Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Non-compliance to treatment remains one of the greatest challenges in mental health care services, and knowledge about how to improve this is still a problem. The aim of this study is to critically synthesize the best available evidence regarding interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment. This study aims to provide the clinical practitioner with accessible information on interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment. Systematic review was chosen as a design method to identify primary studies that answer the following research question: What is the current evidence on interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment? Selected electronic databases that were accessible were thoroughly searched: SA-Nexus (NRF), ProQuest, EBSCOhost Platform, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Sabinet and Google Advanced Scholar were searched for primary studies that were published from 2001 to 2011. Primary studies in any language with an abstract in English were included in the search results. The following key words were used in the search: intervention, mental health treatment, psychiatric treatment, compliance, adherence, psychiatric patients, mental health care user and combinations thereof. Pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during the selection of studies. Sixteen studies (n = 16) were included for critical appraisal of methodology and quality using standard instruments from the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), the (JHNEBP) John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal Tool and the American Dietetic Association’s (ADA) Evidence Analysis manual. Finally only fourteen studies (n = 14) were identified as evidence that answers the literature review question appropriately. Evidence extraction, analysis and synthesis were conducted by means of the evidence class rating and grading of strength prescribed in ADA’s manual (ADA, 2008:62). The research was evaluated, a conclusion was given, limitations were identified and recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, education and research. Study findings indicated several interventions that can improve patients’ compliance in mental health treatment. Adherence therapy and motivational interviewing techniques during in-hospital stay improved the compliance of psychiatric patients. The use of Meds-help Pharmacy-based Intervention and Treatment Adherence Therapy Program for all Healthcare Professionals improved compliance to treatment for severely mentally ill. A Treatment Initiation and Participation Program and the use of Management Flow Sheet Interventions for Depressed Patients in Out-Patient Settings improved overall compliance of depressed patients in out-patient settings. Community mental health nurses trained in Medication Management improved psychiatric patients’ compliance to treatment at the community health care centres. Antipsychotic medication combined with therapeutic antipsychotic psycho-social interventions improved compliance of treatment for early-staged schizophrenia patients in out-patient settings. The use of Risperidone injections during the provision of home care and the long-acting injectable antipsychotic and atypical antipsychotic treatment used for schizophrenic patients served to improve compliance of mental health treatment in out-patient settings for schizophrenic patients. It is thus recommended that nurses should be exposed to clinical training regarding treatment compliance interventions of mental health care users during formal nursing education to enhance the mental health care practice and stimulate more innovative research on treatment compliance on the clinical field. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

A pesquisa realizada visa a elaboração de uma proposta de implementação da prática do Acompanhamento Terapêutico para pacientes com quadro psicótico agudo, internados no Setor de Agudos Masculino do Hospital Santa Tereza de Ribeirão Preto. A proposta de implementação dessa estratégia terapêutica foi apresentada como uma resposta a determinadas problemáticas apresentadas por alguns usuários do serviço, tais como: dificuldade de integração em serviço ambulatorial, alto número de reinternações hospitalares e necessidade de inclusão social. Para tanto, teve como objetivos específicos caracterizar os usuários que necessitaram do Acompanhamento Terapêutico e os problemas vivenciados no processo, relacionar os fatores que levaram a indicação dessa prática para determinados pacientes e identificar as dificuldades apresentadas no curso dos atendimentos. A partir de revisão bibliográfica da temática do Acompanhamento Terapêutico situamos essa prática como importante para a inclusão social de pessoas com transtornos mentais, tendo em vista os referenciais teóricos da reabilitação psicossocial. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Coletamos os dados a partir de dez casos atendidos, durante o período de oito meses, relatórios contidos em prontuários dos pacientes e reuniões de equipe e de família, os quais foram registrados em um diário de campo. A partir da análise dos dados, verificamos que as dificuldades sentidas ocorreram nas áreas familiares, redes sociais e nas esferas institucionais dos serviços. Assim, concluímos com a elaboração de uma proposta de implementação dessa técnica no programa terapêutico desse setor de tratamento. / The carried through research had as objective the elaboration of a proposal of implementation of the practical one of the Therapeutical Accompaniment for patients with acute psychotic picture and interned in the Masculine Sector of sharps of the Hospital Tereza Saint of Ribeirão Preto. The proposal of implementation of this therapeutic strategy the problematic determined ones presented by some users of the service were presented as a reply, such as: difficulty of integration in ambulatory service, high number of hospital internments and necessity of social inclusion. For in such a way, it had as objective specific to characterize the users who had needed the Therapeutical Accompaniment and the problems lived deeply in the process, to relate the factors that they had taken the patient determined indication of this practical and identify the difficulties presented in the curse of the attendance. From bibliographical revision of the Therapeutical Accompaniment, we point out this practical as important for the social inclusion of people with mental upheavals, in view of the theoretical referential of the psychosocial rehabilitation. One is about a study of case, exploratory-description, with qualitative boarding of the date. We collect the date from ten cases taken care of, during the period of eight months; reports contained in handbooks of the patients and meetings of team and family, and had been registered in a daily one of field. From the analysis of the date, we verify that the sensible difficulties had occurred in the familiar areas, social nets and in the institutional spheres of the services. Thus, we conclude with the elaboration of a proposal of implementation of this technique in the therapeutic program of this sector of treatment.

Thesis (M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of the North, 1981 / Refer to the document

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the institutionalized Swedish Psychiatric practice during the period 1850 and 1970 - the era of the large mental hospitals - in terms of a modem disciplinary project. Point of departure relates to the meeting between the admitted patient and the educational work of the mental hospital and its everyday practice. The main sources of information for this study consists among other things of case sheets and texts closely related to the work of the mental hospitals. The study has two important aspects. The first deals with the normalized procedures in the practice of mental care, and draws the attention to the relation between social and cultural standards and the way the mental hospitals reviews, treats and handles the patient. The second aspect deals with the actual administration and the techniques of the hospital to correct the patient and his/her actions in a desirable direction. An overarching discussion deals with the relation between liberating and Controlling practitioners, and how the Controlling power of the hospital relates to the modem society's conception of a independent man. At the same time as the physical coercion of the mental hospital diminished, controlling methods were required which were not merely based on obedience and Submission, but also on the participation and will of the patient. Informal system of rewards, confession-techniques as well as various forms of a conditionalised and regulated freedom is combined with a more concealed potential of coercion of the institution. The compulsory work is being analysed as the most important educational therapy - both socially and ethically. Work is being described as a liberal Controlling technique. By connecting work to the system of rewards as well as increased physical freedom enables the hospital to exercise control and predictability without resorting to coercion. How the hospital looked upon and handled the sexual body, and how cultural conceptions regarding sexual normality dominated the practical care-taking is being analysed with the starting point in case sheets. The sexual behaviour, especially concerning women, resulted in a meeting of different opinions between restraining and testing practitioners where moral reliability was a condition for physical freedom. The thesis describes a movement over time towards increased physical freedoms for the patients of the mental hospitals. This did not imply that the control or the normalization decreased in intensity. But rather that the forms and the conditions for these processes changed. The freedom that was placed in sight was always connected with the well behaviour of the patient. / digitalisering@umu

Non-compliance to treatment remains one of the greatest challenges in mental health care services, and knowledge about how to improve this is still a problem. The aim of this study is to critically synthesize the best available evidence regarding interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment. This study aims to provide the clinical practitioner with accessible information on interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment. Systematic review was chosen as a design method to identify primary studies that answer the following research question: What is the current evidence on interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment? Selected electronic databases that were accessible were thoroughly searched: SA-Nexus (NRF), ProQuest, EBSCOhost Platform, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Sabinet and Google Advanced Scholar were searched for primary studies that were published from 2001 to 2011. Primary studies in any language with an abstract in English were included in the search results. The following key words were used in the search: intervention, mental health treatment, psychiatric treatment, compliance, adherence, psychiatric patients, mental health care user and combinations thereof. Pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during the selection of studies. Sixteen studies (n = 16) were included for critical appraisal of methodology and quality using standard instruments from the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), the (JHNEBP) John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal Tool and the American Dietetic Association’s (ADA) Evidence Analysis manual. Finally only fourteen studies (n = 14) were identified as evidence that answers the literature review question appropriately. Evidence extraction, analysis and synthesis were conducted by means of the evidence class rating and grading of strength prescribed in ADA’s manual (ADA, 2008:62). The research was evaluated, a conclusion was given, limitations were identified and recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, education and research. Study findings indicated several interventions that can improve patients’ compliance in mental health treatment. Adherence therapy and motivational interviewing techniques during in-hospital stay improved the compliance of psychiatric patients. The use of Meds-help Pharmacy-based Intervention and Treatment Adherence Therapy Program for all Healthcare Professionals improved compliance to treatment for severely mentally ill. A Treatment Initiation and Participation Program and the use of Management Flow Sheet Interventions for Depressed Patients in Out-Patient Settings improved overall compliance of depressed patients in out-patient settings. Community mental health nurses trained in Medication Management improved psychiatric patients’ compliance to treatment at the community health care centres. Antipsychotic medication combined with therapeutic antipsychotic psycho-social interventions improved compliance of treatment for early-staged schizophrenia patients in out-patient settings. The use of Risperidone injections during the provision of home care and the long-acting injectable antipsychotic and atypical antipsychotic treatment used for schizophrenic patients served to improve compliance of mental health treatment in out-patient settings for schizophrenic patients. It is thus recommended that nurses should be exposed to clinical training regarding treatment compliance interventions of mental health care users during formal nursing education to enhance the mental health care practice and stimulate more innovative research on treatment compliance on the clinical field. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

This study examined treatment permanence of psychiatric outpatients, and identified reasons expressed by dropouts for discontinuing treatment. The clinical records of 314 patients (177 female arid 137 male) were examined including a telephone follow-up on all former patients who could be found (64). The retrospective analysis spanned up to seven years after dropout. Results revealed a cumulative dropout percentage greater than 70% without identifiable trends attributable to patient gender, age, or place of residence. Diagnostic categories showed slightly higher but inconsistent dropout by "organic" patients. The most frequent reasons for stopping treatment included: feeling better (19.6% ), receiving treatment elsewhere ( 17.4% ), lacking financia! resources (10.9%), non-typified reasons (7.6%), medication side effects (6.5%), and caregiver rudeness (6.5%). Results emphasize the need for effective psychological interventions designed to both improve institutional quality of treatment and promote treatment compliance. / Para documentar la permanencia en tratamiento de pacientes de una institución de salud mental y sus motivos de abandono, se analizaron 314 expedientes clínicos (177 mujeres y 137 hombres) Se contactó al total de pacientes localizables (64) en un análisis retrospectivo que cubrió siete años. Los resultados revelaron un porcentaje acumulativo de abandono del tratamiento superior a 70% sin tendencias atribuibles a edad, sexo o lugar de residencia. La categoría diagnóstica orgánico mostró un porcentaje de abandono ligeramente superior aunque inconsistente de año a año. Los motivos de abandono más frecuentes incluyeron los siguientes: sentirse mejor (19.6%), atenderse en otra institución (17 .4%), falta de recursos económicos (10.9% ), motivos no tipificados (7.6%), efectos colaterales de medicamentos prescritos  (6.5%) y maltrato del tratante (6.5%). Se destaca la necesidad de diseñar e instrumentar intervenciones psicológicas para mejorar la atención y promover la adherencia terapéutica.

A pesquisa realizada visa a elaboração de uma proposta de implementação da prática do Acompanhamento Terapêutico para pacientes com quadro psicótico agudo, internados no Setor de Agudos Masculino do Hospital Santa Tereza de Ribeirão Preto. A proposta de implementação dessa estratégia terapêutica foi apresentada como uma resposta a determinadas problemáticas apresentadas por alguns usuários do serviço, tais como: dificuldade de integração em serviço ambulatorial, alto número de reinternações hospitalares e necessidade de inclusão social. Para tanto, teve como objetivos específicos caracterizar os usuários que necessitaram do Acompanhamento Terapêutico e os problemas vivenciados no processo, relacionar os fatores que levaram a indicação dessa prática para determinados pacientes e identificar as dificuldades apresentadas no curso dos atendimentos. A partir de revisão bibliográfica da temática do Acompanhamento Terapêutico situamos essa prática como importante para a inclusão social de pessoas com transtornos mentais, tendo em vista os referenciais teóricos da reabilitação psicossocial. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Coletamos os dados a partir de dez casos atendidos, durante o período de oito meses, relatórios contidos em prontuários dos pacientes e reuniões de equipe e de família, os quais foram registrados em um diário de campo. A partir da análise dos dados, verificamos que as dificuldades sentidas ocorreram nas áreas familiares, redes sociais e nas esferas institucionais dos serviços. Assim, concluímos com a elaboração de uma proposta de implementação dessa técnica no programa terapêutico desse setor de tratamento. / The carried through research had as objective the elaboration of a proposal of implementation of the practical one of the Therapeutical Accompaniment for patients with acute psychotic picture and interned in the Masculine Sector of sharps of the Hospital Tereza Saint of Ribeirão Preto. The proposal of implementation of this therapeutic strategy the problematic determined ones presented by some users of the service were presented as a reply, such as: difficulty of integration in ambulatory service, high number of hospital internments and necessity of social inclusion. For in such a way, it had as objective specific to characterize the users who had needed the Therapeutical Accompaniment and the problems lived deeply in the process, to relate the factors that they had taken the patient determined indication of this practical and identify the difficulties presented in the curse of the attendance. From bibliographical revision of the Therapeutical Accompaniment, we point out this practical as important for the social inclusion of people with mental upheavals, in view of the theoretical referential of the psychosocial rehabilitation. One is about a study of case, exploratory-description, with qualitative boarding of the date. We collect the date from ten cases taken care of, during the period of eight months; reports contained in handbooks of the patients and meetings of team and family, and had been registered in a daily one of field. From the analysis of the date, we verify that the sensible difficulties had occurred in the familiar areas, social nets and in the institutional spheres of the services. Thus, we conclude with the elaboration of a proposal of implementation of this technique in the therapeutic program of this sector of treatment.

Abstract The focus of this study was to examine mortality, disability, psychiatric treatment and medication utilizing register-based five-year follow-up data on all first-onset schizophrenia patients between the years 1995 to 2003 in Finland. The data were obtained from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, the national Finnish Causes of Death Register, and registers of pensions and reimbursed medicines. People with first-onset schizophrenia had a 4.45-fold higher mortality rate than the general population. Mortality was significantly elevated in all age groups. The most prominent single unnatural cause of death was suicide and the most common natural cause of death was circulatory diseases. Half of all first-onset schizophrenia patients retired on disability pension within the five-year follow-up period. Men retired at an earlier age and more commonly than women. Regional differences in mortality and disability retirement were evident. Patients first identified as outpatients had better outcomes than patients first identified following hospitalization. In total, 40% of outpatient-treated patients and 74% of hospital-treated patients had experienced a relapse during follow-up period. The use of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, while clozapine was associated with lower suicide risk. First generation antipsychotics (FGAs) were associated with increased all-cause mortality and, particularly chlorprothixene, with increased suicide mortality. An increased likelihood of cardiovascular death was found among users of levomepromazine. In antidepressants, use of mirtazapine was associated with increased risk of suicide. In this study, the results and outcomes of first-onset schizophrenia patient treatment were analysed using register-based data. The results indicate that the outcome of first-onset schizophrenia is not good enough. Regional differences were seen in mortality and treatment practices. In clinical work more attention should be paid to health promotion and somatic screening, but also treatment of depressive symptoms. The results indicate that more effective treatments and rehabilitation are needed along with improved equality of treatment practices between hospital districts. / Tiivistelmä Tavoitteena oli tutkia skitsofreniaan sairastuneiden kuolleisuutta, työkyvyttömyyttä ja sairaalahoitoa sekä selvittää lääkehoidon yhteyttä kuolleisuuteen. Tutkimusaineistona olivat hoitoilmoitus-, kuolinsyyrekisteri-, eläkerekisteri- ja lääkekorvattavuustiedot. Tutkimusjoukkona olivat vuosien 1995-2003 aikana skitsofreniaan sairastuneet henkilöt. Seuranta-aika oli 5 vuotta. Skitsofreniaa sairastavien kuolleisuus oli 4.4 -kertainen normaaliväestöön verrattuna. Kuolleisuus oli korkeaa kaikissa ikäryhmissä sairastumisiästä riippumatta. Yleisin kuolinsyy oli itsemurha. Yleisin luonnollinen kuolinsyy olivat sydän- ja verenkiertoelinten sairaudet. Skitsofreniaan sairastuneista puolet jäi työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle viiden vuoden seurannan aikana. Miehet eläköityivät nuorempina ja useammin kuin naiset. Kuolleisuudessa ja eläkkeelle siirtymisessä oli havaittavissa alueellista vaihtelua. Avohoidossa hoidetuilla vasta skitsofreniaan sairastuneilla oli parempi ennuste kuin sairaalahoitoon joutuneilla. Heidän kuolleisuutensa sekä sairaalahoitopäivien, relapsien ja vastentahtoisen hoidon määrät olivat alhaisemmat kuin sairaalassa hoidetuilla. Toisen polven antipsykoottien käyttö oli yhteydessä alentuneeseen kuolleisuuteen ja ensimmäisen polven antipsykootit kohonneeseen kuolemanriskiin. Klotsapiinin käyttö oli yhteydessä alhaisempaan itsemurhariskiin, kun taas masennuslääkkeistä mirtatsepiinin käyttö liittyi kohonneeseen itsemurhariskiin. Skitsofrenian hoidon kehittymisestä huolimatta sairauden ennuste on edelleen huono. Skitsofreniaa sairastavilla on yhä korkeampi kuolleisuusriski kuin muulla väestöllä. Hoitomenetelmien kehittymisestä huolimatta puolet sairastuneista on työkyvyttömyyseläkkeellä viiden vuoden kuluessa sairastumisesta. Sairauden vakavuutta osoittaa myös se, että iso osa skitsofreniaan sairastuneista tarvitsee useamman sairaalahoitojakson ja tahdosta riippumatonta hoitoa. Lisäksi useat tarvitsevat tuettua asumispalvelua. Skitsofrenian somaattisten sairauksien ja masennusoireiden arviointi vaatii edelleen huomioita. Hoitoon ja kuntoutukseen pitää panostaa ja taata, että skitsofrenian hoito olisi yhtä laadukasta koko Suomessa. Potilaat ovat eriarvoisessa asemassa, mikäli hoitokäytännöt ja mahdollisuus saada kuntoutusta vaihtelevat asuinpaikasta riippuen.