Unter dem Eindruck einer zunehmenden Einengung finanzieller Spielräume entwickelt die öffentliche Hand Strategien zur Haushaltskonsolidierung, die über den Einsatz des Neuen Steuerungsmodells hinausgehen. Eine zentrale Bedeutung im Rahmen der Verwaltungsoptimierung nehmen aufgaben- und organisationskritische Ansätze ein. Letztgenannte umfassen Überlegungen, wie durch eine Ablösung hergebrachter behördlicher Strukturen nachhaltige Entlastungseffekte ausgelöst werden können. Das Organisationsrecht kennt hierfür auf allen Verwaltungsebenen grundsätzlich zahlreiche Ausgestaltungen von der Beleihung Privater Dritter über Beteiligungsgesellschaften, Anstalten oder Stiftungen bis hin zu Regiebetrieben. Die verbleibenden Möglichkeiten einer Einflussnahme durch Politik und Verwaltung gestalten sich. Im Interesse einer hinreichenden Steuerung durch politische und administrative Leitungsinstanzen erfahren Landesbetriebe nach § 26 der Landeshaushaltsordnungen in den letzten Jahren in vielen Landesverwaltungen eine Renaissance. Obgleich die betreffende Ermächtigung seit 1969 im Haushaltsrecht verankert ist und bereits Gegenstand der Reichshaushaltsordnung war, liegen kaum systematisierte Erkenntnisse über den Einsatz dieser Organisationsform vor. In den Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungswissenschaften finden sich praktisch keine über den Wortlaut des Gesetzes und hierzu kaum ergangene Verwaltungsvorschriften hinausgehenden Hilfestellungen. Die Arbeit widmet sich dem Modell „Landesbetrieb nach § 26 LHO“, indem sie damit verbundene Entwicklungspotenziale für ein betriebswirtschaftliches Handeln und Rahmenbedingungen seines Einsatzes beleuchtet. Sie stellt den Landesbetrieb dabei in ein Verhältnis zu Behörden, welche unter Anwendung von Elementen des Neuen Steuerungsmodells geführt werden und privatrechtlich ausgestalteten Unternehmen. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt eine vertiefte empirische Untersuchung der Landesbetriebe im amtlichen Geoinformationswesen, welche eine breite Aufgabenpalette aufweisen. Die in diesem Rahmen vollzogene Primäranalyse wird im Interesse einer Verbreiterung der Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse ergänzt um ausgewählte Sekundäranalysen zur praktischen Ausgestaltung weiterer Landesbetriebe insbesondere in den Bereichen Bau- und Liegenschaftsmanagement, Mess- und Eichwesen und der Datenverarbeitung. Ergänzend zu den deskriptiven Darstellungen der empirischen Betrachtung werden normative Betrachtungen für die einzelnen betriebswirtschaftlichen Funktionalbereiche vorgenommen soweit hier spezifische Problemstellungen in der Praxis der Landesbetriebe bekannt geworden sind. Im Ergebnis kommt die Arbeit zu der Erkenntnis, dass Landesbetriebe ein Entwicklungspotenzial über das Neue Steuerungsmodell hinaus bergen, dieses aber weniger als erwartet im Bereich der Finanzwirtschaft und damit in der tatsächlichen Haushaltskonsolidierung liegt, als vielmehr in der strukturellen Optimierung der Verhältnisse zwischen, Betriebsleitung, Kunden sowie administrativer und politischer Spitze und der Gestaltungsräume der einzelnen Akteure. / Due to a lack of financial flexibility the public sector develops strategies of budget consolidation, which go beyond the implementation of New Public Management. Doing this there is a focus on optimization by task and organisational criticism. Concerning organisational criticism this includes considerations, how it is possible to reach financial ease by replacing former official structures. Organisational law knows different possibilities on the administrative levels of the states and municipalities with different opportunities of influence by political and administrative leadership. In this context public utilities like mentioned in § 26 of budget laws became more and more important in the last years. Although they are known as an organisational option for years now, there is a lack of experience and systematic knowledge on this kind of administrative units. The dissertation lays emphasis on the possibilities of developing economic usage in these units and necessary or practised general conditions for their implementation. Public utilities in the sense of § 26 of budget laws are compared to authorities lead by the principles of New Public Management and private enterprises. There is at first an empirical examination of these kind of units established in the field of geodetic survey and spatial data, because of their broad spectrum of different kinds of tasks by primary analysis. It is completed by a sec-ondary analysis of practicism in further public utilities being responsible for example for real estate management, measuring and adjusting or technological infrastructures. The descriptive parts are supplemented by normative considerations on special economical, legal and organisational aspects in these public utilities like they are seen or known by affected people involved in the change from authorities to public utilities. As a result it is emphazised, that public utilities in the sense of § 26 of budget laws offer potencials for development going further than authorities lead by the principles of New Public Management. Never the less it is not the field of finance but organisation and steering, where the most important possibilities of structural redesign have to be seen. This concerns mostly the relationship between management, customers, stakeholder and politician or administrative leadership as far as flexibility of each individual participants.

This thesis deals with appropriate legislation concerning common utilities, such as infra-structural facilities and natural resources, which can regulate construction, maintenance, use and financing. Appropriate legislation can be viewed in the two main perspectives, effi-ciency and equity, and the thesis concerns primarily on efficiency. The purpose is to develop an analytical model, which can be used to facilitate structured assessments concerning the management of common utilities. The problem field concerned is of great complexity, and the model is therefore to be viewed as a support for decision-making, not as an instrument capable of delivering ready-made solutions. To structure the problem area it’s divided into three parts, the social, physical and institu-tional environments. The social environment is concerned with factors, such as group size and amount of trust and social capital, which can influence the feasibility of co-operation. The analysis leads to a classification of three social groups: Close-knit, loosely-knit and anonymous. The physical environment is concerned with characteristics of utilities, which influences need for, and feasibility of, co-operation. Rivalry of use and excludability are identified as important factors in this aspect. By combining them six types of goods can be identified: Private goods, club goods, common pool resources, toll goods, public goods and local pub-lic goods. The institutional environment is concerned with rules, which can control the use of com-mon utilities. Two concepts are identified as pivotal: property rights regimes and decision-making procedures. There are four property rights regimes: Individual rights, group rights, public rights (limited and unlimited) and no rights. Furthermore there are three decision-making procedures: Market regulation, group decision-making and public decision-making. A fourth possibility is no decision making-forum. By linking together social groups and types of goods a matrix is obtained in which each square represents a unique combination of social and physical environment. In this analyti-cal framework it is analysed which combinations of property rights regimes and decision-making procedures that are best suited to each square. In the end, Swedish legislation on roads, water and sewerage installations and aesthetic design of buildings is analysed with aid of the analytical model. / QC 20100825

Although the future socio-economic benefits of a new fibre-based ("next generation access", NGA) telecommunications infrastructure seem to be uncontroversial, most countries have to date only undertaken NGA investments on a small scale. Accordingly, a universal NGA coverage appears to be a rather unrealistic objective without government intervention. Indeed, many governments have already initiated diverse subsidy programs in order to stimulate NGA infrastructure deployment. We contend, however, that the current contract practice of fixing ex ante targets for network expansion is inefficient given the uncertainty about future returns on NGA infrastructure-based services and the public authorities' incomplete information about the capital costs of the network provider. This paper puts forward to delegate the choice of the network expansion to the NGA provider. Simple linear profit-sharing contracts can be designed to control the NGA provider's incentives and to put in balance the public objectives of network expansion and limitation of public expenditure. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Regensburg. / Literaturverz.

Since the 1990s, several countries in Latin America liberalized and privatized the public utilities business. As a consequence, there was a transit from the Entrepreneur State to the Regulatory State, the latter being traditionally understood as a model of regulation for competition, with a mayor concern only on economic objectives. Notwithstanding, the socioeconomic reality of Latin American countries, in particular Colombia, presented the fact that competition cannot be the only priority, and that regulation of the public utilities business must also achieve social objectives. Public purposes, understood as economic and social objectives, are the cornerstone of State intervention. / Desde los años noventa, ciertos países de América Latina liberalizaron y privatizaron el sector de los servicios públicos. Como consecuencia, se pasó del Estado empresario al Estado regulador, el cual era tradicionalmente entendido como un modelo de regulación para la competencia, centrado principalmente en objetivos económicos. Sin embargo, la realidad socioeconómica de los países de América Latina, en particular Colombia, demuestra que la competencia no es la única prioridad, sino que la regulación en los servicios públicos también debe atender a la consecución de objetivos sociales. Los objetivos públicos son el pilar de la intervención del Estado, entendido esto como objetivos económicos y sociales.

Submitted by Anna Carolina Morizot Tourinho (carolina.morizot@gmail.com) on 2018-02-27T19:15:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - O poder público inadimplente - Anna Carolina Morizot Tourinho - final.pdf: 1721569 bytes, checksum: 4c55d551921b55736287c03c1d2f815c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-03-02T12:08:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - O poder público inadimplente - Anna Carolina Morizot Tourinho - final.pdf: 1721569 bytes, checksum: 4c55d551921b55736287c03c1d2f815c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T13:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - O poder público inadimplente - Anna Carolina Morizot Tourinho - final.pdf: 1721569 bytes, checksum: 4c55d551921b55736287c03c1d2f815c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / Currently, in Brazil, there is a movement to change the relationship of the public and private sector from a supremacy of the Government status to a more consensual and collaborative relationship. That is because this extraordinary power system used in the concession agreement is proving to be inefficient, costlier, and is being used to support authoritarian practices from the Government. In that context, is urgent to reconsider this superior position that the Government exercise in concession agreements. This paper searched in the national and international doctrine the reasons why it was understood to be important for the Government to have these special powers in such contracts. It was searched in judicial precedents what is the most common forms of the Government´s default. It was analyzed several preventive and reactive mechanisms to avoid the default to happen, to respond to the non-compliance compelling the Government to act as established in the contract, and to compensate the private partner in case it is impossible to meet the agreement. It was understood that the best way to ensure the public interest is to reduce the extraordinary powers from the Government, ensuring legal certainty and reducing the costs to the Government as a partner / Hoje, no Brasil, há uma tendência de substituição no eixo de atuação da Administração com base na supremacia e na unilateralidade para uma ideia de consenso e bilateralidade. Entende-se que Administração e particular devem atuar em conjunto, de forma colaborativa e não em uma situação de subordinação do particular à Administração. Isto porque, cada vez mais, o regime de prerrogativas especiais acaba servindo de base para o estímulo à ineficiência da Administração, geração de contratos mais onerosos, legitimação de práticas autoritárias e facilitação de desvios em razão da flexibilidade de alteração de cláusulas contratuais. Diante deste contexto, é preciso rever a posição de supremacia que o poder concedente exerce em contratos de concessão de serviço público. Buscou-se através do presente trabalho explicações na doutrina nacional e estrangeira que pudessem justificar esse desequilíbrio e as peculiaridades que cercam essa relação entre poder concedente e concessionárias nos contratos de concessão comum. Em seguida, foram analisadas decisões dos Tribunais Regionais Federais para identificar quais são as possíveis formas de descumprimento contratual pela Administração Pública. Por fim, foram analisados mecanismos para evitar que o poder concedente incorra no inadimplemento, para o compelir a cumprir suas obrigações e, finalmente, para compensar o concessionário por eventuais danos sofridos em razão do descumprimento de cláusula contratual. Conclui-se, assim, que a melhor forma de garantir o interesse público é limitar o exercício dos poderes exorbitantes, que deve se dar apenas em situações excepcionais, de forma a garantir segurança jurídica e diminuir os custos de contratar com o poder público

Expensive and excessive regulations may affect the number of firms by discouraging them to access and remain into the market. Despite of such a fact, worldwide there are few legal mechanisms within competition law able to control regulatory activity. This document describes briefly the Peruvian mechanism of regulatory oversight through the Indecopi´s Elimination of Bureaucratic Barriers Commission, which has reached in less than 3 years the voluntary elimination of more than 1000 regulatory and  administrative burdens affecting, inter alia, the market of the deployment of infrastructure on public utilities. This has been the result of a strategy that not relies on sanctioning administrative procedures but in a coordinative-oriented approach with the regulatees aiming to reach the effective accomplishment of the law. In turn, the development of such a strategy make possible to show a new style of enforcement in Peru, which has been studied and undertaken in other countries around the world, namely “Responsive Regulation”. / Una regulación costosa y excesiva puede afectar negativamente la cantidad de ofertantes en el mercado, al desincentivar su acceso y/o permanencia en él. No obstante ello, en el mundo existen pocos mecanismos de defensa de la competencia que controlen este tipo de actividad. El presente artículo describe brevemente el mecanismo de control regulatorio empleado en el Perú a través de la Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas del Indecopi, la cual ha logrado en menos de 3 años la eliminación voluntaria de más de 1000 regulaciones y trabas administrativas que afectaban, entre otros, el mercado de infraestructura en servicios públicos, a través de una estrategia que prescinde del uso exclusivo de procedimientos sancionadores y privilegia la coordinación con los agentes regulados para lograr el cumplimiento efectivo de la ley. El desarrollo de esta estrategia, a su vez, permite demostrar la posibilidad de aplicar un nuevo estilo de «enforcement» en el Perú, que ha sido estudiado y adoptado en otros países del mundo, como es la «Regulación Responsiva».

Orientador: Gilberto De Martino Jannuzzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:42:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manca_RicardodaSilva_M.pdf: 655861 bytes, checksum: 413f65aa79472057b77a015ba5ac1c81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O Planejamento dos Recursos Hídricos em vigor não difere de forma substancial do Planejamento Tradicional do setor energético. Com a crise deste setor ocorrida no Brasil em 2001 a possibilidade de um apagão mostrou que o impacto sobre a sociedade pode ocorrer a qualquer momento. O mesmo se diz em relação a água devido sua iminente escassez. O Planejamento Integrado de Recursos (PIR) foi difundido como uma forma de gerenciar de maneira integral um recurso pelos lados da oferta e demanda e pode ser considerado uma opção viável ao planejamento convencional. Este trabalho fez um levantamento do estado da arte acerca do PIR energético e do Gerenciamento dos Recursos Hídricos. Aproveitando conceitos do setor de energia criou-se o Planejamento Integrado de Recursos da Água (PIRA) para ser utilizado no sistema de abastecimento público. O PIRA guia o gerenciamento integrado da água através da conservação desse recurso aliando a redução de desperdício com medidas de tarifação bem como aumentando a oferta a partir de opções alternativas como o reúso e o aproveitamento das águas pluviais / Abstract: The Water Resources Planning in use doesn't diverge substantially from the Traditional Energy Planning. With the energy crisis occurred in Brazil in 2001 the blackout possibility shows that the impact on the society might happen at any time. The same occurs to the water because of its scarcity. The Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) was diffused as a way of fully managing a resource by the supply and demand sizes and can be considerated a viable option for the conventional planning. This composition is meant to do a study of the specific bibliography about the energy IRP and the Water Resource Management. Utilizing conceptions of the energy area, Water Integrated Resource Planning has been created to be used at the public utilities. The Water Integrated Resource Planning conducts the Water Integrated Management through this resource saving, joining this to a different tax and increasing the supply with alternative options such as the wastewater and the rainwater use / Mestrado / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Camping and caravanning is practiced by a segment of the population in South Africa. Various articles in the caravan and outdoor life magazine published in South Africa have indicated that municipal caravan parks are not providing the same facilities and service as was provided in the past .With this background the hypothesis was established as being, the facilities at municipal caravan parks such as Hendon Park are deteriorating due to lack of government commitment and funds. The objectives of this research was determined as being whether (1) it is economically viable for the municipality to continue to utilise the existing land as a caravan park or, (2) it is more beneficial to the taxpayer for the municipality to sell the prime land to a developer or, (3) it is in the best interest of the municipality and /or the community to sell the property to a private company for upgrading the facilities to meet campers requirements The scope of the investigation was determined and includes questionnaires to campers, as well as interview’s with various stakeholders. The researcher also considered various management strategies suggested by strategist David, Fry, Lambert and Stock and Massey that could be used by Hendon Park management to enhance the operation of the Caravan Park under their control and thus a suggested management strategy was compiled. A specific window period to gather the information was decided as being the Easter Holiday period as this was the period that all caravan parks in Cape Town are at full capacity and thus this was the best opportunity to gather the information as the target (campers) would be camping in great numbers. Finally the results was analysed and a conclusion was drawn. Specific recommendations were then proposed by the researcher to be implemented by the staff of Hendon caravan park.

This research paper is a qualitative evaluation of rural resident’s views in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality regarding the municipalities (BCM) performance in sanitation in rural areas. The study was conducted using interviews and some participant observation as a strategy for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using the basic needs theoretical framework. The study found that sanitation is the least talked about subject because of the stigma attached to it. The study found that Buffalo City Municipality initiatives in sanitation have little impact or has not yet transformed the lives of rural people. It has been found that the municipality is responding slowly in sanitation, and this situation impacts negatively on the lives of rural people as they are exposed to health hazards and diseases. The study questions the sustainability of toilets built in rural areas as many toilets have no roofs and door. It has been found that sanitation is still a challenge in the Buffalo City Municipality as some people still relieve themselves in the bushes. Some people even defecate into plastic bags and then throw the bags as far as they can. The study found that the environment is deeply affected by the lack of sanitation as both air and water are contaminated by waste disposal caused by poor sanitation. The general feeling of the residents of Buffalo City Municipality with regard to sanitation service delivery is that they were not happy at all. The residents are not happy with the state of sanitation services rendered by the municipality. The study calls upon the municipality to speedily address rural sanitation to avoid service delivery protest. The research calls upon organizations and companies to get sanitation issues as part of their function. The research made a number of recommendations in an effort to help municipalities accelerate the delivery of sanitation in rural areas. It is hoped that the recommendations would help the Buffalo City Municipality in ensuring that communities are equipped and empowered to meaningfully participate in making policies, regarding their development. The recommendations will contribute towards encouraging community participation in the decision making within their municipalities. It is the aim of the study for other municipalities to use Buffalo City Municipality example as a benchmark for best practices. In conclusion, the rural areas of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality need more serious commitment from the municipality regarding sanitation and other basic services.