösa kan mötas av fördomar och praktiska begränsningar och attmononormen kan bidra till minoritetsstress som hanteras med eller tar sig uttryck iinternaliserade fördomar, skyddsbeteenden och pro-aktiva polynormaliserande handlingar. Vikunde också konstatera att polyrelationer präglas av öppen kommunikation, aktiva uttryck avkärlek och omsorg, villighet till anpassning, polypositiva attityder och en syn på obehagligakänslor som hanterbara. Polyamorösa upplever sina relationer som allmänt positiva medhänsyn till personlig utveckling, livsbejakande och positiva upplevelser avparamourer. Samhället, och speciellt de som arbetar inom människovårdande yrken, bör ta tillsig denna kunskap för att kunna säkerställa ett inkluderande bemötande av polyamorösa. / People form romantic relationships in various ways. In today’s society, serialmonogamy is the norm and the considered ideal relational form. The idealization ofmonogamous relationships implies a disparagement of non-monogamous relationships andthose who practice these, for example polyamorous people. In spite of this, many benefits ofpolyamorous relationships have been documented. Our main aims of this study was to gaininsight of how polyamorous people experience the mononorm, and to examine relationshippromoting aspects of polyamorous relationships. We conducted ten semi-structured telephoneinterviews with people who identified as polyamorous. Based on this collection of data weconducted a thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in three main themes: “minorityexperiences”, “relationship promoting aspects” and “poly-positive experiences”, and someminor themes. We concluded that polyamorous people can face prejudices and practicallimitations and that the mononorm can contribute to minority stress which is coped with orexpressed in internalized prejudices, safeguarding behaviors and poly normalizing actions. Wecould also state that polyamorous relationships are characterized by open communication,active expressions of love and care, willingness to make adjustments, poly-positive attitudesand a view of uncomfortable emotions as manageable. Polyamorous people experience theirrelationships as positive in general, taking into account personal development, life affirmationand positive experiences of paramours. Society, and especially human care professionals,should take this knowledge into consideration to be able to ensure an inclusive treatment ofpolyamorous people.

Salt stress is a severe environmental challenge in agriculture, limiting the quality and productivity of the crops around the globe. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is proposed as a friendly solution to overcome those challenges. The desert plant endophytic bacterium, Enterobacter sp. SA187 has shown plant growth promotion and salt stress tolerance beneficial effect on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro as well as under the field conditions on different crops. SA187 has a distinguished morphology of yellow colonies (SA187Y) that could be due to carotenoid biosynthesis. However, the bacteria tend to lose the yellow color upon incubation with the plants and the colonies turn to white (SA187W). In comparison to SA187Y, SA187W shows 50% reduction on the beneficial impact on A. thaliana fresh and dry weight of root and shoot system. By counting the CFU/plant, we showed that SA187Y and SA187W both have similar colonization rate in both shoots and roots. Under non-salt conditions, optimal bacterial colonization was observed on day 8 after inocubation, however, under the salt stress condition, the optimal colonization was observed at day 4. Moreover, during the time period of the incubation of the SA187Y with the plants, there was a consistent noticeable loss of the yellow color of the colonies. This change in color is only observed eight days after transfer and the number of white colonies increases with the increase of the incubation time. In addition, SA187W was GFP-tagged by Tn7 transposon system and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The SA187W-GFP colonies have shown a similar colonization pattern as SA187Y-GFP, bacteria were colonizing the differentiation zone and cell elongation zone in the roots. Finally, the gene expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathways genes in SA187Y showed an overall higher gene expression compared to SA187W. In conclusion, the color loss seems to affect the beneficial impact of the bacteria on plants. However, the reduced beneficial impact is not due to the colonization efficiency of bacteria on the plant roots but could be due to a regulation of gene expression of carotenoid biosynthesis.

One of the major challenges for agricultural research in the 21st century is to increase crop productivity to meet the growing demand for food and feed. Biotic (e.g. plant pathogens) and abiotic stresses (e.g. soil salinity) have detrimental effects on agricultural productivity, with yield losses being as high as 60% for major crops such as barley, corn, potatoes, sorghum, soybean and wheat, especially in semi-arid regions such as Saudi Arabia. Plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from pioneer desert plants could serve as an eco-friendly, sustainable solution for improving plant growth, stress tolerance and health. In this dissertation, culture-independent amplicon sequencing of bacterial communities revealed how native desert plants influence their surrounding bacterial communities in a phylogeny-dependent manner. By culture-dependent isolation of the plant endosphere compartments and a number of bioassays, more than a hundred bacterial isolates with various biochemical properties, such as nutrient acquisition, hormone production and growth under stress conditions were obtained. From this collection, five phylogenetically diverse bacterial strains were able to promote the growth of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana under salinity stress conditions in a common mechanism of inducing transcriptional changes of tissue-specific ion transporters and lowering Na+/K+ ratios in the shoots. By combining a number of in vitro bioassays, plant phenotyping and volatile-mediated inhibition assays with next-generation sequencing technology, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools, a candidate strain was presented as a multi-stress tolerance promoting bacterium with potential use in agriculture. Since recent research showed the importance of microbial partners for enhancing the growth and health of plants, a review of the different factors influencing plant-associated microbial communities is presented and a framework for the successful application of microbial inoculants in agriculture is proposed. The presented work demonstrates a holistic approach for tackling agricultural challenges using microbial inoculants from desert plants by combining culturomics, phenomics, genomics and transcriptomics. Microbial inoculants are promising tools for studying abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in plants, and they provide an eco-friendly solution for increasing crop yield in arid and semi-arid regions, especially in light of a dramatically growing human population and detrimental effects of global warming and climate change.

Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att genomföra hälsosamtal för barn och ungdomar med övervikt/fetma   Abstrakt  Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor i barnhälsovården (BHV) och elevhälsan har ett viktigt uppdrag med att främja barns hälsa och motverka ohälsa. I Sverige går nästan alla föräldrar på hälsobesöken på BHV, trots detta ökar antalet överviktiga barn varje år. Under de sista 20 åren har antalet barn med övervikt i Sverige procentuellt fördubblats och antalet barn med fetma femdubblats.  Motiv: Idag finns få studier som berör sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att ta upp övervikt/fetma med vårdnadshavare och deras eventuella motstånd till ämnet. Studien beskriver hur sjuksköterskor går tillväga för att lyfta ämnet kring övervikt även om motstånd finns hos vårdnadshavaren.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att genomföra hälsofrämjande samtal för barn och ungdomar med övervikt/fetma.   Metod: En kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats användes. Enkät med fritextsvar skickades ut till sjuksköterskor inom barnhälsovården/elevhälsan på olika geografiska platser i Sverige. Studien genomfördes våren 2022.   Resultat: Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor upplever svårigheter att lyfta ämnet i ett hälsofrämjande samtal. Orsakerna är flera, rädsla för att kränka, brist på tid, skapa komplex, samt oförstående eller defensiva föräldrar är några exempel. Det framkom att det saknas nationella riktlinjer för hur sjuksköterskor ska gå tillväga i de fall när vårdnadshavare/elever tackar nej till behandling vid övervikt/fetma. Resultatet visar även på möjligheter i samtalen. Till exempel kan motiverande samtal, bilder, skapa relationer samt att ge tid och att lyssna underlätta och öka chansen till förändring i samtalen. Konklusion: Slutsatsen av resultatet i studien visar att ny forskning och kunskap behöver nå ut i samhället. Om kunskapen ökar i samhället, kan stigmatiseringen minska och ämnet bli lättare att lyfta. Nationella riktlinjer behövs för att bidra till att barn och ungdomar får jämlik vård. Ytterligare slutsats är att sjuksköterskor behöver mer tid för att skapa bra relation med familjerna och stötta dem i det långsiktiga arbetet. / Nurses' experiences of conducting health interviews aimed at overweight / obese children and adolescents   Abstract  Background: Nurses in child health care (BHV) and student health have an important task in promoting children's health and counteracting ill health. In Sweden, almost all parents go on health visits to BHV, despite this, the number of overweight children increases every year. During the last 20 years, the number of overweight children in Sweden has doubled in percentage terms and the number of children with obesity has increased fivefold.  Motive: Today there are few studies that concern nurses' experiences of addressing overweight / obesity with guardians and their possible resistance to the subject. The study describes how nurses go about daring to raise the issue of obesity even if there is resistance among guardians.  Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences of conducting health-promoting conversations for children and adolescents with overweight / obesity.  Method: A qualitative design with an inductive approach was used. A questionnaire with free text answers was sent out to nurses in child health care / student health in different geographical locations in Sweden. The study was conducted in the spring of 2022.  Results: The results show that nurses experience difficulties in raising the issue in a health-promoting conversation. The reasons are several, fear of offending, lack of time, creating complexes, as well as incomprehensible or defensive parents are some examples. It emerged that there are no national guidelines for how nurses should proceed in cases where guardians / students refuse treatment for overweight / obesity. The results also show opportunities in the conversations to facilitate change, such as motivational conversations, pictures, creating relationships and giving time and listening.  Conclusion: The conclusion of the result of the study shows that new research and knowledge need to reach out to society. If knowledge increases in society, the stigma can decrease and the subject can become easier to lift. National guidelines are needed to help children and young people receive equal care. A further conclusion is that nurses need more time to create a good relationship with the families and support them in their long-term work.

In previous research it has been concluded that mathematical texts more often than not test a students reading comprehension rather than their mathematical knowledge. It has also been concluded that in order to promote language learning in the mathematics classroom the teacher has a great responsibility to not only make the oftentimes abstract mathematical key concepts clear and understandable but also the concepts, methods, calculations and operational rules. In order to do so teachers must be well equipped to teach and to keep the right focus when working with concretion such as supporting images or practical mathematics such as the use of manipulatives in the classroom. My study was aimed at further researching what learning activities are being used in the classroom to promote mathematical language development which is a fundamental part of the mathematics syllabus and how its being described in the view of teachers and of students alike. My study was also aimed at looking at the relation between the learning activities that are being used to promote language skills in the Swedish language classroom. I chose to do individual interviews of teachers, group interviews of students as well as a classroom observation. My theoretical foundation was a sociocultural perspective. The results of my study show that the verbal interaction between students and teachers or students and other students played an integral part in most learning activities. It was also in this interaction that most of the formative assessments were taking place. Furthermore the results showed that those students whose aim was to find mathematical connections and seeing how different mathematical concepts interact with each other had come farther in developing generalizable skills rather than the students whose focus was to understand key concepts.

Background: Despite the importance of vaccination in disease prevention some people choose to remain unvaccinated. Nurses are influential in the choice to vaccinate. Considering the possibility of poor public understanding of vaccines and need for continued improvement in vaccination rates, it is essential for nurses to be knowledgeable and adept at addressing vaccine concerns. Vaccination education formally begins in nursing school. Objective: To identify nursing students' vaccine understanding by exploring information learned from formal online vaccine education specifically the Nursing Initiative Promoting Immunization Training Modules (NIP-IT). Design/Setting/Participants/Methods: Nursing students enrolled in a Community Health Nursing course were required to complete three online, self-study, modules entitled Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Vaccine Concerns, and Nursing Roles. The nursing students who completed these modules responded, in writing, to an open-ended prompt asking them to identify what new piece of information they learned. Responses gathered from 244 nursing students between September of 2016 and April of 2018 were categorized and grouped according to theme using a first and second cycle coding process. Responses containing more than one idea were considered separate responses and categorized accordingly totaling 273 responses. Results: Nursing student responses revealed five major themes regarding new information learned from the online modules: (1) barriers to vaccination; (2) components of vaccines; (3) the influence of nurses; (4) vaccine-preventable diseases; and (5) community immunity. Conclusion: Formal vaccine education is a critical component of a comprehensive nursing program. The nursing students in this study described information they learned when completing the NIP-IT modules, thus it was inferred the nursing students did not have a full understanding of vaccine concepts prior to viewing the modules. Formal nursing school vaccine education is essential in developing nurses capable of navigating vaccine issues and promoting health and preventing disease through vaccination advocacy.