Le but de ce travail de recherche est, en premier lieu, de définir les fonctionnalités externes et internes aux mathématiques du théorème de Thalès pour savoir, dans un second temps, si elles sont transmises au cours de l'histoire, dans l'enseignement actuel et si elles sont transmissibles dans le cadre d'une ingénierie au niveau collège. Après une étude épistémologique visant à étudier l'évolution du rapport à cet énoncé et des démonstrations associées dans l'histoire depuis l'Antiquité grecque, ont été cernées des difficultés rencontrées par les élèves dans la reconnaissance de configurations géométriques associées à ce théorème et dans son application. Ceci a notamment permis de montrer le rôle joué par les figures archétypes et les figures prototypes liées au théorème de Thalès et les erreurs qui se produisent dès que les figures proposées aux élèves s'en éloignent. En particulier, ces erreurs ont permis de définir des figures pathogènes. Les figures non reconnues, à tort, comme pouvant faire l'objet d'une application du théorème étant qualifiées de pathologiques. L'enseignement actuel de ce théorème a également été analysé et un certain nombre d'insuffisances ont été mises en évidence comme en particulier le faible niveau de problématisation des activités qui sont censées introduire le théorème et l'approche ostensive qui les caractérise. A partir de cet ensemble d'études, une ingénierie didactique a été conçue visant d'une part à motiver l'introduction de ce théorème par des problèmes de calcul de mesures de distances inaccessibles dans le méso-espace et d'autre part à organiser les rapports nécessaires entre le méso-espace et le micro-espace. Cette construction didactique, qui a tenu compte également d'une difficulté essentielle que constitue le passage à des rapports irrationnels, a été expérimentée et progressivement raffinée.

The aim of this study is to develop a more effective translation technique analysis of the Peshitta to Ezekiel text that would contribute to the textual studies of Ezekiel. In order to help provide such an effective analysis on translation technique, the methodology employed is the comparative analysis of texts, which incorporates the theory from Cognitive Semantics called Frame Semantics. This theory views units of meaning in text or speech contexts at the level of semantic frames and is therefore most ideal in view of the idiomatic nature of the Peshitta translation. By applying this theory, the frames in the Hebrew source text of the translator were compared to those in the translator’s target Syriac text, to see whether there were correspondences between the two frames. In chapter 3, the GIVING frames evoked by נתן (nātan) were studied and it was found that most of the frames in the Hebrew text corresponded well with those in the Syriac target text. The exception is mainly those frames in which there might have been textual difficulties in the source text. Similar observations were made in chapter 4 for the ARRIVING frames evoked by the Hebrew verb בוא (bō). However, nouns associated with the frame MISDEEDS presented some problems, mainly as to their use in the Hebrew source text. The use of these nouns could have affected the translator’s understanding of such categories, leading to their inconsistent representation in the target text. Nevertheless, it can be indicated that the translator demonstrated a relatively good understanding of the use of the nouns in the Hebrew text. Overall, the translation of the Peshitta to Ezekiel was made at the approximate level of semantic frames, displaying a translation technique that should be very useful for the textual studies of the Book of Ezekiel. / PhD (Semitic Languages), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The aim of this study is to develop a more effective translation technique analysis of the Peshitta to Ezekiel text that would contribute to the textual studies of Ezekiel. In order to help provide such an effective analysis on translation technique, the methodology employed is the comparative analysis of texts, which incorporates the theory from Cognitive Semantics called Frame Semantics. This theory views units of meaning in text or speech contexts at the level of semantic frames and is therefore most ideal in view of the idiomatic nature of the Peshitta translation. By applying this theory, the frames in the Hebrew source text of the translator were compared to those in the translator’s target Syriac text, to see whether there were correspondences between the two frames. In chapter 3, the GIVING frames evoked by נתן (nātan) were studied and it was found that most of the frames in the Hebrew text corresponded well with those in the Syriac target text. The exception is mainly those frames in which there might have been textual difficulties in the source text. Similar observations were made in chapter 4 for the ARRIVING frames evoked by the Hebrew verb בוא (bō). However, nouns associated with the frame MISDEEDS presented some problems, mainly as to their use in the Hebrew source text. The use of these nouns could have affected the translator’s understanding of such categories, leading to their inconsistent representation in the target text. Nevertheless, it can be indicated that the translator demonstrated a relatively good understanding of the use of the nouns in the Hebrew text. Overall, the translation of the Peshitta to Ezekiel was made at the approximate level of semantic frames, displaying a translation technique that should be very useful for the textual studies of the Book of Ezekiel. / PhD (Semitic Languages), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The theories of social cognition and personal constructs compose the theoretical backdrop to this dissertation which deals with people's expectations regarding romantic partners and relationships.Five women were interviewed and a qualitative analysis undertaken and discussed with a view to elucidating the influence of one's parents, cultural background and individual identity on the development and functioning of expectations. These expectation are based on beliefs about men and relationships in general and about healthy and unhealthy relationships in particular. Attension is given to the role of relationship beliefs and expectations in evaluations of romantic relationships and the consequences of such evaluations for relationship satisfaction and commitment. It is concluded that expectations play an important role in the process of partner and relationship eva,uation and thus, in the outcome of relationships. Parental and cultural influences are found to play an important part in shaping individual values and expetations, albeit in an indirect manner. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Dans le cadre de trois projets européens, notre équipe a mis au point un modèle de données et un langage de requête pour bibliothèques numériques supportant l'identification, la structuration, les métadonnées, la réutilisation, et la découverte des ressources numériques. Le modèle proposé est inspiré par le Web et il est formalisé comme une théorie du premier ordre, dont certains modèles correspondent à la notion de bibliothèque numérique. En outre, une traduction complète du modèle en RDF et du langage de requêtes en SPARQL a également été proposée pour démontrer son adéquation à des applications pratiques. Le choix de RDF est dû au fait qu’il est un langage de représentation généralement accepté dans le cadre des bibliothèques numériques et du Web sémantique. L’objectif de cette thèse était double: concevoir et mettre en œuvre une forme simplifiée de système de gestion de bibliothèques numériques, d’une part, et contribuer à l’enrichissement du modèle, d’autre part. Pour atteindre cet objectif nous avons développé un prototype d’un système de bibliothèque numérique utilisant un stockage RDF pour faciliter la gestion interne des métadonnées. Le prototype permet aux utilisateurs de gérer et d’interroger les métadonnées des ressources numériques ou non-numériques dans le système en utilisant des URIs pour identifier les ressources, un ensemble de prédicats pour la description de ressources, et des requêtes conjonctives simples pour la découverte de connaissances dans le système. Le prototype est mis en œuvre en utilisant les technologies Java et l’environnement de Google Web Toolkit dont l'architecture du système se compose d'une couche de stockage, d’une couche de métier logique, d’une couche de service, et d’une interface utilisateur. Pendant la thèse, le prototype a été construit, testé et débogué localement, puis déployé sur Google App Engine. Dans l’avenir, il peut être étendu pour devenir un système complet de gestion de bibliothèques numériques. Par ailleurs, la thèse présente également notre contribution à la génération de contenu par réutilisation de ressources. Il s’agit d’un travail théorique dont le but est d’enrichir le modèle en lui ajoutant un service important, à savoir la possibilité de création de nouvelles ressources à partir de celles stockées dans le système. L’incorporation de ce service dans le système sera effectuée ultérieurement. / In the context of three European projects, our research team has developed a data model and query language for digital libraries supporting identification, structuring, metadata, and discovery and reuse of digital resources. The model is inspired by the Web and it is formalized as a first-order theory, certain models of which correspond to the notion of digital library. In addition, a full translation of the model to RDF and of the query language to SPARQL has been proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of the model and its suitability for practical applications. The choice of RDF is due to the fact that it is a generally accepted representation language in the context of digital libraries and the Semantic Web. One of the major aims of the thesis was to design and actually implement a simplified form of a digital library management system based on the theoretical model. To obtain this, we have developed a prototype based on RDF and SPARQL, which uses a RDF store to facilitate internal management of metadata. The prototype allows users to manage and query metadata of digital or non-digital resources in the system, using URIs as resource identifiers, a set of predicates to model descriptions of resources, and simple conjunctive queries to discover knowledge in the system. The prototype is implemented by using Java technologies and the Google Web Toolkit framework whose system architecture consists of a storage layer, a business logic layer, a service layer and a user interface. During the thesis work, the prototype was built, tested, and debugged locally and then deployed on Google App Engine. In the future, it will be expanded to become a full fledged digital library management system. Moreover, the thesis also presents our contribution to content generation by reuse. This is mostly theoretical work whose purpose is to enrich the model and query language by providing an important community service. The incorporation of this service in the implemented system is left to future work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaMBV.pdf: 716170 bytes, checksum: b171d43fe0eb6f6301e64e00b9a62b55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-19 / This research aims at investigating the constructions with adverbials in ly, based on the view of contemporaneous linguistic functionalism, such as proposed by Giv?n, Hopper, Thompson, Traugott, Furtado da Cunha, as well as the cognitivist notion of language, through construction grammar support upon the patterns of Goldberg and the prototypes theory. The cognitive functional approach adopted here considers the change as a proper and inherent phenomenon of language and understands the linguistic phenomenon as resulting from effective use of language. Another aspect to be considered to the realization of this study is the fact that the formation adjective + ly is a word construction mechanism really productive, which generates interests on linguistic description. In a particular way, our leading objective is to exam the constructions with adverbials in ly in the context of language in use, in its oral and written forms, looking for to apprehend the meaning multiple manifestations forged in the use. Bearing this in mind, we worked with data from the Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica (Natal). There are, in the data, adverbs ended in ly that take the signification of mode, as foreseen in traditional models, but there are also other significations, for instance, the modalizador in its different manifestations. The results show that this adverb is a linguistic mark that carries in its constitution the multiss?mico and multifunctional character, which interferes extremely in the ordination of this category, assuming a position sometimes pre-verbal, sometimes post-verbal. Other aspect observed refers to the relationship between the adverb and the verb, with emphasis on the compatibility or restriction between them, option which is related to the semantic aspect. The data in analysis legitimate the use in different constructions with adverb ended in ly in various genres, as follows: personal experience narrative, retold narrative, local description, proceeding account, opinion account, both in oral as in written language / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar as constru??es com adverbiais em mente , sob o enfoque do funcionalismo ling??stico contempor?neo, tal como proposto por Giv?n, Hopper, Thompson, Traugott, Furtado da Cunha, bem como sob a no??o cognitivista da linguagem atrav?s do suporte da gram?tica de constru??o nos moldes de Goldberg e a teoria dos prot?tipos. A abordagem cognitivo-funcional aqui adotada considera a mudan?a como fen?meno pr?prio e inerente ?s l?nguas, al?m de entender o fen?meno ling??stico como resultante do uso efetivo da l?ngua. Outro aspecto a considerar para a realiza??o desta pesquisa ? o fato de a forma??o adjetivo + mente ser um mecanismo de constitui??o de palavras bastante produtivo, o que gera interesse na descri??o ling??stica. De forma particular, o objetivo norteador ? examinar as constru??es com adverbiais em mente no contexto da l?ngua em uso, na forma oral e escrita, buscando apreender as m?ltiplas manifesta??es de sentido forjadas no uso. Para este fim, lan?amos m?o de dados provenientes do Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica (Natal). Nos dados encontram-se adv?rbios terminados em mente que assumem a significa??o de modo, como previsto nos moldes tradicionais, mas tamb?m outras significa??es, como por exemplo o modalizador em suas diferentes manifesta??es. Os resultados alcan?ados demonstram que esse adv?rbio ? uma marca ling??stica que carrega em sua constitui??o o car?ter multiss?mico e o multifuncional, o que interfere sobremaneira na ordena??o dessa categoria, assumindo posi??o ora pr?-verbal, ora p?s-verbal. Outro aspecto observado refere-se ao relacionamento do adv?rbio com o verbo, com destaque para a compatibilidade ou a restri??o entre eles, op??o que se vincula ao aspecto sem?ntico. Os dados em an?lise legitimam o uso de diferentes constru??es com adv?rbio terminado em mente em diversos g?neros textuais, quais sejam a narrativa de experi?ncia pessoal, narrativa recontada, descri??o de local, relato de procedimento e relato de opini?o, tanto na l?ngua oral, quanto na escrita

The thesis deals of microprocesor controlled instrument for measuring. In general it is about of controlling instruments and their usage in standard industry. laboratories and measuring systems. The first part contens theoretical knowledge of controlling instrument, his funtions and describes circuitry of sources of AC voltages. This part describes blocks of instrument and basis connecting in system of instrument. Each block is described with examples in praxis. Examples contents typical connecting and their problems out of view in parameters of instrumenr. In this part is whole theory of analysis and practical using separately parts of instrument. Next part is aimed at searching of interrelationship between the teoretical model of source that described by different circuits and practical connections with electronic parts. These part analyse concrete design with exactly sized parameters and connections. In last part contents describing of measuring at prototype. The appendix contains schematics and boards with electronic parts and test reports of measuring output voltage and frequency with required accuracies.

La découverte de motifs est une tâche importante en fouille de données. Cemémoire traite de l’extraction des motifs émergents minimaux. Nous proposons une nouvelleméthode efficace qui permet d’extraire les motifs émergents minimaux sans ou avec contraintede support ; contrairement aux méthodes existantes qui extraient généralement les motifs émergentsminimaux les plus supportés, au risque de passer à côté de motifs très intéressants maispeu supportés par les données. De plus, notre méthode prend en compte l’absence d’attributqui apporte une nouvelle connaissance intéressante.En considérant les règles associées aux motifs émergents avec un support élevé comme desrègles prototypes, on a montré expérimentalement que cet ensemble de règles possède unebonne confiance sur les objets couverts mais malheureusement ne couvre pas une bonne partiedes objets ; ce qui constitue un frein pour leur usage en classification. Nous proposons uneméthode de sélection à base de prototypes qui améliore la couverture de l’ensemble des règlesprototypes sans pour autant dégrader leur confiance. Au vu des résultats encourageants obtenus,nous appliquons cette méthode de sélection sur un jeu de données chimique ayant rapport àl’environnement aquatique : Aquatox. Cela permet ainsi aux chimistes, dans un contexte declassification, de mieux expliquer la classification des molécules, qui sans cette méthode desélection serait prédites par l’usage d’une règle par défaut. / Pattern discovery is an important field of Knowledge Discovery in Databases.This work deals with the extraction of minimal emerging patterns. We propose a new efficientmethod which allows to extract the minimal emerging patterns with or without constraint ofsupport ; unlike existing methods that typically extract the most supported minimal emergentpatterns, at the risk of missing interesting but less supported patterns. Moreover, our methodtakes into account the absence of attribute that brings a new interesting knowledge.Considering the rules associated with emerging patterns highly supported as prototype rules,we have experimentally shown that this set of rules has good confidence on the covered objectsbut unfortunately does not cover a significant part of the objects ; which is a disavadntagefor their use in classification. We propose a prototype-based selection method that improvesthe coverage of the set of the prototype rules without a significative loss on their confidence.We apply our prototype-based selection method to a chemical data relating to the aquaticenvironment : Aquatox. In a classification context, it allows chemists to better explain theclassification of molecules, which, without this method of selection, would be predicted by theuse of a default rule.

Aus der Einführung: "Die Verwendung von Prototypen besitzt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Produktentwicklung und im Designprozess (Camere et al. 2016). Wie Camere und Bordegoni feststellen hat sich der Fokus der Designdisziplin auf Funktionalität um die Aspekte der Usability und der User Experience erweitert. Damit einhergehend hat sich auch die Rolle der Prototypen von Funktionsmustern und Präsentationsobjekten um die Funktionen als Evaluierungs- und Versuchsobjekte ergänzt. Die Integration von Nutzern in den Designprozess ist dabei ein weiterer Punkt bei denen Prototypen ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Kommunikation und kooperativen Arbeit liefert (Schneider 1996). Die Integration von Prototyping-Methoden in den unterschiedlichen Phasen des Designprozesses führt zu unterschiedlichen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Form und Aufgabe der Prototypen. Entsprechend vielfältig sind die heute verwendeten Arten von Prototyping. ..."

Die numerische Simulation ist ein unverzichtbares Werkzeug bei der Produktentwicklung geworden. Bereits in den frühen Phasen von Studien und Konzepten können unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze für eine Aufgabenstellung bewertet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird von virtuellen Prototypen gesprochen. Bei der Simulation mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen erfordert das die Einbindung des Bedieners. Die technologische Leistungsfähigkeit wird wesentlich durch die Interaktion zwischen Bediener und Maschine geprägt. Die Beschreibung des Bedieners durch mathematische Modelle ist bis zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt nicht mit belastbaren Resultaten erfolgt. Die Entwicklungen im Bereich der Simulationstechnologie und der Computergrafik ermöglichen die Durchführung interaktiver Simulationen in komplexen virtuellen Welten. Damit lässt sich der Bediener direkt in die Simulation einbinden und es können zusätzliche Potenziale, wie z. B. bei der Untersuchung der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion erschlossen werden. Durch die interaktive Simulation in Virtual-Reality-Systemen werden neue Anforderungen an die Simulationssoftware gestellt. Zur Interaktion mit dem Bediener müssen die Eingaben aus den Bedienelementen in Echtzeit verarbeitet und audiovisuelle Ausgaben generiert werden. Dabei sind neben den mathematisch-physikalischen Aspekten der Simulation auch Problemfelder wie Synchronisation, Kommunikation, Bussysteme und Computergrafik zu behandeln. Die Anpassung des Simulationssystems an unterschiedliche Aufgabenstellungen erfordert ein flexibel konfigurierbares Softwaresystem. Als Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung wird eine Softwarearchitektur vorgestellt, welche die unterschiedlichen Problemfelder durch klar voneinander abgegrenzte Komponenten mit entsprechenden Schnittstellen behandelt. Das entstandene Softwaresystem ist flexibel und erweiterbar. Die Simulationsaufgabe wird durch die Konfiguration des Komponentensystems spezifiziert. Die entstehenden Konfigurationsdateien bilden die Anwendungslogik ab und stellen daher einen der wesentlichen Kostenfaktoren bei der Realisierung interaktiver Simulationen dar. Zur Erhöhung der Wiederverwendbarkeit bestehender Konfigurationsfragmente wird ein kompositionsbasierter Ansatz auf der Basis von Skriptsprachen gewählt. / Numerical simulation has evolved into an indispensable tool in modern product development. Even in the early design phases of studies and concepts several different approaches for one individual task can be evaluated. In this context the term virtual prototypes can be used. For effective simulation of mobile construction site machinery incorporation of the operator\'s influence is required. The technological performance of the machinery is essentially influenced by the interaction between the operator and the machine. Currently, there are no known mathematical models describing the operator\'s behaviour, which give substantiated results. The latest developments in computing technology and computer graphics facilitate interactive simulations in complex virtual worlds. This allows not only the operator to be linked to the simulation but also the investigation of additional research areas such as human-machine-interaction. The application of interactive simulation in virtual reality systems places new demands on the simulation software. Due to the interaction not only input signals from the instruments have to be processed but also audio and visual output has to be generated in real time. In addition to the mathematical and physical aspects of simulation, problems in the areas of synchronisation, communication, bus systems and computer graphics also have to be solved. The adaption of the simulation system to new tasks requires a flexible and highly configurable software system. As a response to these demands, a software architecture is presented which partitions the various problems into finite components with corresponding interfaces. The partitioning results in a flexible and extendable software system. The simulation task is specified by the configuration of the component system. The resulting configuration files reflect the application logic and therefore represent one of the main cost factors in the realisation of the interactive simulations. A composition-based approach is chosen as it raises the level of reuse of existing configuration fragments. This approach is based on scripting languages.