nÃo hà / O efeito flypaper à um dos temas mais discutidos da literatura do federalismo fiscal, haja vista as distorÃÃes causadas pelo sistema de transferÃncias, pois os recursos advindos de transferÃncias tÃm um efeito mais estimulante sobre os gastos governamentais do que um aumento equivalente da renda privada da populaÃÃo residente. Diante disso, este trabalho, se propÃe a analisar se o comportamento dos gastos pÃblicos nos municÃpios cearenses condiz com a prÃtica definida pela literatura como efeito flypaper. Para tanto, utiliza-se da metodologia de dados em painel, uma vez que as informaÃÃes sobre gastos, arrecadaÃÃo, populaÃÃo, PIB e transferÃncias dos 184 municÃpios do Cearà compreende o perÃodo entre 1999 e 2009. Conforme os resultados aferidos pelo efeito marginal da renda, representados na funÃÃo gasto pelo PIB, supera o notado para a transferÃncia corrente. Pode-se concluir que a prÃtica descrita pela literatura como efeito flypaper nÃo condiz com a realidade das administraÃÃes municipais do CearÃ. / The flypaper effect is one of the most discussed topics of the literature of fiscal federalism, given that the distortions caused by the transfer system because the proceeds of transfers have a more stimulating effect on government spending than an equivalent increase in private income of the population resident. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the behavior of public expenditure in the municipalities of Cearà consistent with the practice adopted by the literature as flypaper effect. For this, we used the methodology of panel data, since the information about expenses, revenues, population, PIB and transfers of the 184 municipalities in Cearà covers the period between 1999 and 2009. According to the results measured by the marginal effect of income, represented by GDP spent in the function, overcomes noticed for the current transfer can be concluded that the practice described in the literature as flypaper effect is not consistent with the reality of municipalities in CearÃ.

O objeto da presente investigação consiste em apresentar um estudo sobre como o gasto público pode comprometer as metas de cumprimento da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. O estudo abrange a análise dos aspectos e peculiaridades do federalismo fiscal brasileiro, em face das dificuldades decorrentes da chamada guerra fiscal, deflagrada em virtude da autonomia dos entes federados, bem como pela busca de recursos tributários imediatos, a qualquer custo. No contexto da estrutura federativa, serão examinados os sucessivos projetos de reforma tributária. Ao final, serão propostas as possíveis soluções para a questão do descontrole da dívida pública, sob a perspectiva da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. O tema é pertinente, notadamente em face dos clamores da sociedade para um refreamento no aumento da carga tributária, que atingiu índices sem precedentes históricos, e da crescente pressão por aumento dos gastos públicos, principalmente os relacionados com a seguridade social, ensino, segurança e saúde pública. / The object of this research is to present a study on how public expenditure could undermine the goals of compliance with the Fiscal Responsibility Law. The study covers the analysis of the features and peculiarities of the Brazilian fiscal federalism, in the face of difficulties arising from the so-called fiscal war breaks out because of the autonomy of federated entities, as well as the pursuit of immediate tax resources at any cost. In the context of federal structure, shall be reviewed successive drafts of the tax reform. In the end, it will be proposed the possible solutions to the issue of uncontrolled public debt, from the perspective of the Fiscal Responsibility Law. The theme is relevant, especially in the face of claims of society for a slowing in the increase of tax burden, which reached historically unprecedented rates, and increased pressure for higher government expenditure, especially those related to social security, education, public safety and health.

This three-essay dissertation focuses on the political economy of fiscal rules in a comparative context and highlights their unintended consequences – an issue that has received relatively little attention in public financial management literature. The first essay examines whether numerical limits on deficits, or balanced budget rules, influence the composition of public spending, particularly in the social sector. Using a combination of fixed effects and GMM regressions on a large panel of developed and developing economies, this essay finds that while deficit targets are effective in improving fiscal balances, they also tend to reduce social spending on health and social protection. This effect is particularly prominent in democratic countries, which often witness overspending problems. Countries that are considering adoption of such rules should carefully examine the effects of these requirements on expenditures that may have long-term positive externalities. Policymakers should explore mechanisms to minimize the distortionary effects of fiscal limits on spending composition. The second essay focusses on whether the adoption of deficit targets by subnational governments in India influenced the composition of public spending. Using a combination of fixed effects and GMM regressions, this essay finds that the adoption of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) legislation by Indian states improved their budget balances significantly. However, the post-FRBM period also witnessed significant cuts in development spending. Furthermore, states have reduced their capital outlay and social spending after the adoption of fiscal responsibility laws. Reduced expenditure on development, and capital projects may affect long-term economic growth, therefore future amendments to the FRBM law should explore mechanisms to minimize the distortionary impacts of fiscal targets on the composition of subnational spending. The third essay shifts attention to the effect of supermajority voting requirements on credit ratings and borrowing costs in the subnational debt market in the United States. Using a combination of generalized ordered logit and linear regression analyses on a sample of general obligation bonds issued by American state governments between 2001 and 2014, this essay finds that states with supermajority voting requirements for tax increases are more likely to receive a lower credit rating on their bonds. Furthermore, on average, the states with a supermajority voting requirement pay a premium of 18 to 21 basis points in true interest cost for their bonds. States that are considering adopting supermajority requirements should consider the unintended effects in terms of lower credit ratings and higher borrowing costs while adopting or designing such fiscal rules. The findings of this dissertation inform the policy debate on the subject and improve our understanding of the impact of fiscal institutions that are being increasingly adopted to regulate the behavior of governments across the world.

Thesis is concerned with transferred competency of municipalities and its financing. There has come through a reform of public administration in the Czech Republic not long ago, which transferred a part of execution of state administration to municipalities. Thesis summarizes legal basis on which this process is realized. It also describes typology of municipalities and the extent of its transferred competence. Main part of this thesis is focused on analysis of transferred competency financing. Object of the thesis is to prove or to disprove an idea that the municipalities have to use their own funds to finance the execution of the state administration.

This paper investigates the effects of the composition of public spending together with the impact of fiscal decentralization on growth for a set of four Central European countries over the period from 1995 to 2010. The main contribution to the current literature arises from the fact that for the first time, this paper examines a possible common trend of the variables which may lead to misleading results if left untreated. Indeed, most variables suffered from this problem. The interpretation of obtained results must therefore take this issue into account. We found that expenditure on education and defence seems to have positive and significant impact on economic growth. On the contrary, economic affairs consistently exhibit a negative and significant impact on the growth rate. In addition, fiscal decentralization seems to be beneficial for economic growth of the concerned countries. Furthermore, the implication of a strong negative impact of economic affairs is robust regarding different specifications, and especially with respect to the common trend issue.

This work aims to analyze current expenditures from the state budget in the years 2005 -- 2010 and the covering of public income. The first chapter deals with the public as a source of revenue for public expenditure. Following chapter explains the theoretical foundations of public spending. The first two chapters each contain a basic definition, a member of this type and structure of public finances. The third and final chapter is devoted to the practical part of my work. Here is carried out detailed analysis of revenue and expenditure of the Czech Republic state budget. I focused mainly on the generic division and then to the more comprehensive examination of current expenditure. Analysis of public revenue and expenditure is made based on macroeconomic indicators Czech Republic, then in itself dependent on public revenues and public spending trend analysis and individual annual changes. The conclusion stated evaluation and analysis are also formulated proposals and recommendations arising from it.

The aim of this diploma thesis is an attempt to reveal a regularity and dependence in spatial distribution of the pork barrel (i.e. the parliamentary grants) in the case of Czechia in 2003-2009. Moreover, the thesis attempts to identify some undermining factors of the proven spatial pattern in allocation of pork barrel financial sources. The selection of supported projects highly depends on subjective preferences of particular deputies being influenced by many factors. Accordingly, the diploma thesis examines a role of the spatial distribution of deputies' places of living and their influences on the spatial allocation of the pork barrel through the state budget being approved in the Lower House.

La gestion par la performance est l’aboutissement des efforts de longue haleine entrepris par les pays les plus avancés afin de moderniser le fonctionnement de leurs administrations. D’ores et déjà, la nouvelle tendance libérale amorcée par ces pays, du fait de la globalisation, amène toutes les autorités publiques à travers le monde à repenser leur approche managériale de manière, non seulement à permettre une meilleure allocation des moyens budgétaires, mais aussi afin de se doter d'un dispositif de pilotage ayant pour but, d’améliorer l’efficacité de la dépense publique pour atteindre des résultats prédéfinis.Dans cette perspective, l’Algérie à l’image d’autres pays en développement, a enclenché tout un processus de modernisation de son système budgétaire, baptisé "MSB". Elle cherche ainsi à améliorer son mode de fonctionnement, en s’orientant de plus en plus vers une gestion performante des recettes issues de la rente pétrolière. Cela est d’autant plus nécessaire que les dysfonctionnements actuels appellent un besoin réel d'assainissement pour le redressement économique, et le déploiement rationnel et transparent des dépenses publiques.Cette thèse s’inscrit dans l’analyse de cette démarche. Elle cherche à révéler les grands axes retenus pour la mise en place de la budgétisation programme en Algérie, ainsi que l'analyse détaillée du projet de la LOLF algérienne, une option qui apparaît plus pressante pour réviser en profondeur la loi n° 84-17 du 7 juillet 1984 relative aux lois de finance. Elle vise à décrire à la fois la prise de conscience interne quant à la nécessité de réformer le système en vigueur, ainsi que les réformes suggérées ou "imposés" par le Fonds monétaire international (FMI), et la Banque Mondiale.La démonstration faite par notre étude vise à retracer les influences de l'héritage juridique et des pratiques budgétaires françaises sur les finances publiques algériennes. Avec un système miné par des pesanteurs sociologiques et un environnement mal préparé à une mutation d'ampleur, l’environnement actuel peine à être réceptif aux exigences de résultats. / The management by result is the outcome of long efforts that has been adopted by the most developed countries in order to modernize their administrations' performance. Already, the new liberal trend initiated by these countries, as a result of globalization, leads all public authorities around the world to rethink their approach to management so that not only allow a better allocation of budgetary resources, but also in order to develop a control device aimed to improve the efficiency of public spending to achieve predefined results.In this context, Algeria, like other developing countries, initiated a whole process of modernization of the budgetary system, called "MSB", it seeks to improve its operation by moving increasingly towards a efficient management of revenues from the oil returns. This is necessary while current problems require a real need for economic recovery, rational and transparent deployment of public expenditure.In fact, this thesis aims to analyze this approach. It seeks to reveal the major axes for the implementation of the budgeting program in Algeria, and a detailed analysis of the LOLF Algerian project, an option that appears more urgent to revise law n° 84-17 of 7 July 1984 concerning finance laws. It aims to describe both the internal awareness about the need to reform the current system and the proposed reforms or "imposed" by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.The demonstration in this study aims to show the influences of legal heritage and French budgetary practices on Algerian public finances. With a system undermined by sociological links that is poorly prepared for a major change, the current environment is hardly receptive to performing requirements.

Objectives: The main aim of this work is to evaluate the current system of sports financing from public sources in the Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, analysis of sports funding system from public budgets in selected EU countries try to create a new system of financing sport that is stable, systematic, transparent, efficient, and sustainable development. Methods: The work used the method of analysis and comparative. Analysis method was applied when examining the current financing system in the Czech Republic and in selected foreign countries. The method of comparison was then used to compare the information gathered from various funding schemes. Results: The results suggest that the sports sector in the Czech Republic is deeply underfunded, despite what economic and social benefits of each sport brings. In order to improve the current system are proposed partial measures, aimed at long-term support for the concept of the sport in the country. Partial proposals based on an analysis of the financing of sport in the Czech Republic and the subsequent comparison with selected systems in selected EU countries. Key words: public expenditures, financing of sport, institucionalizace, system of funding

Getúlio Vargas foi um dos principais governantes brasileiros a ser denominado de populista, inclusive pela literatura acadêmica, embora mais com foco na área política do que por suas ações no campo da economia. A hipótese do trabalho, confirmada pela pesquisa, é que a política econômica praticada pelo Governo Vargas, durante o Estado Novo, não apresentou circunstâncias previstas nos modelos de populismo econômico. Para tanto, a investigação consubstanciou-se na análise de discursos realizados por Getúlio Vargas e pelo seu Ministro da Fazenda, Artur de Souza Costa, e na verificação da caracterização dos resultados de suas medidas na economia, especialmente os relacionados às finanças públicas e à taxa de inflação. Em termos gerais, tanto as possíveis convicções interpretadas nos discursos, quanto a observação do desempenho dos dados quantitativos, alguns influenciados pela conjuntura econômica internacional restritiva, acarretada pela Segunda Guerra Mundial, demonstraram que não há evidências que possibilitem afirmar que, devido aos últimos oito anos de seu primeiro governo, Getúlio Vargas possa ser chamado de populista por conta das peculiaridades de sua política econômica. / Getúlio Vargas was one of the main Brazilian rulers to be called populist, including in academic literature, although with more of a focus on his role in politics than for his actions in the field of economics. The hypothesis of the work, confirmed by the research, is that the economic policy practised by the Vargas Government, during the New State, did not produce the circumstances predicted in the models of economic populism. The investigation was based on the analysis of speeches made by Getúlio Vargas and his Finance Minister, Artur de Souza Costa, and on the verification of the characterisation of the results of his economic measures, especially those related to public finances and rates of inflation and exchange. In general terms, the possible convictions interpreted in the speeches and the observation of the quantitative data performance, some influenced by the restrictive international economic situation caused by the Second World War, showed that there is no evidence making it possible to state that, due to the last eight years of his first government, Getúlio Vargas could be called populist because of the peculiarities of his economic policy.