With the increasingly high speed of the Internet and its wide spread usage, the current Internet architecture exhibits some problems. The publish/subscribe paradigm has been developed to support one of the most common patterns of communication. It makes “information” the center of communication and removes the “location-identity split” (i.e., that objects are at specific locations to which you must communicate with to access the object). In this thesis project a publish/subscribe network is built and then used in the design, implementation, and evaluation of a publish/subscribe proxy for today’s HTTP based communication. By using this proxy users are able to use their existing web browser to send both HTTP requests and Publish/Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) requests. A publish/subscribe overlay is responsible for maintaining PSIRP contents. The proxy enables web browser clients to benefit from the publish/subscribe network, without requiring them to change their behavior or even be aware of the fact that the content that they want to access is being provided via the publish/subscribe overlay. The use of the overlay enables a user’s request to be satisfied by any copy of the content, potentially decreasing latency, reducing backbone network traffic, and reducing the load on the original content server. One of the aims of this thesis is to make more PSIRP content available, this is done by introducing a proxy who handles both HTTP and PSIRP requests, but having received content as a result of an HTTP response it publishes this data as PSIRP accessible content. The purpose is to foster the introduction and spread of content based access. / Med allt högre Internetshastighet och dess utbredda användning, uppvisar den aktuella Internet-arkitekturen vissa problem. Publicera / prenumerera paradigm har utvecklats för att stödja en av de vanligaste mönstren för kommunikation. Det gör att "information" blir centrum av kommunikation och tar bort "plats-identitet split" (dvs att objekten är på specifika platser som du måste kommunicera med för att komma åt objektet). i detta examensarbete byggs ett publicera / prenumerera nätverk och sedan används i utformningen, genomförandet, och utvärdering av en publicera / prenumerera proxy för dagens HTTP-baserad kommunikation. Genom att använda denna proxy kan användare kan använda sin befintliga webbläsare för att skicka både HTTP-förfrågningar och publicera / Prenumerera Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) begäran. En publicera / prenumerera överlagring är ansvarig för att upprätthålla innehåll av PSIRP. Fullmakten gör det möjligt för klienter av webbläsare att dra nytta av publicera / prenumerera nätverket, utan att kräva dem att ändra sitt beteende eller ens vara medvetna om det faktum att det innehållet som de vill komma åt tillhandahålls via publicera / prenumerera överlägg. Användningen av överlägget kan en användare begäran som skall uppfyllas av en kopia av innehållet, eventuellt minskande latens, vilket minskar trafiken stamnät, och minska belastningen på det ursprungliga innehållet servern. Ett av syftena med denna uppsats är att göra mer PSIRP innehåll tillgängligt och detta görs genom att införa en proxy som hanterar både HTTP och PSIRP förfrågningar, men har fått innehåll som en följd av en HTTP-svar offentliggörs denna data som PSIRP tillgängligt innehåll. Syftet är att främja införandet och innehållbaserade åtkomsten.

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are deployed increasingly all over the world, providing data that can help increase sustainable development. Currently in Uppsala, Sweden, the GreenIoT project monitors air pollution by using WSNs. The resource constrained nature of WSNs demand that special care is taken in the design of communication models and communication protocols. The publish-subscribe (pub/sub) model suits WSNs very well since it puts an intermediary the broker server between sensor nodes and clients, thus alleviating the workload of the sensor nodes. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is currently in the process of standardizing a pub/sub extension to the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Since the extension is such a recent addition to CoAP and not yet standardized, there are very few actual implementations of it and little is known of how it would work in practice. The GreenIoT project is considering replacement of their current pub/sub broker with the CoAP pub/sub broker since its underlying implementation is likely to be more energy efficient and the standardizing organization behind CoAP is the well-esteemed IETF. On a general level, this report offers an investigation of the problems and challenges faced when implementing the CoAP pub/sub extension with respect to design choices, implementation and protocol ambiguities. More specifically, a CoAP pub/sub broker is implemented for the GreenIoT project. By means of carefully analyzing the CoAP protocol and CoAP pub/sub draft as well as other necessary protocols, then proceeding to make decisions of what programming language to use as well as what existing CoAP library to use, a broker server was implemented and tested iteratively as the work proceeded. The implementation gave rise to several questions regarding the pub/sub draft which are also discussed in the report. / Den hastiga utvecklingen av Sakernas Internet över hela världen har medfört ett ökat användande av trådlösa sensornätverk vars datainsamling kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling. För närvarande använder sig GreenIoT-projektet i Uppsala av trådlösa sensornätverk för att övervaka halterna av luftföroreningar. Resursbegränsningarna för dylika nätverk medför att särskild hänsyn måste tas vid design av såväl kommunikationsmodeller som kommunikationsprotokoll. Modellen Publicera-Prenumerera (pub/pre) passar ypperligt för trådlösa sensornätverk då en mellanhand placeras mellan klient och server en s.k. broker vilket får den positiva effekten att att sensornoderna avlastas. För närvarande är IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) i färd med att standardisera en pub/pre-utvidgning av det redan standardiserade CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol). Eftersom att utvidgningen är så pass ny finns ytterst få implementationer av den och man vet därmed väldigt lite om hur den faktiskt fungerar i praktiken. GreenIoT-projektet överväger att ersätta sin nuvarande pub/pre-broker med en CoAP pub/pre-broker eftersom att energianvändningen kan antas bli lägre samt att standardiseringsorganisationen bakom CoAP är det välrenommerade IETF. Sett ur ett större perspektiv erbjuder denna rapport en undersökning av de problem och utmaningar man ställs inför vid implementation av CoAP pub/pre-utvidgningen med avseende på designval, implementationsval, och protokolltvetydigheter. Mer konkret implementeras en CoAP pub/pre-broker åt GreenIoT-projektet. Genom att först noggrant analysera CoAP-protokollet, CoAP pub/pre-utkastet, liksom andra nödvändiga protokoll, för att därefter bestämma vilket programmeringsspråk och vilket existerande CoAP-bibliotek som skulle användas, implementerades en broker server som testades iterativt under processens gång. Ett flertal frågor som uppstod rörande pub/pre-utkastet presenteras och diskuteras i rapporten.

Along with the rise of smart phones, Google announced a mobile platform named Android, having the advantages of open source, free, etc, had become one of the popular mobile development platforms. But there are following restrictions on the file sharing of the smart phones: 1. The File Sharing between mobiles is used frequently, but the APP of the File Sharing in Google play contains user sharing their files on the same LAN, can¡¦t share on the WAN. 2. The cloud storage space has the file sharing strategy on WAN, but doesn¡¦t on LAN. 3. File sharing of mobile devices always hope to be able to share file through one-to-many Push, delivery to the nearby users but the app of the smart phone file sharing don¡¦t have this function. Therefore, this thesis architects a File Sharing platform, which is based on social networks, passing through pub/sub pattern to sharing files.In the File Sharing System, if users are on the same LAN can share files directly. We implement one-to-many file sharing system, so that users can obtain files automatically. If on the WAN, files are delivered by the intermediary server. This System also supports Multimedia streaming, users can play media from Server; need not download files in the local device. This paper use protocol buffer to the communication between devices, compared with the current common XML, JSON and other common file formats, there is a better package rates and privacy, and provides a convenient user interface to share files.

Studien utgår ifrån ett interaktionistiskt och socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv och har till syfte att studera och jämföra beteende och social interaktion i två olika krogmiljöer. Frågeställningarna berör flera delar av interaktion, bland annat kroppsspråk och umgänge. För att undvika försköningar av verkligheten och studera beteenden i en kontext används observation som metod Detta genom en kvalitativ undersökning där händelser och beteenden fokuseras. I observationerna fokuseras olika typer av grupperingar, hur personer tar kontakt med varandra, hur personer använder sig av kroppsspråket och blicken, om det förekommer beröring och vilket avstånd personer håller till varandra. Fokus ligger även på hur personer använder sig av rummet, till exempel var och hur man placerar sig i rummet och även den rådande normen kring utseende. Materialet från observationerna bearbetas med hjälp av en modifierad kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att sedan kopplas samman med tidigare presenterade teorier. Resultaten visar på att kroppsspråk är ett viktigt verktyg för att kommunicera och interagera i krogmiljön. Det vanligaste sättet att ta kontakt är genom dansen och beteende och interaktion förändras över tid, vilket i studien kan ses genom att kontaktförsöken ökar under kvällens gång. Studien visar även att det finns tydliga normer i utseende, vilka skiljer sig åt mellan de båda undersökta krogmiljöerna. / The study is based on an interactionist and social constructionist perspective and aims to study and compare the behavior and social interaction in two different pub/nightclub environments. The study concentrates on several aspects of the interaction such as body language and socializing. It is a qualitative study in which events and behaviors are focused on using observation as a method. This to avoid embellishment of reality and to study the behavior in a context. The focus of the observation is different types of groupings, how people make contact with each other, how people use their body language and make eye contact, if there is touching involved in contact and what kind of distance people are maintaining from each other. How individuals are using the room, where and how they position themselves in the room and the norms surrounding appearance are focused on as well. The material from the observations is processed using a modified content analysis and then linked together with previously presented theories. The study shows that body language is an important instrument for communicating and interacting in the pub/nightclub environment and that the most common way to make contact is through dance. The study also shows that behavior and interactions changes over time, as the observation showed increased attempts to make contact during the evening. Another result of the study shows distinct rules in appearance. These rules differ between the two investigated pub/nightclub environments.

This thesis is concerned with modern and dynamically developing worldwide business method that is called franchising. In this thesis are described three selected franchise concepts operating on the Czech market originally from the Czech Republic. Examined concepts are from the field of gastronomy and these concepts are Svejk Restaurant, Potrefena husa and The PUB. The opening part introduces theoretical basis and analysis of the Czech franchising market in the trade and service sector. In main part of this thesis is carried out an analysis of selected concepts and are examined objectives of the thesis. The main objective is to evaluate the economic and business efficiency of selected franchise concepts. To achieve this objective is used a comparative analysis of the concepts according to established criteria. The first partial objective is to determine interest of potential entrepreneurs about the selected concepts, which is identified by questionnaire. The second partial objective is to evaluate selected concepts and proposing of innovative processes.

No description available.

The diploma thesis focuses on the ‚skaz' narrative on the example of the literary work of Bohumil Hrabal and Jaroslav Rudiš. The theoretical definition and main features of this narrative strategy are based on the works of Boris Ejchenbaum, Viktor Vinogradov, Wolf Schmid, and Miroslav Drozda. The thesis also introduces a Czech variant of ‚skaz' in the form of a ‚pub story', defined by Emanuel Frynta and Václav Černý. The following analytical chapters are devoted to ‚skaz' in the literary work of Bohumil Hrabal and Jaroslav Rudiš. Finally, the characteristics of ‚skaz' in the work of both authors are compared.

This research tests the value of push and pull communication on Facebook in the first effort to test the validity of the Pub Principle and Social Intrusion Theory. This theory explains how audiences engage in a tug-of-war with commercial forces during mass communication and that commercial messaging is ultimately dependent upon the acceptance or rejection of its intended audience. The pub principle explains that social media is unlike traditional mass media and that the rules commercial forces must play by are different than for other mass media. Using a mixed-method approach, this research confirms the validity of this principle and theory. It finds that Facebook users spend significantly less time looking at push content like paid advertisements than at pull content like fan pages. This research also shows that audiences prefer dealing with pull content over push content on Facebook. The Pub Principle and Social Intrusion Theory are therefore supported by this research.

<p>Streamflow prediction in ungauged basins (PUB) is a process generating streamflow time series at ungauged reaches in a river network. PUB is essential for facilitating various engineering tasks such as managing stormwater, water resources, and water-related environmental impacts. Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for PUB using its generalization process to capture the streamflow generation processes from hydrological datasets (observations). ML’s generalization process is impacted by two major components: data splitting process of observations and the architecture design. To unveil the potential limitations of ML’s generalization process, this dissertation explores its robustness and associated uncertainty. More precisely, this dissertation has three objectives: (1) analyzing the potential uncertainty caused by the data splitting process for ML modeling, (2) investigating the improvement of ML models’ performance by incorporating hydrological processes within their architectures, and (3) identifying the potential biases in ML’s generalization process regarding the trend and periodicity of streamflow simulations.</p><p>The first objective of this dissertation is to assess the sensitivity and uncertainty caused by the regular data splitting process for ML modeling. The regular data splitting process in ML was initially designed for homogeneous and stationary datasets, but it may not be suitable for hydrological datasets in the context of PUB studies. Hydrological datasets usually consist of data collected from diverse watersheds with distinct streamflow generation regimes influenced by varying meteorological forcing and watershed characteristics. To address the potential inconsistency in the data splitting process, multiple data splitting scenarios are generated using the Monte Carlo method. The scenario with random data splitting results accounts for frequent covariate shift and tends to add uncertainty and biases to ML’s generalization process. The findings in this objective suggest the importance of avoiding the covariate shift during the data splitting process when developing ML models for PUB to enhance the robustness and reliability of ML’s performance.</p><p>The second objective of this dissertation is to investigate the improvement of ML models’ performance brought by Physics-Guided Architecture (PGA), which incorporates ML with the rainfall abstraction process. PGA is a theory-guided machine learning framework integrating conceptual tutors (CTs) with ML models. In this study, CTs correspond to rainfall abstractions estimated by Green-Ampt (GA) and SCS-CN models. Integrating the GA model’s CTs, which involves information on dynamic soil properties, into PGA models leads to better performance than a regular ML model. On the contrary, PGA models integrating the SCS-CN model's CTs yield no significant improvement of ML model’s performance. The results of this objective demonstrate that the ML’s generalization process can be improved by incorporating CTs involving dynamic soil properties.</p><p>The third objective of this dissertation is to explore the limitations of ML’s generalization process in capturing trend and periodicity for streamflow simulations. Trend and periodicity are essential components of streamflow time series, representing the long-term correlations and periodic patterns, respectively. When the ML models generate streamflow simulations, they tend to have relatively strong long-term periodic components, such as yearly and multiyear periodic patterns. In addition, compared to the observed streamflow data, the ML models display relatively weak short-term periodic components, such as daily and weekly periodic patterns. As a result, the ML’s generalization process may struggle to capture the short-term periodic patterns in the streamflow simulations. The biases in ML’s generalization process emphasize the demands for external knowledge to improve the representation of the short-term periodic components in simulating streamflow.</p>

Increases in alcohol availability have caused crime rates to escalate across multiple regions around the world. As individuals consume alcohol they experience impaired judgment and a dose-response escalation in aggression that, for some, leads to criminal behaviour. By limiting alcohol availability it is possible to reduce crime; however, the literature remains mixed on the best practices for alcohol access restrictions. Variances in data quality and statistical methods have created an inconsistency in the reported effects of price, hour of sales, and alcohol outlet restrictions on crime. Most notably, the research findings are influenced by the different effects of alcohol establishments on crime. The objective of this PhD research was to develop novel quantitative approaches to establish the extent alcohol access (outlets) influences the frequency of crime (liquor, disorder, violent) at a fine level of spatial detail (x,y locations and block groups). Analyses were focused on British Columbia’s largest cities where policies are changing to allow greater alcohol access, but little is known about the crime-alcohol access relationship. Two reviews were conducted to summarize and contrast the effects of alcohol access restrictions (price, hours of sales, alcohol outlet density) on crime, and evaluate the state-of-the-art in statistical methods used to associate crime with alcohol availability. Results highlight key methodological limitations and fragmentation in alcohol policy effects on crime across multiple disciplines. Using a spatial data science approach, recommendations were made to increase spatial detail in modelling to limit the scale effects on crime-alcohol association. Providing guidelines for alcohol-associated crime reduction, kernel density space-time change detection methods were also applied to provide the first evaluation of active policing on alcohol-associated crime in the Granville St. entertainment district of Vancouver, British Columbia. Foot patrols were able to reduce the spatial density of crime, but hot spots of liquor and violent assaults remained within 60m proximity to bars (nightclubs). To estimate the association between alcohol establishment size, and type on disorder and violent crime reports in block groups across Victoria, British Columbia a Poisson Generalized Linear Model with spatial lag effects was applied. Estimates provided the factor increase (1.0009) expected in crime for every additional patron seat added to an establishment capacity, and indicated that establishments should be spaced greater than 300m a part to significantly reduce alcohol-associated crime. These results offer the first evaluation of seating capacity and establishment spacing on alcohol-associated crime for alcohol license decision making, and are pertinent at a time when alcohol policy reform is being prioritized by the British Columbia government. In summary, this dissertation contributes 1) cross-disciplinary policy and methodological reviews, 2) expands the application of spatial statistics to alcohol-attributable crime research, 3) advances knowledge on local scale of effects of different alcohol establishment types on crime, 4) and develops transferable models to estimate the effects of alcohol establishment seating capacity and proximity between establishments on the frequency of crime. / Graduate / 2018-02-27