Despite the emphasis Proudhon placed on the significance of his ideas on women’s status within society, the patriarchal family, and the conjugal couple for his political thought, scholars of Proudhon display a tendency to bracket off Proudhon’s sexual politics from his general political philosophy. This dissertation comes to grips with Proudhon’s sexism and anti-feminism by first taking Proudhon at his word regarding its importance to his whole political project. I treat Proudhon as a strategist of patriarchal domination in the face of emerging feminist challenges and I argue that his ideas, all of them, should be examined in the light of his own claims about their relation to his anti-feminism. His was a vision of a new patriarchate in which men held full authority within their individual households and, beyond the household, freely associated and federated with each other—in other words, what Proudhon demanded was an anarchism of patriarchs. Proudhon erected the sovereignty of each man out of their absolute mastery over women and crafted mutualism and federalism in order to prevent any intrusion into that sovereignty, making apologetic readings that separate Proudhon’s revolutionary political thought from his patriarchalism difficult to accept. In addition to my engagement with Proudhon’s anti-feminism, this dissertation situates him in the context of 19th century debates around the so-called woman question in French socialism. I have chosen to directly engage with Proudhon’s feminist opponents such as Jeanne Deroin, Jenny d’Héricourt, and Juliette Lambert. On the basis of this feminist literature, this dissertation reconstructs Proudhon’s anti-feminist ideas and agenda dialogically by placing them in opposition to the women whose ideas and movement had actually motivated his writing on the subject in the first place. / Graduate / 2023-08-15

No description available.

La pensée de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon est encore souvent décrite comme contradictoire ou incohérente; une lecture interne proposant une interprétation cohérente de son œuvre manque toujours dans la littérature. La distinction des concepts d’antinomie et de contradiction dans la pensée de l’auteur permet d’établir cette interprétation cohérente. Chez Proudhon, l’antinomie consiste en un rapport antagonique entre deux idées, les lois déterminant les choses en lesquelles elles s’incarnent. Cet antagonisme est irréductible et demande à ce que les deux idées soient mises en équilibre l’une avec l’autre, ce qui constitue la Justice. La contradiction survient quant à elle lorsque l’équilibre n’est pas atteint. Elle consiste en une situation qui pose problème dans la société, provoquant par là la souffrance, la misère, la violence et l’instabilité. La société constitue une chose en soi, un être collectif doué de consistance ontologique nécessairement en relation avec ses parties constituantes. Parallèlement, la liberté consiste en la capacité d’agir et de se déployer en fonction de son idée. La liberté de l’être collectif, de la société, est en relation antinomique avec celle de ses parties constituantes, puisque l’une peut être maximisée au dépends de l’autre. L’État représente la contradiction découlant de l’absence d’équilibre entre les libertés. Le fédéralisme proudhonien se veut la voie moderne pour établir l’équilibre dans ce rapport antinomique. Au plan économique, la valeur d’usage et la valeur d’échange sont aussi en rapport antinomique. L’équilibre dans ce rapport permet la découverte de la vraie valeur, la valeur constituée, qui représente la Justice dans les rapports économiques. Le capitalisme représente l’ensemble des institutions économiques empêchant la formation de la valeur constituée, ce qui en fait un système économique contradictoire, non conforme à la Justice et qui provoque la souffrance. Le mutuellisme proudhonien se veut la voie moderne pour établir l’équilibre et découvrir la valeur constituée de chaque bien, c’est-à-dire accomplir la Justice dans l’activité économique de la société. Cette lecture dessine les contours d’une pensée anarchiste toute en nuance, dans laquelle l’État et la propriété privée doivent disparaitre non pas par l’abolition de leurs fonctions, mais bien par leur intégration, conforme à la Justice, dans le tissu des relations sociales.

[pt] A tese analisa a educação do trabalhador no Movimento Operário da Primeira República no Rio de Janeiro, propondo-se a explicitar a concepção de educação do trabalhador que se consolidou no contexto da classe operária brasileira sob a influência das ideias socialistas e anarquistas, ressaltando o pensamento de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. A pesquisa buscou também compreender o modo como se deu a penetração do pensamento educacional libertário no Movimento Operário. Igualmente, pretendeu analisar e descrever as condições históricas concretas – políticas, econômicas e institucionais – em que o pensamento educacional idealizado pela classe operária se constituiu, particularmente após o advento da República (1889) até o início da década de 1920, época próxima à Revolução Russa iniciada em 1917, tendo em vista as transformações políticas dela resultantes para a classe trabalhadora nacional. Para tanto, utilizou como fontes documentais os jornais e revistas publicados a partir da segunda metade do século XX até a década de 1920, principalmente aqueles publicados no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados são os da pesquisa historiográfica, no que se refere ao tratamento das fontes e à interpretação dos dados obtidos. Verificou-se que a educação em Proudhon pretende que o indivíduo alcance a autonomia intelectual, moral e profissional, atuando na sociedade em busca de sua liberdade e da liberdade dos outros. O caráter libertário das ideias desse pensador permite-lhe pensar a escola como o espaço necessário à formação e à realização intelectual, profissional e social dos jovens em um sentido integral, tendo em vista que a educação tem no trabalho um instrumento organizador e emancipador das personalidades individuais, o que favorece sua atuação no contexto da coletividade. / [fr] La thèse analyse l éducation du travailleur dans le Mouvement Ouvrier de la Première République au Rio de Janeiro avec l objectif principal d expliciter la conception de l éducation du travailleur qui s est consolidée à l interieur de la classe ouvrière brésilienne sous l influence des idées socialistes et anarchiques, mettant en évidence la pensée de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. La recherche a cherché aussi à comprendre la manière dont la pensée éducative libertaire a penetré dans le Mouvement ouvrier. Également, on a cherché d’analyser et décrire les conditions historiques concrètes - politiques, économiques et institutionnelles – dans lesquelles s est constituée la pensée scolaire idéalisée par la classe ouvrière, particulièrement après l avènement de la République (1889) jusqu au début de la décennie de 1920, proche à l époque de la Révolution Russe éclodie en 1917, en vue des transformations politiques (...) résultantes pour la classe ouvrière nationale. On a utilisé comme sources documentaires les journaux et les revues publiés depuis la seconde moitié du XXème siècle jusqu à la décennie de 1920, principalement ceux qui ont été publiés dans la Ville de Rio de Janeiro. Les procédures méthodologiques adoptées sont ceux de la recherche historiographique, en ce qui concerne le traitement des sources et (...) l interprétation des données obtenues. On a constaté que l éducation dans la pensée de Proudhon veut construire l autonomie intellectuelle, morale et professionnelle des individus, en agissant dans la société pour sa liberté et de la liberté des autres. Le caractère libertaire des idées de ce penseur lui permet de penser l école comme l espace nécessaire à la formation et à la réalisation intellectuelle, professionnelle et sociale des jeunes dans un sens intégral, en considerant l éducation comme un instrument organisateur et émancipateur des personnalités individuelles, ce qui favorise sa performance à l’interieur de la communauté.

This thesis provides a contextualised exegesis and re-evaluation of the anarchist Pierre- Joseph Proudhon's writings on war and peace. The thesis has two claims to originality. The first lies in shedding new light on Proudhon's voluminous writings on international politics. These texts have been relatively marginalised in the broader secondary literature on Proudhon's thinking, and the thesis seeks to correct this important lacuna. In International Relations (IR), the academic discipline to which this thesis will make its most obvious original contribution, Proudhon's writings on war and peace have been almost completely ignored. By providing an anarchist approach to world politics, the thesis will also contribute to IR's historiographical and critical theoretical literature. The second claim to originality lies in using these writings and the context from which they emerged to tell a story about the evolution of the nineteenth century, the origins of the twentieth century and provide possible ways of thinking beyond the twenty first. The thesis employs a contextualist methodology that works in four ways. First, I have contextualised Proudhon's thought geo-politically, in relation to the dynamics of the balance of power in nineteenth-century Europe. Secondly, I have sought to understand Proudhon's ideas against the backdrop of the evolution of the French nation state in the mid to late nineteenth century. Third, I have shown how Proudhon's thought emerges out of the dominant intellectual currents of his day – ideas that range from the inspiration for the activism of Fourierist and Saint-Simonian feminists, to the epochal influence of Rousseau and Kant. Finally, I argue that Proudhon's thinking on world politics needs to be understood in relation to the evolution of his own thinking after Napoleon III's coup d'état of the 2nd of December 1851. I will show that Proudhon's mature anarchism, his mutualist federalism, was an engaged response to each of these social and intellectual contexts. I will argue that his critiques of these processes, and their intellectual champions, have been given an added poignancy given that he campaigned in large part against those very processes that culminated in two world wars.

No description available.

The Postanarchist, an activist in a heterotopia : building an ideal type is the theme of this doctoral thesis. The main aim is to elaborate a design for the postanarchist figure, picking up its main characteristics from the work of the postanarchist Saul Newman. The argument also bears on two other authors: the post-structuralist Michel Foucault, considered a strong influence of postanarchism, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the first author who labelled himself as anarchist and the first to embrace anarchy positively. Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari are introduced as mediators to provide deeper understanding of the main authors. The dissertation offers a novel theoretical revision of postanarchism through Michel Foucault and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. It notes the close similarities between Foucault and Proudhon - in terms of concepts of space, struggle, movement, necessity and consequently anarchy; establishes a conceptual net around them and uses Proudhon s thinking to fill the bibliographic gaps in Foucault s writings. The goal is to better understand the thought and the activist practice of Foucault in terms of anarchism and, in the last instance, to better grasp the postanarchism of Saul Newman in order to carve the postanarchist ideal type. Postanarchism is understood as the constitution of autonomous spaces; the notions of space and heterotopias - the Foucauldian space - are central in the dissertation. Accordingly, the thesis is structured by three hypotheses: (i) postanarchism is space constitution; (ii) the constitution of space is a struggle; (iii) to establish space is to survive. The sub-concepts of the dissertation are: movement, necessity, struggle, power subject, body, sign, truth and utopia. The thesis provides an interpretative analysis of primary sources - books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets and manifestos - of the three main authors supported by secondary commentaries. It departs from conventions by adopting a theoretical approach inspired by Foucault s solar and circular worldview (and Tommaso Campanella s City of the Sun). This facilitates the fluid organization of the argument and avoids imposing linearity on the content, thus highlighting the interrelation between content and the structure of the argument. This thesis is an exposition, an interpretation that develops new knowledge through the connections and methods that enable us to better know who the postanarchist activist is.

No description available.

Thèse--Paris. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Ribeiro de Almeida Borba.pdf: 2396785 bytes, checksum: 1e086dea321bf99c332b62ac2eba5aa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study is to examine how the method and the knowledge theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1808-1865), multi-disciplinar thinker and theorist-founder of the political anarchism, replays to the important philosophical problem of the construction of objective knowledges when this construction is confronted with some particular difficulties, that are imposed by contaminations due to the presence of personal approaching filters. The objective is justified by the fact whereof, although the number of studies about the proudhonian thoughs in sociology, economy and politics, the studies upon the philosophy of Proudhon, until now, are very poor. Until now, this author is almost unknown in the philosophical researches. The objective is justified, moreover, because his philosophy offers a way to establish a better dialogue and interaction among the philosophical theories and the popular thinking, applied to the social and diary-life questions. The pointed problem brings forward the discussions that Proudhon establish with known philosophies, and clearly localize, to the philosophers and academical searchers, his place in this particular area of knowledge. Focused in Proudhon s theory, the pointed problem offers, as a natural complement, a landscape of the political-philosophical confrontations at the XIXth century, about the destiny and the ways of human thinking, at the cross-roads of the alternatives offered by philosophy, religion and science. The examined hypothesis is that the way found by Proudhon to respond the focused problem, is a coherent and fruitful combination of relativism and skepticism, in an universal method to evaluate and develop knowledges. The Proudhon s theory is named by him Serial Theory , and his method, Serial Dialetics . This explanation, consequently, will show how relativism and skepticism are combined by Proudhon at the construction of this method and this theory, to offer a replay to the focused philosophical problem / O objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar o modo como o método e a teoria do conhecimento de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1808-1865), pensador multi-disciplinar e fundador teórico do anarquismo político, respondem ao importante problema filosófico da construção de conhecimentos objetivos em face das dificuldades que se impõem a esse conhecimento devido à contaminação do saber filosófico por filtros de abordagem personalizados. O objetivo se justifica pelo fato de que, embora se tenha um conhecimento razoável de sua sociologia , de sua economia e de seus princípios políticos, os estudos sobre a filosofia de Proudhon são ainda muito pobres, visto que o autor não tem despertado a atenção de pesquisadores dessa área. Justifica-se também porque sua filosofia oferece um caminho para o maior diálogo e interação entre as teorias filosóficas e o pensamento popular, voltado para questões que a vida diária e o convívio social lhe sugerem. O problema focalizado traz à tona o debate de Proudhon com filosofias conhecidas, e o situa no centro de discussões com as quais os estudiosos de Filosofia já estão bem familiarizados, oferecendo também, em sua esteira, um panorama dos confrontos político-filosóficos no século XIX em torno da questão do destino e dos rumos do pensamento humano, em face da religião, da filosofia e da ciência como alternativas. A hipótese examinada é a de que, diante do problema da construção de conhecimentos objetivos em face dos filtros de abordagem personalizados da filosofia, Proudhon oferece como resposta um método universal para a avaliação e o desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos, que segue por um lado o caminho do ceticismo, e por outro o do relativismo, combinando as duas tendências de maneira coerente e frutífera. Proudhon chama sua teoria do conhecimento de Teoria Serial , e seu método, de Dialética Serial . Esta pesquisa, portanto, deve revelar o modo como o relativismo e o ceticismo se combinam, na construção desse método e dessa teoria do conhecimento, de maneira a oferecer uma resposta, a resposta proudhoniana, ao mencionado problema