School bullying is becoming a problem throughout the world. It is deemed necessary that schools become safer environments for teaching and learning to take place. This study focused specifically on the impact of bullying, educationally and psychologically, on primary school learners. In the literature review conducted, research studies showed that learners were clearly affected by bullying. An empirical investigation, which included four individual sessions and a focus group session, was undertaken to determine what the effects of bullying were on the victims. Transcriptions were made of all the interviews and the data was then analysed to determine what the main themes were. The investigation concluded that bullying does affect learners educationally and psychologically. Based on the results, guidelines were provided for schools, parents, educators and the Department of Education. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The aim of this thesis is to extend sport career transition knowledge by developing and evaluating a psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioners. Study 1 provides an extensive overview of organisational intervention programmes for sport career transition, as well as of training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners from 19 countries worldwide. The purpose of Study 1 was to examine the following five features of sport career transition organisational intervention programmes and training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners: 1) At the government level, which organisation is responsible for the delivery of sport career transition organisational intervention programmes? 2) What is the typical strategy of sport career transition organisational intervention programmes? 3) Which activities and events are included in sport career transition organisational intervention programmes? 4) Who is responsible for the delivery of sport career transition organisational intervention programmes? and 5) Do sporting organisations have training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners? Findings from Study 1 were used to inform Study 2 and to supplement the literature review. According to the literature, training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners remain scarce, while the number of sport career transition organisational intervention programmes is gradually increasing. The purpose of Study 2 was to develop and evaluate a novel psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioners. There were three stages of development and evaluation: (1) content development, (2) curriculum design and (3) curriculum evaluation. To achieve the goal of Study 2, a focus group and a two-round Delphi method were implemented. The final version of the psycho-educational curriculum is presented in Chapter 5. The purpose of Study 3 was to test a key aspect of the psycho-educational curriculum developed in Study 2 concerning 38 competences of sport career transition practitioners. A curriculum package consisting in the key parts from the overall curriculum was developed for Study 3. The findings revealed that the curriculum package positively affected the confidence of the study participants in 38 competences concerning sport career transition. This demonstrates that the curriculum is effective for the development of sport career transition practitioners, as the study participants exhibited greater confidence on all four factorsDual Career Transition Management, Skill Transfer, Social Support, and Career Planningwhen completing the curriculum package. The discussion in Chapter 7 focuses on both the theoretical and practical implications of the research, limitations and future research directions. In conclusion, the findings presented here deepen the knowledge of sport career transition in the areas of organisational intervention programmes for high performance athletes and training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners. In addition, a novel psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioners is developed and evaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2397.pdf: 698224 bytes, checksum: 7ce1123d029ba03759695333be6642bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-16 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Dementia involves the loss of cognitive functions, interfering with the execution of even the most basic tasks of everyday life. Family eldercare providers are central figures in guaranteeing the wellbeing of their elderly relatives who develop dementia. However, when such a person becomes dependent on other family members, in addition to an increase in the caregiver s domestic chores, the behavior problems that arise can have a negative impact when caregivers are not well prepared for this situation, making the caregivers more susceptible to depression and contributing to the deterioration of their own physical and psychological wellbeing, making the caregiving context even more difficult. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of psycho-educational support groups (PEG) for people caring for a relative with Alzheimer s disease (AD), associated with individual, home visits that were either training-oriented (Experimental Group EG) or listening-oriented (Control Group CG) in nature, with respect to the participants perceptions of burden, depressive symptoms and quality of life. The nine participants were randomly assigned to either the EG and CG. The EG participants received encouragement and assistance in operationalizing the concepts learned in the PEG, which addressed strategies for managing stress and depression and provided training in some of the social skills that are useful in establishing new routines (praise, constructive criticism, and asking for help). The CG received visits of the same duration, bus focused only on listening. The participants were interviewed about their situation, but did not receive individual assistance in operationalizing the strategies presented in the PEG. At the end of the first phase of the intervention, each group received the other type of home-based intervention. The data were analyzed using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon). The psycho-educational groups were effective in transmitting information, but did not reduce the caregivers perceptions of burden, reporting of depressive symptoms or change their quality of life ratings. After the caregivers received the training-oriented home visits (TV), their perceptions of burden significantly decreased and their quality of life ratings increased. The listeningbased visits had no significant effects on the caregivers. Six months later, an analysis of the follow-up measures indicate that improvements in perceptions of burden, frequency of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores were maintained by those who experienced the PEG coupled with TV. In conclusion, it is clear that professionals who offer orientation programs for family members caring for elderly relatives who have AD should further invest in evaluating the influence of home visits that focus on assisting these caregivers in adjusting their managerial and coping strategies, so as to increase our knowledge of how to blend group-based and individual psycho-educational supports in order to maximize the effects of such interventions. / A demência se caracteriza pela perda de funções cognitivas, comprometendo a execução normal das mais simples tarefas da vida diária. Os cuidadores familiares são pessoas chaves para garantir o bem-estar do seu familiar idoso com demência. Mas, além do aumento da carga de tarefas domésticas que ocorre quando um idoso se torna dependente, os distúrbios de comportamento do idoso dementado provocam um impacto negativo na vida dos cuidadores quando estes não são bem orientados. Isso os tornam mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de quadros depressivos o que contribui para a deterioração de suas próprias condições físicas e psicológicas, complicando ainda mais a tarefa de cuidar. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de um grupo psico-educacional (GPE) para cuidadores de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA), associado com um atendimento domiciliar individualizado que tinha como característica uma intervenção terapêutica com o cuidador (Grupo Experimental GE) ou a simples escuta deste (Grupo Controle GC). Os efeitos investigados incluíram as percepções dos participantes de burden, sintomas de depressão e qualidade de vida. Os nove participantes foram alocados aleatoriamente no GE e GC. No GE, os participantes receberam incentivo e suporte na operacionalização de conceitos aprendidos no GPE, os quais envolveram o manejo do estresse e da depressão e o treino de algumas habilidades sociais que são úteis no estabelecimento de rotinas novas (elogios, críticas construtivas e pedir ajuda). O grupo controle recebeu visitas com a mesma duração, mas focando apenas a escuta. Os participantes responderam a um roteiro de entrevista sobre sua situação, sem receber apoio individual na operacionalização das estratégias tratadas no GPE. Após a conclusão da primeira fase da intervenção, cada grupo recebeu o outro tipo de visita domiciliar. Análises feitas com os testes não-paramétricos Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon mostraram que os grupos terapêuticos psico-educacionais foram eficazes para passar informação aos cuidadores, mas não aliviaram a sobrecarga ou afetaram a pontuação destes cuidadores nas medidas de sintomas depressivos ou qualidade de vida. Porém, quando os cuidadores obtiveram acompanhamento terapêutico individualizado, houve uma diminuição significativa do burden e um aumento da qualidade de vida. As visitas focando a escuta não levaram a nenhuma alteração por parte dos cuidadores. Os sintomas depressivos não foram afetados imediatamente por nenhum tipo de intervenção. Seis meses após o término das intervenções, foi feita outra avaliação (follow-up) a qual mostrou que a associação entre GPE a VTD foi efetiva na manutenção das melhorias nos escores de burden, depressão e qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que os profissionais que oferecem programas de orientação a cuidadores de idosos com demência deveriam investir mais na avaliação dos efeitos de visitas domiciliaras para ajudar cuidadores no aperfeiçoamento de suas estratégias de gerenciamento e enfrentamento do estresse e da sobrecarga. Assim, poder-se-ia conhecer melhor estes efeitos da combinação de grupos psico-educativos e de visitas domiciliares individualizadas, o que por fim, poderia ajudar a maximizar o potencial de impacto das intervenções com cuidadores de idosos com DA.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lais Pereira Khoury.pdf: 1166537 bytes, checksum: 47ffa610b4fcac7a9ba674bc09cfa04f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by heterogeneous signs and symptoms that significantly affect the psychosocial adaptation of the patient. For instance, the absence of joint attention, communication deficit, social interaction, initiation of joint social attention, solicitation behaviors and behavior problems. Similar to other development disorders, children with ASD develop special educational needs (SEN) due to specific behavioral, cognitive, language and social adaptation clinical conditions. In Brazil there is a specific legislation that associates this clinical frame to the condition of a person with SEN. The set of all behavioral, communication, and language alterations observed in autism interferes in the insertion and adaptation of patients in the school environment. Scientific evidence about intervention strategies indicate that the behavioristic approach is one of the most beneficial to the improvement and appeasing of several problems typically associated with ASD (behavior problems, social skills, daily life skills, social communication, among others). The general objetctive of this study was to develop, implement and assess the efficiency of a training program for teachers on behavior management strategies for students with ASD. The project was developed in five elementary schools from the city of Barueri. The sample was composed of five students with ASD, age range 6 to 10 years old, enrolled in elementary schools in Barueri, and their respective teachers, totalizing 10 participants. The following tools were used: a) Wechsler 34 Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC III), b) Brazilian version of The Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI/01), c) Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), d) Report of behavior observation, e) Questionnaire to verify teachers general knowledge on ASD. The study was carried out in three steps, Step I: initial assessment through the use of the aforementioned tools; Step II: intervention; Step III: post-intervention. The main results indicate a reduction of behavioral problems in all children, according to both behavioral assessment tests and according to behavioral problems rates recorded before and after the intervention. The indicators of behavioral problems that had the most reduced rates were aggressiveness, self-aggressiveness, and stereotypies. At the post-intervention step, new adequate and adaptive behaviors were recorded in the classroom setting. Teachers improved qualitatively their knowledge on ASD and, according to the results, they seem to have started the use of adequate behavioral management strategies with these students. The orientation guide proved to be efficient to the management of low cost contingencies. Data, though restricted to the sample, show that the use of the guide is feasible in the classroom setting. / O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) se caracteriza por uma heterogeneidade de sinais e sintomas que afetam consideravelmente a adaptação psicossocial da pessoa acometida. Por exemplo, ausência de atenção compartilhada, déficits de comunicação, interação social, iniciação de atenção social compartilhada, comportamentos de solicitação e problemas de comportamento. Assim como outros transtornos do desenvolvimento, crianças com TEA desenvolvem necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE) devido às condições clínicas comportamentais, cognitivas, de linguagem e de adaptação social que elas apresentam. No Brasil existe uma legislação específica que associa este quadro clínico à condição de pessoa com NEE. O conjunto de todas as alterações comportamentais, de comunicação e de linguagem presentes no autismo interfere na inserção e adaptação no ambiente escolar de alunos com esse transtorno. Evidências científicas em relação às estratégias de intervenção apontam para a abordagem comportamental como uma das modalidades que mais contribui com a melhora e amenização de diversos problemas tipicamente associados ao TEA (problemas de comportamento, habilidades sociais, habilidades da vida diária, comunicação social, dentre outras). O objetivo geral do estudo foi desenvolver, aplicar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de treinamento para professores sobre estratégias de manejo comportamental de alunos com TEA. O projeto foi desenvolvido em cinco escolas de Ensino Fundamental I da secretaria municipal da cidade de Barueri. A amostra foi composta por cinco alunos com TEA na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos regularmente matriculados em escolas do Ensino Fundamental I (EF I) do município de Barueri e seus respectivos professores totalizando por 10 participantes. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: a) Escala de inteligência de Wechsler para crianças (WISC III), b) Versão brasileira do Inventario de Problemas Comportamentais 32 (BPI/01), c) Inventário de Comportamentos Autísticos (ABC), d) Registro de observação de comportamentos, e) Questionário para verificação do nível geral de conhecimentos que o professor tem sobre TEA. O estudo foi realizado em três fases: Fase I: avaliação inicial mediante uso dos instrumentos acima; Fase 2 Intervenção; Fase III: Pós-intervenção. Os principais resultados mostraram caso-a-caso que todas as crianças, diminuíram os problemas de comportamento conforme ambos os instrumentos padronizados de avaliação comportamental e de acordo com as taxas de problemas de comportamento registradas antes e após a intervenção. Os indicadores problemas comportamentais que mais diminuíram as frequências foram a agressividade, autoagressividade e estereotipias. Na fase pós-intervenção foram registrados novos comportamentos adequados e adaptativos no contexto de sala de aula. Os professores melhoraram qualitativamente os conhecimentos sobre TEA e, conforme os resultados obtidos parece ser que passaram a utilizar estratégias adequadas de manejo comportamental desses escolares. Conclui-se que o guia de orientações desenvolvido mostrou uma tentativa eficaz para o manejo de contingências de baixo custo. Os dados, embora restritos à amostra do estudo, mostram viabilidade de uso do guia desenvolvido no contexto de sala de aula.

South Africa has been witnessing an escalation in drug use amongst adolescents in high school. Thus, the main question that motivated this research was: How can a psycho-educational programme, using a selected audio-visual media resource, assist teachers and parents in an effort to prevent adolescent students’ substance abuse problem behaviour? Social cognitive theory (SCT) and self-efficacy theory (SET) were used as a conceptual framework. The study explained these theories in-depth. Adolescent substance abuse was also studied as well as programmes to address this problem. This was followed by a perusal of numerous audio-visual resources for their possible incorporation into prevention programmes. The ‘Above The Influence’ (ATI) resource was selected for the psycho-educational programme which was designed for the study. The programme was put into action during seven sessions over a period of about two months, and implemented with a group of 26 Grade 10 and Grade 11 students in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, to evaluate its relevance for adolescent substance abuse prevention. To evaluate the programme, a qualitative approach was used. The data were gathered during the programme implementation by means of in-person and online focus groups, individual interviews, written open-ended questions, observation notes and follow-up interviews some time after the programme had ended. Eleven principles were identified from the literature to evaluate the potential of the programme to be effective in preventing adolescent substance abuse. In particular the programme needed to increase adolescents’ skills related to studying, communication, peer relationships, self-efficacy, assertiveness, and drug resistance. The programme also had to employ interactive techniques and needed to address the type of drug abuse problem in the local community, for example, the ‘gateway’ substances of marijuana, alcohol and tobacco. In addition, the programme potential was evaluated in the light of SCT and SET. The findings indicated that the psycho-educational programme, using ATI as audiovisual medium, can be used very effectively by teachers to raise students’ awareness and develop particular skills that could contribute towards the prevention of adolescent substance abuse. It is recommended that the programme should be used in the long-term with repeated reinforcing sessions over time. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Contexte : L'accompagnement des personnes avec autisme, en France, fait l'objet de recommandations de bonne pratique de la Haute Autorité de Santé soutenues actuellement par le plan autisme 2013-2017. Selon ces recommandations, les approches développementales, cognitives et comportementales sont centrales et des travaux de recherche encore indispensables. Objectif : Cette recherche doctorale se focalise sur les stratégies psycho-éducatives utilisées par différents établissements médico-sociaux accueillant des personnes avec autisme d'âges, de profils de développement et de comportement différents. Il s'agit d'analyser l'impact de ces stratégies sur le développement psycho-éducatif, l'évolution socio-adaptative et les comportements autistiques de ces personnes sur une période de 3 années. Hypothèse : Nous postulons que les trajectoires développementales des compétences cognitives et socio-adaptatives ainsi que les comportements autistiques sont déterminés par la qualité de mise en œuvre des interventions psycho-éducatives, indépendamment de l'âge et du degré de sévérité d'autisme des personnes avec TSA. Méthodologie : Participants : Notre population de recherche se compose de 158 personnes avec autisme, enfants (N = 34), adolescents (N = 19) et adultes (N = 105), accompagnées dans différents établissements médico-sociaux (principalement en Normandie mais également dans le Grand-Est) et qui bénéficient toutes d'un accompagnement relevant de l'intervention Psycho-Educative. Outils de mesure : - Les trajectoires développementales sont déterminées à partir de l'évaluation régulière du développement psycho-éducatif et socio-adaptatif des participants, sur une période de 3 ans. Cette évaluation est réalisée à l'aide de la Vineland-II et du PEP-3, l'évaluation complémentaire des comportements autistiques est réalisée à l'aide de l'ECAR-T. - Pour évaluer la qualité de la mise en œuvre des accompagnements sur le terrain des institutions, nous avons construit une échelle originale d'évaluation des Modalités d'Intervention Psycho-Educatives (MIPE) qui permet d'une part de déterminer les actions mises en place par les institutions partenaires et d'autre part d'objectiver un niveau d'implantation concret des Stratégies Psycho-Educatives étudiées. Analyse des données : Le traitement statistique des différentes données recueillies vise à valider la MIPE et à estimer l'impact des interventions et de leurs caractéristiques sur les trajectoires développementales. Résultats : Les résultats mettent en évidence la validation de l'échelle MIPE qui permet d'objectiver le niveau d'implantation des Stratégies Psycho-Educatives. D'autre part, l'analyse des différents résultats souligne la pertinence des interventions proposées auprès de notre population de recherche, indépendamment de l'âge des personnes accompagnées et du degré de sévérité de leur autisme. Conclusion : la recherche met en évidence non seulement la pertinence des interventions psycho-éducatives ainsi que leurs modalités de déploiement auprès des personnes avec autisme vivant en institution, quel que soit leur âge (enfants, adolescents, et adultes), mais également l'importance des caractéristiques de leur mise en œuvre. / Backgroud : The treatment of people with autism, in France, is the subject of recommendations of good practices published by the High health authorities, those are actually supported through the autism plan 2013-2017. According to those recommendations, developemental, cognitive and behavioral approachs are central and research works still essential. Objective : This doctoral reseach is focusing on psycho-educational strategies used by different medico-social institutions on ASD people of various developemental profils and various behaviors. The purpose is to analyse the impact of those strategies on psycho-educational development, socio-adaptative evolution and autistic behaviors over a period of three years. Hypothesis : We assume that developmental trajectories on cognitives and socio-adaptatives abilities as well as on autistic behaviors are determined by the implementation quality of the psycho-educational interventions, regardless the age range and the autism severity degree of people with autism. Methodology : The population studied in this research comprehends 158 people with autism, children (N=54), teenagers (N=19) and adults (N=105). They all received psycho-educational interventions in differents specialised instituitions (Mainly in Normandy, some in the Great Est). Research tools : - The developmental trajectories have been determined on the basis of regular psycho-educational and socio-adaptatif évaluations during a three years period, with VINELANDII and PEP3. In addition, the ECAR-T has been used to evaluate autistic behaviors. - To evaluate the implementation quality of treatments into the institutions, we built an original evaluation scale measuring the psycho-educational intervention properties. This tool enables to determine actions in place inside institutons, and to make objective measurements about the actual implantation level of psycho-educational programs into those institutions. Data processing : The data process aims to validate the MIPE. It will also be used to estimate the impact of interventions and their characteristics on developmental trajectory. Findings : Results enable to validate the MIPE scale, which makes objective measurements about the actual implantation level of psycho-educational programs. Data process also emphasizes the relevance of the approach offered to our population sample, regardless the age range and the autism severity degree. Conclusion : The outcoume of this study demonstrate not only the relevance of psycho-educational intervention and their display modality for people with autism living in institution, regardless their age (children, teenager, adults), it also highlighs the importance of their implementation characteristics.

The aim of this research is to develop guidelines for a psycho-educational programme to enhance the self-actualisation of retired people. To do this, an investigation was undertaken to determine how to enhance self-actualisation during retirement, through an understanding of the: • phenomenon of retirement; • concept of self-actualisation; • challenges that hamper adjustment and self-actualisation during retirement; • factors which assist retirees in overcoming challenges and achieving self-actualisation; and • the role of psycho-educational programmes in enhancing self-actualisation during retirement. The literature study sought to promote such an understanding through the investigation of writings and research findings. The qualitative investigation attempted to provide a contextual understanding of the above, through an exploration of the retirement experiences of a selected group of retirees living in George (and surrounding area), South Africa. The findings served as the basis for guidelines for a psycho-educational programme to enhance the self-actualisation of retired people. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The aim of this research is to develop guidelines for a psycho-educational programme to enhance the self-actualisation of retired people. To do this, an investigation was undertaken to determine how to enhance self-actualisation during retirement, through an understanding of the: • phenomenon of retirement; • concept of self-actualisation; • challenges that hamper adjustment and self-actualisation during retirement; • factors which assist retirees in overcoming challenges and achieving self-actualisation; and • the role of psycho-educational programmes in enhancing self-actualisation during retirement. The literature study sought to promote such an understanding through the investigation of writings and research findings. The qualitative investigation attempted to provide a contextual understanding of the above, through an exploration of the retirement experiences of a selected group of retirees living in George (and surrounding area), South Africa. The findings served as the basis for guidelines for a psycho-educational programme to enhance the self-actualisation of retired people. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

This study firstly investigates the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the resulting deaths from an international, African and South African perspective. These statistics provide a backdrop to the phenomenon of grandparent-headed households. The needs of orphans and the characteristics of grandparent-headed households are explained. The researcher describes the services offered to these households by a number of supporting agencies internationally and in South Africa. Erik Erikson’s model of psychosocial development is used as a structure to explain childhood grieving during the various psychosocial development stages, including adolescence. The views and experiences of a number of South African grandparent-headed households are described as well as the views of stakeholders offering support to these families. Lastly the researcher offers guidelines to professionals and lay people who endeavour to empower grandparents who fulfil the role of parents in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The changing structures of families and the increase in the number of child headed families are progressively becoming noticeable both nationally and internationally. Reviewed literature has confirmed that the increasing trend in orphan status among school going age over the period 2002-2009, is of major concern. A growing body of literature also indicates that child headed families and orphan hood are becoming common phenomena in many African countries in general and South Africa in particular. This scenario presents certain challenges especially on the orphaned children‘s learning and schooling experiences as well as their behavioural and social interaction patterns. The phenomenon calls for greater educational support for such learners at school and home. Increasingly, teachers and schools world over are expected to respond to the changing educational environment and contextual realities of schooling that include the orphaned learners who head households. The aim of this thesis was to address the behavioural challenges that orphaned learners who head household experience and to develop a psycho-educational programme to support their learning. A qualitative instrumental case study research design was used with a study sample of 30 orphaned learners living in child headed household aged 10 to 16 years, ten Life Orientation Teachers, four members of School Management Team, eight members of School Based Support Team (SBST) and four Social Workers who were purposively sampled to participate in the study. The study was conducted in 15 classes located at four schools (3 secondary, 1 primary) in Taledi Area, Mamusa Circuit located in Ipelegeng Township of Schweizer Reneke town under Dr R.S. Ruth Momphati District-North West Province, South Africa. In order to answer the research question, data was collected using a variety of data collection techniques. These were semi structured interviews, observations and documentary analysis. Data obtained was analysed using the interpretational analysis method to determine the common themes and sub themes describing the behavioural challenges that the orphaned learners experience during schooling in the playgrounds and in the classroom. Data analysed revealed that although orphaned learners are socially strong with regard to interaction with their peers, they experience learning difficulties in the classroom leading to underperformance and grade repeating. The study also noted that orphaned learners exhibit negative conduct behaviours and negative social interaction patterns with their LO teachers and members of the school management team. The study also revealed that emotional problems and lack of material support are common phenomena amongst these learners. The study arrived at the recommendation that a psycho-educational programme to address the behavioural challenges be developed to enhance the academic performance of the learners. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)