For more than twenty years, the issue of setting up gamming industry in Penghu has continually deepened, and is turning into an official agenda. Thus, the government must take serious and careful action after through the scrutinized evaluation, rather merely a public concern. This research is based on the consultation framework of integrated public affairs administration to analyze Penghu¡¦s historical process of striving for the tourism gamming industry and to discuss the reasons of postponement from social, economic, political and governmental views. The dilemma of local development in Penghu results from the lack of public discussion and the failure of public policymakings. This study therefore aims, by using IM of NGT methods, to effectively communicate with the public participators, and to initiate the focus of the interactive conference to perceive ¡§how to decrease the doubt of the counterforce about setting up casinos¡¨. In the interactive conference, participators reached the consensuses that the foundation lies in (1) holding trips to learn from existing casino; the planning phase should (2) actively strive for chief officials¡¦ support and (3) enhance positively to public security and (4) ensure financial distributed proportions; further implementation should (5) avoid interventions by politicians, (6) ensure the proportions of locals employment, and (7) to emphasize the necessity of developing casinos in Penghu and (8) to invite people from every status to expand related activities; and, the last requests are to (9) hold public hearing and statement to decrease people¡¦s suspicion and (10) set up the White Paper of Casinos for Penghu for future guidance. Two tests of questionnaires before and after the NGT were set for each observer in the conference to examine the participant satisfaction, NGT interactive conference effectiveness, results of interactive learning, and affirmation of defining and differentiating problems in order to solve a complex and mal-organized issue.

Recently, implementing Public Affairs Management (PAM) educational program, and increasing the graduate¡¦s abilities and management quality have become important issues for establishing postmodern public involvement citizenship. In other words, how to instruct a modern citizen to participate in the civic society relies mostly on the education avenue. However, there existed different promoting experiences of PAM education among Taiwan, China and the U.S.A. However due to the social context and history in each country, there existed each own strength and focus. Hence, to discern and compare the PAM course structures cross-nationally and to spotlight the direction and development of PAM education program in the future became the researcher¡¦s interest. This study contained 16 universities offering executive professional master programs of MPA (Master of Public Administration, MPA) in Taiwan and 24 universities in China as research subjects. Six universities in the U.S.A. were selected for the comparison purpose. ¡§Integrated Reference Framework for Public Affairs Management¡¨ was applied as the analysis model to compare these courses. The study aims were below: (1) to review the explicitness and reflectivity of this framework; (2) to present the main characteristics of PAM education courses structure dimension; (3) to discover the denotation between universities in Taiwan and China; and (4) to contribute to PAM education course design in the future. The findings of this study were summarized: 1. Quantification analysis results After conducting Hayashi¡¦s quantification theory analysis with MPA education courses structured from universities in Taiwan and China, and incorporating with representative universities in the U.S.A., this study extracted three characteristics as the following: (1) Sixteen universities in Taiwan reflected ¡§phenomenal side¡¨, ¡§essential side¡¨ and focused on postmodern issues. The main crucial courses could be categorized into institutional analysis and design, Taiwan-China politics and policy issues, product-quality management and innovation. (2) Twenty-four universities in China reflected ¡§phenomenal side¡¨, ¡§essential side¡¨, ¡§conditional side¡¨ and focused on modern issues. The main courses could be categorized into institutional analysis and design, science-technology policies, and information technology management. (3) Six universities in the U.S.A. reflected ¡§phenomenal side¡¨, ¡§essential side¡¨ and ¡§conditional side¡¨ and focused on postmodern issues. Furthermore, they influenced the universities in both Taiwan and China. The main courses could be categorized into institutional analysis and design, science-technology policies, information technology management, and rural-urban housing development and transportation. 2. Qualitative interview analysis results The qualitative research data were collected through in-depth interviewing with the professors lecturing at the PAM education institutions. The findings suggested: (1) When designing education course, the department shall take technical rationality and philosophical thoughts of administration into consideration. (2) The PAM courses shall aim to create its localized theories instead of replicating the foreign ones. Otherwise, the interviewees suggested that a critical thinking and the ability to modify the theories were essential. (3) PAM policies could be practiced with sustainable perspectives and these policies shall take whole-person education as one of the purposes. (4) PAM courses could integrate and strengthen theory and practices, in order to broaden the scopes of academics and researches. (5) When the universities and the departments set up a goal of transformation and development, the identity crisis should be concerned. (6) The interviewees suggested that the university could set up the school of public affairs to emphasize its status in education. Key Words¡G public administration, public management, public affairs management, education system, Hayashi¡¦s quantification theory.

According to governmental delegation-authority and people¡¦s trust, police authority acts as guardians in public field to maintain social order and serve the public as well as a carrying-gun group. However, at present, the so-called people¡¦s police are still restricted because of extrinsic influences and complicated environment. Moreover, they are still satisfied with immersing in subjective achievements. Therefore, it is a pity that they rarely make efforts to analyze and resolve deep-rooted problems. In a pluralist society, in order to manifest governmental effectiveness, police duty must pursuit perfection to meet more and more complicated public issues. Consequently, it is essential to define the implementation of corn value. Namely, it is to deeply discuss and analyze the value definition of research issues, and insist on the principles of planning, making decision objectively, judging subjectively, analyzing, managing and operating practice, realizing society changes and controlling trend with macro perspectives and micro angles to predict the future by reviewing the past so as to combine knowing and doing. This research referred to the viewpoint of ¡§An Integrated Public Affairs Management Framework¡¨ planned by Ming-Shen Wang to discuss the casual relation in the dramatic changes of Kaohsiung society and deeply analyze on the main police functions with V.C.S. strategic management method and focused on promoting the capacity of police organization to draw appropriate projects from out-of-date issue of police on-the-job training education to look forward to advancing police professional functions and response citizens¡¦ eager expectation.

After the opening and reform in 1978, Mainland China has undergone economic development for 30 years and is currently the fourth largest economic body in the world. Taiwan, on the other hand, has not been able to response actively and began industrial distribution when faced with the impact of the rise of China. Taiwan adopted a closed-door policy that caused the migration of industries and resulted in hollowing-out and marginalization. This phenomenon is particularly serious in Kaohsiung that is dominated by traditional industry that caused steady high unemployment rates. After the new government took office, the interactions between the straits became frequent, and that created a valuable development opportunity for Kaohsiung. This study takes the integrated framework for public affairs management to analyze the difficulties encountered in the development of Kaohsiung. With ¡§Strategy of Cross-Strait Harbor City Cooperation to Promote Talent Development in Kaohsiung in Response to Direct Flight ¡¨ as the research topic, this study utilizes interactive management (IM) to conduct rational debates from various perspectives. After two discussions, 12 strategies were concluded and their implementation order has been conducted through interpretative structural mode (ISM). The strategies are as follows: The Kaohsiung City Government shall: 1. Establish the ¡§Mainland China Affairs Office¡¨ to be responsible for talents in China to study or work in Taiwan; 2. Amend or establish relevant laws and regulations on the cross-strait exchange; 3. Consolidate the investment of private business to improve the performance of school in order to cultivate local talents through school performance while recruiting talents from China; 4. Lift laws and regulations to utilize public manpower and organization flexibly; The schools shall: 5. Establish departments and research projects regarding harbor city development; 6. Recruit internationally renowned scholars to conduct short-term courses in higher education; 7. Organize relevant workshops for teachers to understand the background and policy of cultural exchange across the straits; The government and the private sector may: 8. Establish a certification mechanism to recognize degrees across the straits; 9. Plan and establish a perfect science park; 10. Include professionals from China into the scope of the current foreign workers for special professions or technical assignments; 11. Provide attractive incentives to attract professionals and students from China to Kaohsiung; To accomplish the goal: 12. Provide attractive incentives to attract business to establish operational headquarters in Kaohsiung in order to promote the development of Kaohsiung. This study also examines 1. The view on establishing offices in Kaohsiung and the major cities in China such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc. to reinforce the marketing of cities and conduct cross-strait harbor city cooperation; 2. How the Kaohsiung City Government attracts tourists from China; and 3. How the Kaohsiung City Government shall prepare to respond to the opening of the cross-strait relations. Through expert interviews, this study aims to provide substantial and feasible strategic recommendations.

Taiwan has been practicing The National Health Insurance (NHI) more than ten years. Under the regulations of the NHI policy, almost all hospitals have encountered challenges and difficulties in their business operation. Therefore, figuring out how to move on from these obstacles and to create more profitable opportunities have become the primary tasks for the hospitals. Now, facing a global economic downturn, while the conventional and electronic industries are in recession, the healthcare industry in Kaohsiung City will need to take more actions in order to survive such a crisis and create new opportunities. Taiwan¡¦s neighboring countries, such as Thailand, Singapore, South Korea and India have been actively opening up their healthcare industry markets and earning considerable amount of money from foreign patients, creating many job opportunities. What Kaohsiung City could learn from these countries¡¦ successful experiences in order to benefit and help develop its own healthcare industry is the focus of this dissertation. Since 2005, a three-year project ¡V healthcare tourism, has been carrying out. It was practiced in Kenting only for half a year, and there are many reasons resulted in the short life of this project. Years later, the present Ma Ying-Jiu government vows to redevelop the healthcare industry. However, the key to the success of such a project is whether the government has the resolution to clear up unnecessary, restraining regulations and laws, and to set up responsible organizations in order to help the development of the healthcare industry. After the Three Linkages ¡V direct postal, trade, and transportation ¡V between Taiwan and the Mainland China were reconnected at 2008 December 15, the relation between the two straits is less intense. The Kaohsiung City Major, Miss Chen Ju, as the major of the host city of the World Game 2009, went to Beijing and Shanghai to promote this event. This trip has political and economical significances, which continue impacting on the relationship between Taiwan and Mainland China and were reflected on several important Democratic Progressive Party members¡¦ recent, frequent visits of China. How these phenomena would influence on the development of the healthcare industry in Kaohsiung City is still under observation. This dissertation uses Dr. Wan Ming-Sheng¡¦s Consultation Framework of Integrated Public Affairs Administration as the main theory, through in-depth interviews with governors and professional experts in the fields of healthcare and travelling, this research is able to conclude the following practicable strategies, regarding their value, practicability and support, for the development of the healthcare industry of Kaohsiung City: 1. Now it is a good timing for Kaohsiung City to develop its healthcare industry. The city should use all the advantages it possesses and take initiative moves. 2. Beauty and Healthcare Tourism Promotion Association of Kaohsiung City is already established. The association is advised to be promoted and led by non-governmental directors. 3. The healthcare tourism should list Hong Kong and Macao people as primary sale targets; the secondary should be the Mainland Chinese and Chinese people from other countries. 4. Necessary measures should be carried out in order to prevent malign sale competitions which would bring down the quality of the healthcare service in Kaohsiung City. 5. Kaohsiung City should take the advantage of hosting the World Game 2009 to promote its strength in healthcare service, such as and particularly health checks. 6. The government should face and respond with an active attitude towards the requests from the healthcare industry and release the industry from unhelpful, restraining laws. Healthcare can be and is a business. 7. The central government should take other Asian countries¡¦ successful experiences as models, and sets up cross-section supervisory sectors responsible mainly for directing issues regarding healthcare tourism.

This narrative chronicles the development of the utility scale wind industry in Texas from the perspective of the people who made it possible. It also looks ahead at the challenges facing the most mature green power sector in the United States. / text

This paper conducts rankings on political science and public administration journals based on a database of citations for all articles within a set of 200 journals, during 2010-2013. This paper contributes to prior literature within the realm of Political Science, by tabulating journal rankings through non-traditional means. While rankings of political science and public administration journals have traditionally been dominated by a survey-based approach, recent advancements in technology have allowed researchers to conduct more subjective rankings based upon a bibliometric approach. However, the majority of these citational rankings utilize obscure metrics, which do not correspond directly to the number of citations a potential author can expect. This paper attempts to provide readers with more concrete metrics, which translate directly to how many citations an author can expect. This study tabulates journals based on three main metrics: Median Number of Citations, Citation Percentage, and 90th Percentile of Citations. This study identifies Transportation Research Part B, American Political Science Review, International Organization, American Journal of Political Science and Transportation Research Part A, as the top five journals within the set of 200 political science and public administration journals.

The recent shooting of unarmed teenager Michael Brown by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri rekindled the age-old debate of how the authority of the state to enact the law and guard public safety, specifically in terms of police use of deadly force, ought to properly be balanced against citizens’ rights. The social consequences of this incident illustrate the profound importance of policy governing this issue. This thesis provides an analysis of the governing Supreme Court precedent which informs this issue, as well as the state statutes of Missouri and the police department regulations of Ferguson, Seattle, Denver, and New Hampshire which govern the police use of deadly force. The application of these standards to varying scenarios of the Ferguson shooting serves to demonstrate how these standards operationalize and highlights the discrepancies that exist across jurisdictions in terms of restricting and evaluating police use of deadly force. Ultimately, ambiguity in the current standards, incongruities and difficulties in their implementation, as well as significant concerns of inherent injustice lead to the conclusion that the police use of deadly force should be limited to instances in which such force is necessary to protect human life or prevent serious physical injury.

This research investigated core business conflict that occurs amongst government agencies when working together in regional development projects and initiatives. The intent is to develop methods to manage this conflict and so enhance the delivery of regional development outcomes. The research problem explored is: ‘Government Department core business – managing the impact of potential conflicts on regional development projects and programs’The research involves three discipline areas – Government and governance, public sector management practices, and regional development. Government agency (GA) core business is determined by Government and delivered using public sector management practices that have shaped individual agency’s strategic plans, processes and systems for core business delivery. Regional development involves multiple agencies delivering their core business outcomes that contribute to regional development. Due to the focus by each agency on their own core business, core business conflict can occur when agencies work together.A literature review did not uncover literature or research about GA core business conflict, therefore this is a new area of investigation. The literature studies and reports investigated and discussed a related area – issues and impediment to Whole-of- Government (WOG) and ‘joined-up’ government initiatives.A qualitative inquiry methodology is used to build knowledge about this new area. The sample of participants is drawn from GAs’ staff who are involved in regional development projects and programs, or projects and programs that contribute to regional development. Data collection is through interviews and surveys with GAs’ representatives from 18 agencies, across three levels of Government and from two distinctly different regions (coastal and inland).Two aspects of core business conflict are investigated – fundamental core business conflict that involves the underpinning philosophy and ideology of an agency, and functional/operational core business conflicts that include the strategic plans, policies, procedures and systems involved in delivery of core business, which also influence the design of program and project guidelines, and determine funding and staff resourcing.Research findings contribute new knowledge and expand current knowledge regarding challenges and barriers to agencies working together. Findings also enhance the application of approaches and tools to facilitate effective WOG and collaborative agency work.The research has resulted in a ‘process’ model to resolve the research problem that applies a holistic and comprehensive operational approach to addressing core business conflict. The ‘process’ model builds on the research findings and draws on information and tools from the literature.The research has implications for theory, policy and practice in the three discipline areas involved in the research problem and as a new area investigated, has generated further research opportunities.

This research investigated core business conflict that occurs amongst government agencies when working together in regional development projects and initiatives. The intent is to develop methods to manage this conflict and so enhance the delivery of regional development outcomes. The research problem explored is: ‘Government Department core business – managing the impact of potential conflicts on regional development projects and programs’The research involves three discipline areas – Government and governance, public sector management practices, and regional development. Government agency (GA) core business is determined by Government and delivered using public sector management practices that have shaped individual agency’s strategic plans, processes and systems for core business delivery. Regional development involves multiple agencies delivering their core business outcomes that contribute to regional development. Due to the focus by each agency on their own core business, core business conflict can occur when agencies work together.A literature review did not uncover literature or research about GA core business conflict, therefore this is a new area of investigation. The literature studies and reports investigated and discussed a related area – issues and impediment to Whole-of- Government (WOG) and ‘joined-up’ government initiatives.A qualitative inquiry methodology is used to build knowledge about this new area. The sample of participants is drawn from GAs’ staff who are involved in regional development projects and programs, or projects and programs that contribute to regional development. Data collection is through interviews and surveys with GAs’ representatives from 18 agencies, across three levels of Government and from two distinctly different regions (coastal and inland).Two aspects of core business conflict are investigated – fundamental core business conflict that involves the underpinning philosophy and ideology of an agency, and functional/operational core business conflicts that include the strategic plans, policies, procedures and systems involved in delivery of core business, which also influence the design of program and project guidelines, and determine funding and staff resourcing.Research findings contribute new knowledge and expand current knowledge regarding challenges and barriers to agencies working together. Findings also enhance the application of approaches and tools to facilitate effective WOG and collaborative agency work.The research has resulted in a ‘process’ model to resolve the research problem that applies a holistic and comprehensive operational approach to addressing core business conflict. The ‘process’ model builds on the research findings and draws on information and tools from the literature.The research has implications for theory, policy and practice in the three discipline areas involved in the research problem and as a new area investigated, has generated further research opportunities.