The purpose of personal therapy for psychologists can be understood as a method of personal and professional development (PPD) and/or in terms of help-seeking. This study aims to consider differences in the use of personal therapy among trainee clinical psychologists. It used a cross-sectional, survey design and invited all British trainees to participate. 437 trainees (25% response rate) completed measures on intrapersonal and interpersonal variables, and answered several factual questions pertaining to demographics and clinically relevant experiences. Several trainees reported experiencing childhood abuse. A large proportion had experienced therapy prior to training. These issues were explored. Discriminant analyses demonstrated that attitude to therapy for PPD and psychological flexibility were important predictors of use of personal therapy, as was emotional neglect in childhood. The potential link between difficult early experience and ability to manage internal experience was considered. Therapeutic orientation of trainee, year of training and course support were also important factors in differentiating between groups. Implications for training and PPD were discussed in terms of suggestions for courses and trainees.

Paper 1: This study focused on personal education plans for children in care and the related research around individual education plans. Children in care have been identified by the government and local authorities as a vulnerable group, at risk of failing to fully access education (DCSF, 2010). This paper examines the role of the educational psychologist in supporting children in care. There are three aims; 1. to explore the current role and work of educational psychologists in supporting children in care across local authorities, and within one local authority, 2. to generate, a more in-depth understanding of educational psychologists’ practice regarding children in care. 3. to use the analysis to formulate a framework that will inform an intervention to enhance the personal education plan process. Mixed methods were used to investigate the current role and view of educational psychologists and those involved in the personal education plan (PEP) process. The methods included online surveys, hardcopy questionnaires and semi structured interviews, which produced both qualitative and quantitative data. The findings of this research suggest that EPs most often work with Children in Care in school, and this seems to involve consultations, planning and reviewing meetings at a multiagency level. This study reports that EPs are not often involved in the PEP process but that most EPs have an understanding of the purpose of PEPs. A summary of the distinct contribution EPs believe they have to offer children in care has been presented, and the findings could provide EPs with improved role clarity in the future. A number of themes were also identified that would support the PEP process and a framework has been created that has the potential to enhance the process. Paper 2 - Collaborative Consultation: Background: Children in care (CiC) have consistently underperformed educationally, compared to other children. Personal Education Plans (PEP) were introduced to address this issue. This study aims to implement a PEP intervention (based on a framework from Paper 1) to enhance the educational experience of the child and explore the distinct contribution of the educational psychologist (EP). Method: Action Research was used to structure an intervention and gather the pre and post evaluation data in four case studies. The intervention consisted of an assessment of the child; there were three collaborative consultations with those involved in the PEP and attending the PEP meeting. Data collected include child assessments, notes from consultations, pre and post questionnaires and post semi-structured interviews with the professional. Results: The findings suggest the intervention had a positive impact on the PEP process and how those completing the PEP felt about the process. Changes to the child’s independent functioning could not be attributed to the intervention. The analysis developed and supports the finding in the framework from Paper 1. Conclusion: The revised framework offers a guideline to produce a consistent PEP process across all Local Authorities. Recommendations about the use of assessment and introducing psychological theories through consultation prior to the PEP are provided.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka psykologstudenters upplevelse av utbildningsterapi. På grund av att utbildningsterapin, som är ett obligatoriskt moment på flera psykologprogram i Sverige, för närvarande är omdiskuterad, var det av intresse att undersöka hur den upplevs av studenterna. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med studenter på psykologprogrammet vid Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö och analyserades med induktiv tematisk analys. Resultaten sammanfattades i tre huvudteman: Administrativa aspekter av kursen, Terapiprocess och Utbildningsterapins behållning. Slutsatsen som dras är att utbildningsterapin upplevs som en lärorik och viktig erfarenhet, men att vissa aspekter är paradoxala / The purpose of this study was to examine psychology students´ experience of personal therapy. Because personal therapy, which is a mandatory feature at many psychologist programmes in Sweden, is currently debated, it was of interest to examine how it is experienced by students. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with psychology students at Linneaus University in Växjö and analyzed with inductive thematic analysis. The results were summarised in three main themes: Administrative aspects of the course, Therapy process and Profit of personal therapy. The conclusion is that the personal therapy is perceived as an educative and important experience, but that some aspects are paradoxical.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine school psychologists' use of evidence- based practices (EBP), in general, and more specifically in the area of social skills training (SST) for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Study participants, consisting of 498 school psychologists from across the nation, participated in an online survey that gathered information about their training, attitudes, and practices. The frequency with which specific EBP practices for social skills training for students with ASD was examined, as was prediction of use of these practices. Multiple-regression analyses revealed multiple independent variables that were predictors for overall use of EBP. Results indicated that over half of the participants provide SST for students with ASD. Although the majority of participants indicated that their graduate program included at least one course with information about ASD and EBP practices, in general, nearly half indicated that their coursework did not include any courses that directly addressed social skills training for students with ASD. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the extent to which the data fit the factor model. Participants' perception of the importance placed on EBP by their school district, scores on the openness subscale of the Evidence Based Practices Assessment Scale, perception of how well their graduate program prepared them in the EBP process, perception of whether they were adequately trained in the area of SST for students with ASD, and having a caseload evenly divided among settings were significant predictors of overall use of EBP.

This diploma thesis deals with the professional identity of school psychologists. The aim of this thesis is researching of changing the profile of professional identity in last ten years and observing the other variables how and in what way they influence the professional identity of school psychologists. The thesis is divided in a theoretical part, empiric part and a discussion of the research results with the literature. The theoretical part deals with a school psychology at first - its determinations and relations to other disciplines, its historical evolve and also with present situation, the content of a work of a school psychologist and his role in relationship network at school. The next part deals with a profession and professional identity, at first through a general view and lately with a direct view on the professional identity of school psychologists. In the empiric part there are firstly introduced the aims of the research and its questions, used methods for gathering and data processing and it is introduced the research file. For the data gathering there were used interviews and questionnaires which examined the most frequent and the most difficult situations which are the school psychologist dealing with, the frequent clients and their orders, perceiving of their own self-image and...

The aim of this study was to explore some social workers’ and psychologists’ perspectives ontheir collaboration concerning unaccompanied refugee children. More specifically; in which situations do the social workers and psychologists collaborate with each other in their work with unaccompanied refugee children and what challenges and possibilities do they describe in their collaborative work? This qualitative study was carried out in one municipality in Sweden with a high quantity of unaccompanied refugee children. Three social workers and two psychologists were interviewed. The interviewees described existing collaboration between the two professions when working with unaccompanied refugee children as regarding the young person ́s health. Most often the collaboration was described as taking place in so called sip-meetings that is an obligatory meeting between the two professions regarding the young person's health. However, also challenges regarding their collaboration as lack of resources and communication between these two professions emerged and are discussed.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de cunho quantitativo e tem o objetivo de caracterizar a atuação das(os) profissionais de psicologia no tema de relações étnico-raciais no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um WebSurvey e participam, como respondentes, psicólogas/os dos Estados brasileiros do Amazonas, da Bahia e de São Paulo. O formato da pesquisa tem o intuito de fazer um estudo comparativo de atuações nos três Estados, sob um recorte multicêntrico. Buscou-se compreender as associações entre os dados do processo formativo e ocupacionais das/os profissionais. Sobre a formação, por exemplo, houve a investigação sobre o nível de titulação, o perfil da Instituição de Ensino onde tiveram a formação e o interesse no tema das relações étnico-raciais. Sobre os dados ocupacionais, fezse alusão ao tempo, ao número e as áreas de atuação, ao perfil do serviço psicológico, as populações étnico-raciais e socioeconômicas atendidas, as percepções de situações de racismo no cotidiano de trabalho e as intervenções técnicas elaboradas no tema das relações étnicoraciais, dentre outro itens. Tais dados foram processados no software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), versão 20. Também sob o viés quantitativo, são analisadas as crenças das/os respondentes sobre \"atuação e identidade do psicólogo/a\" e sobre \"humano e as categorias étnico-raciais populares no Brasil\" (a saber, Pessoas Orientais, Pessoas Negras, Pessoas Indígenas e Pessoas Brancas). As crenças foram investigadas segundo o método de Evocações Livres e realizada a Analise Lexical de conteúdo, com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), versão 0.7. Nos resultados, o perfil das(os) profissionais são apresentados com a Estatística Descritiva e com a testagem de 12 hipóteses. A partir dos achados concluise com cinco (05) principais argumentos. O primeiro, é que há disparidades formativas e ocupacionais entre profissionais brancas(os) e negras(os). O segundo, é que há também disparidades étnico-raciais no atendimento das populações. O terceiro, acerca da influência política e filosófica cristão-católica na atuação das(os) profissionais de psicologia. Influência cristão-católica também notada no perfil do racismo brasileiro, que também pode ser identificado nas crenças das(os) participantes sobre as categorias étnico-raciais. O quarto diz respeito à prevalência do uso isolado do recurso da habilidade pessoal das(os) profissionais no, que é a Escuta Atenta e Sensível para o tema, alheio a outras ações, técnicas e procedimentos específicos para o tema das relações étnico-raciais. O quinto e o último argumento versa sobre a influência dos históricos institucionais dos respectivos Conselhos Regionais de Psicologia na difusão do tema das relações étnico-raciais, cada estado pesquisado, o que é observada pelas proporções das(os) profissionais quem pautam o tema no seu ambiente de trabalho / It is an exploratory research of quantitative nature and aims to characterize the performance of psychology professionals in the subject of ethnic-racial relations in Brazil. The data were collected through a WebSurvey and as respondents, psychologists from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Bahia and São Paulo. The format of the research is intended to make a comparative study of performances in the three states, under a multicentric cut. It was sought to understand the associations between the data of the training process and occupational of the professionals. About training, for example, there was research on the level of qualification, the profile of the Institution of Education where they had the training and the interest in the subject of ethnic-racial relations. Regarding the occupational data, the time, the number and the areas of action were mentioned, the profile of the psychological service, the ethnic-racial and socioeconomic populations served, the perceptions of situations of racism in daily work and the technical interventions elaborated on the subject of ethnic-racial relations, among other items. These data were also processed in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, version 20. Also under the quantitative bias, the respondents\' beliefs about the \"performance and identity of the psychologist\" and about \"human and categories ethnicracial groups in Brazil \"(namely, Eastern Persons, Black People, Indigenous Peoples and White People). The beliefs were investigated according to the Free Evocations method and carried out the Lexical Analysis of content, using the software IRAMUTEQ (Interface for Multidimensional Analyzes of Textes et de Questionnaires), version 0.7. In the results, the profile of the professionals is presented with Descriptive Statistics and with the testing of 12 hypotheses. rom the findings we conclude with five (05) main arguments. The first is that there are training and occupational disparities between white and black professionals. The second is that there are also ethnic-racial disparities in serving the populations. The third, about the political-philosophical and Christian-Catholic influence in the performance of psychology professionals. Christian-Catholic influence also noted in the Brazilian racism profile, which can also be identified in the participants\' beliefs about ethnic-racial categories. The fourth concerns the prevalence of isolated use of the personal skill of the professionals in the Attentive and Sensitive Listen to the theme, unrelated to other actions, techniques and procedures specific to the theme of ethnic-racial relations. The fifth and final argument concerns the influence of the institutional histories of the respective Regional Councils of Psychology in the diffusion of the subject of ethnic-racial relations, each state being researched, which is observed by the proportions of the professionals who guide the theme in their workplace

A presente dissertação fundamenta-se na psicologia analítica, criada pelo psiquiatra e psicanalista suíço Carl Gustav Jung. Partindo deste referencial e tomando como base os pilares da pesquisa qualitativa foi realizado um grupo vivencial de sonhos com estudantes ingressantes no 1º ano de graduação em Psicologia de uma universidade pública, com o objetivo de compreender como os estudantes estão vivenciando esse momento específico. Por meio do estudo do movimento grupal nos encontros, de uma análise do material obtido e da elaboração simbólica a respeito do desenvolvimento do grupo e dos encontros foi possível identificar e observar símbolos que apontam para um período de mudanças e enfrentamento de angústias e medos, encontrando sustentação e significação no grupo. O grupo vivencial com a utilização de recursos expressivos artísticos revelou-se também como meio de autoconhecimento, possibilitando o exercício da alteridade e seu manejo, indicando seu uso durante a formação do psicólogo em diversos momentos / The present dissertation is based on analytical psychology, created by the Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung. Starting from this framework and based on the pillars of qualitative research, an experiential dream group was realized with incoming students in the first year of graduation in Psychology from a public university, in order to understand how the students are experiencing this moment. Through the study of the group movement in the meetings, an analysis of the material obtained and the symbolic elaboration of the same and of the encounters, it was possible to identify and observe symbols that refer to a process of change and confrontation of fears that found support in the group. The experiential group with expressives artistcs resources revealed itself also as a tool for self-knowledge, allowing the exercise of alterity and its management, its use being indicated for the training of psychologists, in several moments

Muitas análises críticas na área da Psicologia foram produzidas fortalecendo o entendimento de que os conflitos que aparecem na escola são expressões de uma lógica historicamente estabelecida e os problemas que envolvem os processos de escolarização não são manifestações causadas pelos aspectos individuais dos sujeitos cognição, personalidade e comportamento. Esta pesquisa se localiza no bojo destas críticas desde uma perspectiva teórica que se dedica a pensar as lógicas institucionais que atravessam as organizações e a vivência no cotidiano da escola. A que serve o saber psi neste contexto? Como seria possível desempenhar uma prática que não corrobore os efeitos de naturalização, padronização e individualização que atingem os sujeitos e as relações escolares? Tais questões conduzem esta pesquisa em direção a aspectos que implicam a presença do psicólogo na escola, considerando a dimensão social e também a escolar como uma tessitura regida por lógicas historicamente estabelecidas, em que a relação entre a Psicologia e a escola é tomada a partir da análise dos efeitos produzidos pela atuação do psicólogo neste território ao longo do tempo. Recorre-se à compreensão histórica da escola e, portanto, a um modo de olhar, analisar e dizer dela. Com isso em vista, buscam-se articulações que permitam pensar a escola a partir da ideia de forças em constante disputa. Tal viés reflexivo é também sustentado pela corrente institucionalista e pela Análise Institucional que procuram tensionar a hierarquia de saberes, bem como os modos instituídos de vida que invadem as relações entre os sujeitos. Baseada nesta abordagem, esta dissertação sustenta a posição de que a escola é um campo em que as forças instituídas e instituintes se apresentam cotidianamente, possibilitando diferentes criações e invenções, afirmando potencialidades, e fazendo da intervenção um ato eminentemente político. Valendo-se de alguns conceitos como instituição, instituído, instituinte, acontecimento, analisador e implicação, apresentados e aprofundados a partir de eventos concretos da história e do surgimento da Análise Institucional, nos quais sua potência disruptiva é evidenciada, a presente pesquisa destaca a potência do cotidiano como campo propício de luta, de ruptura e de enfrentamento de imperativos. A escrita operada nas narrativas tem por objetivo iluminar as pequenas-grandes recusas atuadas por crianças que, do ponto de vista da norma, são inadequadas. Os elementos que constituem as narrativas apresentadas visaram problematizar e destacar a vertente instituinte, tensionando os saberes que se antecipam e os fazeres pautados nas relações cristalizadas, subvertendo a ideia de cotidiano como repetição, planejamento e permanência. É a partir desta problematização e, também, da análise da implicação que a função do psicólogo no território escolar é entendida. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa sustenta a prática do psicólogo na escola a partir da possibilidade de habitar o campo colocando-se como parte produtora de efeitos que podem atualizar as lógicas institucionais. Tal condição, portanto, convoca um posicionamento político do fazer psi no contexto escolar / Many critical analyzes produced in the field of psychology strength the understanding that the conflicts that appear in the school are expressions of a historically established logic and the problems involving the processes of schooling are not manifestations caused by the individual aspects of the subjects - cognition, personality and behavior. This research is located in the heart of these criticisms from a theoretical perspective dedicated to think about the institutional logics that cross the organizations and the experience of schools daily life. What is psi knowledge in this context? How could it be possible to carry out a practice that does not corroborate the effects of naturalization, standardization and individualization that affect subjects and school relationships? These questions lead this research towards aspects that imply the presence of the psychologist in the school, considering the social dimension and also the school as a structure governed by historically established logics, in which the relation between Psychology and the school is taken from the Analysis of the effects produced by the performance of the psychologist in this territory over time. We resort to the historical understanding of the school and, therefore, to a way of looking, analyzing and saying it. Considering it, we seek articulations that allow us to think the school from the idea of forces in constant dispute. Such a reflexive bias is also supported by the institutionalist current and by Institutional Analysis that seek to strain the hierarchy of knowledge, as well as the instituted ways of life that invade relationships between the subjects. Based on this approach, this dissertation sustains the position that the school is a field in which the instituted and instituting forces present themselves daily, allowing different creations and inventions, affirming potentialities, and transforming the intervention in an eminently political act. Drawing on some concepts as institution, institute, instigator, event, analyzer and implication, presented and deepened from concrete events of history and the emergence of Institutional Analysis, in which its disruptive power is evidenced, this research highlights the power of everyday life as a propitious field of struggle, rupture and confrontation of imperatives. The writing used in the narratives aims to illuminate the small-great refusals of children who, from the point of view of the norm, are inadequate. The elements that constitute the narratives presented aimed at problematizing and highlighting the instituting aspect, stressing the anticipated knowledge and the actions based on crystallized relationships, subverting the idea of aily life as repetition, planning and permanence. It is from this problematization and from the analysis of the implication that the function of the psychologist in the school territory is understood. Thus, this research sustains the practice of the psychologist in the school from the possibility of inhabiting the field by placing itself as a producer of effects that can update the institutional logics. Such a condition, therefore, calls for a political positioning of psi in the school context

Esta pesquisa visa estudar, em uma perspectiva fenomenológica existencial, como as práticas psicológicas em instituições disponibilizam, para alunos estagiários destas práticas, a apreensão e a compreensão de modos de ação profissional, que se reconfiguram a partir da solicitação dada pelo contexto. Os modos de reflexão e construção do fazer clínico são investigados no âmbito destas práticas, buscando reconstituir o percurso de aprendizagem dos alunos. Para tanto, recorre-se a narrativas de alunos do curso de Psicologia de uma mesma Universidade, participantes de uma modalidade de práticas clínicas em instituições, o Plantão Psicológico, em projetos de extensão universitária. As narrativas em torno da experiência de aprendizagem da ação clínica através da prática foram colhidas por meio de depoimentos coletados a partir de uma pergunta disparadora e registrados através do uso de gravador. Depois de transcritos, trechos dos depoimentos foram esclarecidos junto aos participantes da pesquisa, e as respostas foram incorporadas aos depoimentos. Os depoimentos foram literalizados e devolvidos aos sujeitos para sua avaliação, veracizando-os. A análise dos depoimentos foi realizada conforme a proposta de Critelli, norteando-se pelo diálogo com um dos depoimentos em particular. Busca-se o sentido dos relatos e apresenta-se a crise e o desalojamento como lócus privilegiado para a desconstrução de conceitos pré-formados, resgatando a esfera da afetabilidade como condição da abertura de possibilidades para o encontro clínico. O resgate da própria percepção para a tecitura de um espaço intersubjetivo vai sendo construído a partir do seu questionamento nos espaços padagógicos de diálogo, particularmente na supervisão, e permite reconfigurar a reflexão teórica partindo-se da experiência. Este questionamento permite também a reconfiguração experiencial do encontro clínico como lugar de questionamento visando o resgate de sentido, a partir das possibilidades de compreensão abertas pela afetabilidade. Os depoimentos apontam para a necessidade de uma horizontalidade que favoreça a dialogia entre teoria e prática como forma de melhor possibilitar uma aprendizagem auto-apropriada. / This research intends to study, in a existential phenomenological perspective, the way by the psychological practices turns avaliable the professional actions modes compreehension, and his departing context transformations, by the students of this practices. The forms of reflection and clinical practice construction are investigated in this practices circuit, seeking to reconstruct the studen\'s learning trajectory. For this intend it uses the narratives of psychology students of the same University, that participate in a clinical practice mode, the Psychological Attendance. The narratives about the learn experience of clinical action trough the practice were coleted by testimonials, made departing of a shooting question and recorded. After the transcription, parts of the testimonial were confirmed against the subject\'s research and the answers were incorporated in the testimonials. The testimonials were turned literally and returned to the subjects for their evaluation and confirmation. The testimonial\'s analysis were made according Critelli (1996), directing by the making of a dialogue with the testimonials, looking for the report\'s sense. This investigation presents the crisis and the dislodgesness like a privileged place to the disconstruction of pre-made concepts, ransoming the affectable dimension like a possibilities opening condiction to the clinical encounter. The ransom of self-perception like an instrument to the intersubjective area\'s weaveness are going to be constructed, departing of this self-perception asking in the dialogues places, particulary in the supervision. This movement turns possible the theorical reflection configuration, departing of the experience. This asking trajectory permits, too, the experiential reconfiguration of clinical encounter like a questionarity place, aiming at the sense ransom, departing of the comprehension possibilities opened by the affectability. The testimonials points to the relevance of an horizontality that privilege the dialogy between theory and practice, imp´lementing the possibilities of a self-appropriated learning.