Objetivos: analisar os efeitos, após um período de 24 meses, de um Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar sobre os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e desempenho no teste de caminhada em 30 pacientes com DPOC (idade: 60,8±10 anos; 70% do sexo masculino). Pacientes e Métodos: os participantes do estudo realizaram um Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar com 12 semanas de duração, incluindo 24 sessões de exercício físico, 24 sessões de fisioterapia, 12 sessões de psicoterapia e 3 sessões educacionais. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados na linha de base (pré-teste) e ao término (pós-teste) do PRP através de quatro instrumentos: Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck , Questionário Respiratório de Saint George e Teste da Caminhada de 6 minutos. Vinte e quatro meses após a conclusão do PRP os pacientes foram reavaliados com os mesmos instrumentos de medida (teste atual). Resultados: Os pacientes demonstraram na comparação entre pré e pósteste, redução significativa dos níveis de ansiedade (pré: 10,7±6,3; pós: 5,5±4,4; p=0,0005), depressão (pré:11,7±6,8; pós:6±5,8; p=0,001) e melhora no índice de qualidade de vida (pré: 51±15,9; pós: 34,7±15,1; p=0,0001). No teste de caminhada houve um aumento significativo (pré: 428,6±75; pós: 474,9±86,3; p=0,03). Na comparação do pós-teste com o teste atual, os índices não demonstraram diferença estatística em nenhum dos critérios avaliados. Ansiedade (pós: 5,5±4,4; atual: 7,3±4,8; p=0,127), depressão (pós: 6±5,8; atual:7,8±5,7; p= 0,228), qualidade de vida ( pós: 34,7±15,1; atual: 40±13,3; p=0,157) e teste de caminhada (pós: 474,9±86,3; atual: 451±74,2; p=0,254) Conclusões: os benefícios obtidos pelos pacientes com a reabilitação pulmonar sobre os índices de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e teste de caminhada, persistiram ao longo dos 24 meses. / Study Objectives: to verify the long-term outcome of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on the levels of anxiety, depression and quality of life, as well, the six-minute walking test performance of 30 COPD patients (mean±SD, 60.8±10 years; 70% male). Design: the participants under went a 12-week treatment program: 24 session of physical exercises, 24 sessions of physiotherapy, 12 psychological sessions and three educational sessions. All patients were evaluated at baseline (pretest), at completion of the rehabilitation program (post-test), and two years later (current test) through four instruments: Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and the Six- Minute Walk Test. Results: the comparison between pre and post-test demonstrated significant statistical improvements, including reduced anxiety (pre: 10.7±6.3; post: 5.5±4.4; p=0.0005) and depression (pre: 11.7±6.8; post: 6±5.8; p=0.001), increase endurance (pre: 428.6±75; post: 474.9±86.3; p=0.03), and better quality of life (pre: 51±15.9; post: 34.7±15.1; p=0.0001). There were no statistic differences when the results of the post-test were analyzed against the data of the current test. Anxiety (post: 5.5±4.4; current: 7.3±4.8; p=0.127), depression (post: 6±5.8; current: 7.8±5.7; p=0.228), endurance (post: 474.9±86.3; current: 451±74.2; p= 0.254) and quality of life (post: 34.7±15.1; current: 40±13.3; p=0.157). Conclusions: COPD patients are able to maintain the psychological and physical improvements acquired during a pulmonary rehabilitation program for two years.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CatharinneACF_DISSERT.pdf: 1480127 bytes, checksum: c5db0b97f06f1894f01c49765400729e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-06 / Pulmonary Rehabilitation, especially due to aerobic exercise, positive impact in reducing morbidity/mortality of patients with COPD, however the economic impact with costs of implementing simple programs of aerobic exercise are scarce. This is a blind randomized clinical trials, which aimed to evaluate the costs and benefits of a simple program of aerobic exercise in individuals with COPD, considering the financial costs of the Public Health System and its secondary endpoints. We evaluated lung function, the distance walked during six minutes of walking, the respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, quality of life related to health (QLRH), body composition and level of activity of daily living (ADL) before and after eight weeks of an aerobic exercise program consisting of educational guidance for both groups, control and intervention and supervised walks to the intervention group. The health costs generated in both groups were calculated following table Brazilian Public Health System. The sample consisted of forty patients, two being excluded in the initial phase of desaturation during the walk test six minutes. Were randomized into control and intervention group thirty-eight patients, three were excluded from the control group and one was excluded from the intervention group. At the end, thirty-four COPD comprised the sample, 16 in the control group and 18 in the intervention group (FEV1: 50.9 ? 14% pred and FEV1: 56 ? 0.5% pred, respectively). After for intervention, the intervention group showed improvement in meters walked, the sensation of dyspnea and fatigue at work, BODE index (p <0.01) in QLRH, ADL level (p <0.001) as well as increased strength lower limbs (p <0.05). The final cost of the program for the intervention group was R $ 148.75, including: assessments, hiking supervised by a physiotherapist and reassessments. No patient had exacerbation of IG, while 2 patients in the CG exacerbated, generating an average individual cost of R $ 689.15. The aerobic exercises in the form of walking showed significant clinical benefits and economic feasibility of its implementation, due to low cost and easy accessibility for patients, allowing them to add their daily practice of aerobic exercises / A Reabilita??o Pulmonar, especialmente devido aos exerc?cios aer?bios, impacta positivamente na redu??o da morbidade/mortalidade do paciente com DPOC, entretanto o impacto econ?mico com custos de da implementa??o de programas simples de exerc?cios aerobios s?o escassos. Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico aleat?rio controlado cego, que objetivou avaliar os custos e os benef?cios de um programa simples de exerc?cios aer?bios em indiv?duos com DPOC, considerando os custos financeiros do Sistema P?blico de Sa?de e seus desfechos secund?rios. Foram avaliadas a fun??o pulmonar, a dist?ncia percorrida no teste da caminhada dos 6 minutos, a for?a muscular respirat?ria e perif?rica, a qualidade de vida relacionada ? sa?de (QVRS), a composi??o corporal e o n?vel de atividade de vida di?ria (AVD) antes e ap?s oito semanas de um programa de exerc?cios aer?bicos composto por de orienta??es educacionais para ambos os grupos, controle e interven??o e caminhadas supervisionadas para o grupo interven??o. Os custos sanit?rios gerados em ambos os grupos foram calculados seguindo tabela do Sistema de Sa?de P?blico Brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por quarenta pacientes, sendo dois exclu?dos na fase inicial por dessatura??o durante o teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Foram aleatorizados em grupo controle e grupo interven??o trinta e oito pacientes, sendo que tr?s foram exclu?dos do grupo controle e um foi exclu?do do grupo interven??o. Ao final, trinta e quatro DPOC compuseram a amostra, 16 no grupo controle e 18 no grupo interven??o (VEF1: 50.9 ? 14 %pred e VEF1: 56 ? 0.5 %pred, respectivamente). Ap?s para interven??o, o grupo interven??o apresentou melhora nos metros caminhados, na sensa??o de dispneia e fadiga, no trabalho realizado, ?ndice de BODE (p<0.01), na QVRS, no n?vel de AVD (p<0.001) al?m de incremento da for?a dos membros inferiores (p<0.05). O custo final do programa para o grupo interven??o foi de R$ 148.75, incluindo: avalia??es, caminhadas supervisionadas por um fisioterapeuta e as reavalia??es. Nenhum paciente do GI apresentou exacerba??o, enquanto no GC 2 pacientes exacerbaram, gerando um custo individual m?dio de R$ 689.15. Os exerc?cios aer?bios na modalidade de caminhadas demonstraram significantes benef?cios cl?nicos e a viabilidade econ?mica de sua implementa??o, devido ao baixo custo e de f?cil acessibilidade para os pacientes, permitindo que estes possam adicionar as suas atividades di?rias a pr?tica de exerc?cios aer?bios

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma doença respiratória com comprometimento sistêmico, que cursa com dispneia, intolerância ao exercício e dificuldade para realizar as atividades de vida diária (AVDs). Uma importante medida terapêutica é a reabilitação pulmonar (RP), porém os efeitos desta intervenção sobre as AVDs são pouco conhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Estudar os efeitos da RP sobre a capacidade de exercício, a qualidade de vida, as alterações do humor, as AVDs e avaliar a relação entre as mudanças neste diferentes desfechos em pacientes com DPOC. MATERIAL e MÉTODOS: Pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC foram submetidos a um programa de RP de 12 semanas. Foram realizados as seguintes avaliações antes e depois da intervenção: teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), inventário de ansiedade (BAI) e depressão de Beck (BDI) e testes que reproduzem AVDs como levantar da cadeira (TSL), levantar do chão, subir escadas e equilíbrio. Um valor de p ≤ 0,05 foi considerado como significativo. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 52 pacientes com DPOC, com volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) de 0,99±0,43 l e 38,1±8,4 % do previsto e idade de 66,2 ±8,5 anos. Com a RP houve melhora na distância percorrida no TC6 (367,6 ± 87,4 vs 412,5 ± 82,6 metros; p<0,001), nos escores do BAI e BDI (10 vs 5 pontos; p<0,001 e 10,5 vs 6 pontos; p<0,001), no escore total do SGRQ (49,4 vs 39,5 pontos; p<0,001). Após a RP aumentou o número de repetições no TSL (10 vs 11 vezes; p<0,001), reduziu o tempo para levantar do chão (5,9 vs 5,4 segundos; p = 0,003) e subir escadas (9,0 vs 7,9 segundos; p<0,001) e aumentou o tempo de equilíbrio (10,1 vs 14,5 segundos; p = 0,014). O TSL se relacionou com todos os domínios do SGRQ (rs entre -0,282 e 0,370, p<0,05). Não houve associação entre testes de AVDs e distância percorrida no TC6 ou escores do BAI e BDI. CONCLUSÕES: A capacidade física, a qualidade de vida, os sintomas depressivos, a ansiedade e os testes de AVDs melhoraram com a RP. A melhora observada nas AVDs (no tempo de equilíbrio, para levantar do chão e no TSL) se associou com mudanças na qualidade de vida. / BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease with systemic involvement that leads to dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADL). An important therapeutic measure is pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), but the effects of this intervention on ADL have not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of PR on exercise capacity, quality of life, mood changes, ADL and assess the relationship between changes in the different outcomes in patients with COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with COPD underwent a PR program for 12 weeks. The following tests were performed before and after intervention: the six-minute walk test (6MWT), the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Beck anxiety (BAI) and depression Inventory (BDI) and tests that reproduce ADL as rising from a chair (TSL), rising from the floor, stair climbing and balance. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: We studied 52 COPD patients with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 0.99 ± 0.43 l, 38.1 ± 8.4 % predicted and age of 66.2 ± 8.5 years. PR induced an improvement in 6MWT distance (367.6 ± 87.4 vs 412.5 ± 82.6 meters, p <0.001), BAI and BDI scores (10 vs 5 points, p <0.001 and 10,5 vs. 6 points, p <0.001) and in SGRQ total score (49.4 vs. 39.5 points, p <0.001). The number of repetitions in TSL increased (10 vs 11 fold, p <0.001), the time to rise from the floor (5.9 vs 5.4 seconds, P = 0.003) and to climb stairs reduced (9.0 vs 7.9 seconds, p <0.001) and the balance improved (10.1 vs. 14.5 seconds, p = 0.014) after PR. The STS was related to all domains of the SGRQ (rs between -0.282 and 0.370, p <0.05). The balance and the time to rise from the floor were associated with symptoms domain of the SGRQ (rs-0.421 and 0.302 respectively, p <0,05). There was no association between ADL tests and walked distance or BAI and BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS: Physical capacity, quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety as well as ADL improved with RP. The changes in ADL (balance, to rise from the floor and STS) were associated with changes in quality of life.

O aumento no número de células inflamatórias, a produção anormal de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e o desequilíbrio entre a formação de radicais livres e a capacidade antioxidante geram alterações locais e sistêmicas na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), associada com disfunção e perda da massa muscular. A reabilitação pulmonar é uma modalidade de tratamento com evidência A, cujos desfechos são medidos através da melhora da capacidade de exercício físico e qualidade de vida, mas estudos recentes demonstram uma redução no estresse oxidativo induzido pelo exercício, o que potencialmente também reduziria o dano tecidual. A análise do dano de DNA em linfócitos de sangue periférico foi utilizada como possível medida de desfecho em 13 de 39 portadores de DPOC submetidos a um programa de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP) com duração de 4 meses. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao teste da caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6) e ao questionário de qualidade de vida Saint George (QQVSG), sendo que 13 pacientes coletaram sangue antes e depois do PRP para análise do dano de DNA pela técnica de micronúcleos. Do total de 39 portadores de DPOC, 69,23% eram do sexo masculino com idades de 63,33 ± 8,60 anos e média de VEF1 de 1,06 ± 0,55L. Após o PRP, ocorreu aumento significativo na distância percorrida no TC6 (366,84±108,42 [pré PRP] vs. 400,76±94,55 [pós PRP], p=0,001) e melhora em todos os domínios do QQVSG (Sintomas: 47,05±21,28 [pré PRP] vs. 35,28±16,92 [pós PRP], p=0,005; Atividades: 62,84±27,07 [pré PRP] vs. 56,02±24,09 [pós PRP], p=0,038; Impacto: 33,30±18,71 [pré PRP] vs. 19,97±12,11 [pós PRP], p<0,001; Total: 49,41±21,99 [pré PRP] vs. 37,61±18,96 [pós PRP], p<0,001). Quanto à avaliação do dano genético, obteve-se uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa (p=0,014) na freqüência de micronúcleos (5,53±2,14 [pré PRP] vs. 3,07±2,13 [pós PRP] ), o que não ocorreu na análise das pontes nucleoplasmáticas e buds nucleares (1,15±0,89 [pré PRP] vs. 0,76±1,01 [pós PRP], p=0,244 e 1,69±1,43 [pré PRP] vs. 1,69±2,13 [pós PRP], p=0,804, respectivamente). A redução na freqüência de micronúcleos demonstrou que o PRP não somente melhorou a qualidade de vida e o desempenho na capacidade de exercício, mas também foi capaz de reduzir o dano de DNA. / Pulmonary rehabilitation is a treatment supported by level A evidence, and its outcomes are measured by the improvement in physical exercise capacity and quality of life. The objective of this study is to investigate if pulmonary rehabilitation reduces DNA damage in peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was used as an outcome measure in 13 of 39 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent a 4-month pulmonary rehabilitation program. All patients underwent the 6- minute walk test and answered the Saint George’s respiratory questionnaire to assess quality of life. Blood was collected from 13 patients before and after pulmonary rehabilitation program to analyze DNA damage using the micronucleus technique. After pulmonary rehabilitation program, there was a significant increase in 6- minute walk distance and improvement in all the Saint George’s respiratory questionnaire domains. The evaluation of genetic damage revealed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.014) of micronucleus frequency. No significant differences were found in the analysis of nucleoplasmic bridges or nuclear buds. The decrease of micronucleus frequency demonstrated that PRP not only improved quality of life and performance in work capacity exercises, but also reduced DNA damage.

Objetivos: analisar os efeitos, após um período de 24 meses, de um Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar sobre os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e desempenho no teste de caminhada em 30 pacientes com DPOC (idade: 60,8±10 anos; 70% do sexo masculino). Pacientes e Métodos: os participantes do estudo realizaram um Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar com 12 semanas de duração, incluindo 24 sessões de exercício físico, 24 sessões de fisioterapia, 12 sessões de psicoterapia e 3 sessões educacionais. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados na linha de base (pré-teste) e ao término (pós-teste) do PRP através de quatro instrumentos: Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck , Questionário Respiratório de Saint George e Teste da Caminhada de 6 minutos. Vinte e quatro meses após a conclusão do PRP os pacientes foram reavaliados com os mesmos instrumentos de medida (teste atual). Resultados: Os pacientes demonstraram na comparação entre pré e pósteste, redução significativa dos níveis de ansiedade (pré: 10,7±6,3; pós: 5,5±4,4; p=0,0005), depressão (pré:11,7±6,8; pós:6±5,8; p=0,001) e melhora no índice de qualidade de vida (pré: 51±15,9; pós: 34,7±15,1; p=0,0001). No teste de caminhada houve um aumento significativo (pré: 428,6±75; pós: 474,9±86,3; p=0,03). Na comparação do pós-teste com o teste atual, os índices não demonstraram diferença estatística em nenhum dos critérios avaliados. Ansiedade (pós: 5,5±4,4; atual: 7,3±4,8; p=0,127), depressão (pós: 6±5,8; atual:7,8±5,7; p= 0,228), qualidade de vida ( pós: 34,7±15,1; atual: 40±13,3; p=0,157) e teste de caminhada (pós: 474,9±86,3; atual: 451±74,2; p=0,254) Conclusões: os benefícios obtidos pelos pacientes com a reabilitação pulmonar sobre os índices de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e teste de caminhada, persistiram ao longo dos 24 meses. / Study Objectives: to verify the long-term outcome of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on the levels of anxiety, depression and quality of life, as well, the six-minute walking test performance of 30 COPD patients (mean±SD, 60.8±10 years; 70% male). Design: the participants under went a 12-week treatment program: 24 session of physical exercises, 24 sessions of physiotherapy, 12 psychological sessions and three educational sessions. All patients were evaluated at baseline (pretest), at completion of the rehabilitation program (post-test), and two years later (current test) through four instruments: Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and the Six- Minute Walk Test. Results: the comparison between pre and post-test demonstrated significant statistical improvements, including reduced anxiety (pre: 10.7±6.3; post: 5.5±4.4; p=0.0005) and depression (pre: 11.7±6.8; post: 6±5.8; p=0.001), increase endurance (pre: 428.6±75; post: 474.9±86.3; p=0.03), and better quality of life (pre: 51±15.9; post: 34.7±15.1; p=0.0001). There were no statistic differences when the results of the post-test were analyzed against the data of the current test. Anxiety (post: 5.5±4.4; current: 7.3±4.8; p=0.127), depression (post: 6±5.8; current: 7.8±5.7; p=0.228), endurance (post: 474.9±86.3; current: 451±74.2; p= 0.254) and quality of life (post: 34.7±15.1; current: 40±13.3; p=0.157). Conclusions: COPD patients are able to maintain the psychological and physical improvements acquired during a pulmonary rehabilitation program for two years.

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma doença respiratória com comprometimento sistêmico, que cursa com dispneia, intolerância ao exercício e dificuldade para realizar as atividades de vida diária (AVDs). Uma importante medida terapêutica é a reabilitação pulmonar (RP), porém os efeitos desta intervenção sobre as AVDs são pouco conhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Estudar os efeitos da RP sobre a capacidade de exercício, a qualidade de vida, as alterações do humor, as AVDs e avaliar a relação entre as mudanças neste diferentes desfechos em pacientes com DPOC. MATERIAL e MÉTODOS: Pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC foram submetidos a um programa de RP de 12 semanas. Foram realizados as seguintes avaliações antes e depois da intervenção: teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), inventário de ansiedade (BAI) e depressão de Beck (BDI) e testes que reproduzem AVDs como levantar da cadeira (TSL), levantar do chão, subir escadas e equilíbrio. Um valor de p ≤ 0,05 foi considerado como significativo. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 52 pacientes com DPOC, com volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) de 0,99±0,43 l e 38,1±8,4 % do previsto e idade de 66,2 ±8,5 anos. Com a RP houve melhora na distância percorrida no TC6 (367,6 ± 87,4 vs 412,5 ± 82,6 metros; p<0,001), nos escores do BAI e BDI (10 vs 5 pontos; p<0,001 e 10,5 vs 6 pontos; p<0,001), no escore total do SGRQ (49,4 vs 39,5 pontos; p<0,001). Após a RP aumentou o número de repetições no TSL (10 vs 11 vezes; p<0,001), reduziu o tempo para levantar do chão (5,9 vs 5,4 segundos; p = 0,003) e subir escadas (9,0 vs 7,9 segundos; p<0,001) e aumentou o tempo de equilíbrio (10,1 vs 14,5 segundos; p = 0,014). O TSL se relacionou com todos os domínios do SGRQ (rs entre -0,282 e 0,370, p<0,05). Não houve associação entre testes de AVDs e distância percorrida no TC6 ou escores do BAI e BDI. CONCLUSÕES: A capacidade física, a qualidade de vida, os sintomas depressivos, a ansiedade e os testes de AVDs melhoraram com a RP. A melhora observada nas AVDs (no tempo de equilíbrio, para levantar do chão e no TSL) se associou com mudanças na qualidade de vida. / BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease with systemic involvement that leads to dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADL). An important therapeutic measure is pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), but the effects of this intervention on ADL have not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of PR on exercise capacity, quality of life, mood changes, ADL and assess the relationship between changes in the different outcomes in patients with COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with COPD underwent a PR program for 12 weeks. The following tests were performed before and after intervention: the six-minute walk test (6MWT), the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Beck anxiety (BAI) and depression Inventory (BDI) and tests that reproduce ADL as rising from a chair (TSL), rising from the floor, stair climbing and balance. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: We studied 52 COPD patients with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 0.99 ± 0.43 l, 38.1 ± 8.4 % predicted and age of 66.2 ± 8.5 years. PR induced an improvement in 6MWT distance (367.6 ± 87.4 vs 412.5 ± 82.6 meters, p <0.001), BAI and BDI scores (10 vs 5 points, p <0.001 and 10,5 vs. 6 points, p <0.001) and in SGRQ total score (49.4 vs. 39.5 points, p <0.001). The number of repetitions in TSL increased (10 vs 11 fold, p <0.001), the time to rise from the floor (5.9 vs 5.4 seconds, P = 0.003) and to climb stairs reduced (9.0 vs 7.9 seconds, p <0.001) and the balance improved (10.1 vs. 14.5 seconds, p = 0.014) after PR. The STS was related to all domains of the SGRQ (rs between -0.282 and 0.370, p <0.05). The balance and the time to rise from the floor were associated with symptoms domain of the SGRQ (rs-0.421 and 0.302 respectively, p <0,05). There was no association between ADL tests and walked distance or BAI and BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS: Physical capacity, quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety as well as ADL improved with RP. The changes in ADL (balance, to rise from the floor and STS) were associated with changes in quality of life.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-06-21T18:14:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Alves de Camargo .pdf: 1030153 bytes, checksum: 6ca31fab8598bd8ac6319e473c1dac59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T18:14:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Alves de Camargo .pdf: 1030153 bytes, checksum: 6ca31fab8598bd8ac6319e473c1dac59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Introduction: There is a shortage of studies evaluating the effects of respiratory physiotherapy isolated and linked to pulmonary rehabilitation in adults with bronchiectasis (BCT), and inflammatory level comparison of these patients with a control group. Aim: Study 1: To correlate the inflammatory and oxidative stress state with lung function and physical capacity, and with basal physical capacity after a pulmonary rehabilitation program associated with the respiratory physiotherapy; and Study 2: To compare the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program associated to respiratory physiotherapy with respiratory physiotherapy singly in physical capacity, peripheral muscle function and quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis. Methods: In the first study, 74 patients and 29 controls performed cardiopulmonary exercise test on cycle ergometer (CPET) and incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), in addition to the assessment of the total number of steps/day (NSD) and the Pro and anti-inflammatory mediators and Pro and anti-oxidants in plasma. In the second study, 82 patients were randomized into two groups: respiratory physiotherapy (RP) and RP associated to pulmonary rehabilitation (RP+PR). Patients performed the ISWT and SWT endurance (ESWT), the maximum and submaximal CPET (sub), test of strength for the biceps brachii (BB), medium deltoids (MD) and quadriceps femoris (QF) and responded to the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). NSD was obtained by pedometer and dyspnoea was measured by the Medical Research Council (MRC). Results: Study 1 – The level of cytokines IL1-β and IL-6 was significantly higher compared to the control group, but for Pro markers and antioxidants no differences were found. There was significant negative correlation of VO2 with IL1-β (r: -0.42), IL-6 (r: -0.31), thiobarbituric acid (T-BARS, r: 0.30), Carbonyl (r: -0.39) and nitrite (r: 0.32). The ISWT correlated with Catalase (r: 0.25) and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP, r: 0.23). Study 2 – Comparing the pre-and post-intervention intra-group effects, there was significant increase in ISWT, ESWT, CPET load, and muscle strength of DM and BB for the RP+PR group, while the endurance time in CPETsub increased both in RP+PR and RP groups; there was improvement for the RP group in all domains of SGRQ, while the RP+PR group only improved in symptoms. When comparing the effects of treatment in both groups (RP vs RP+PR), there was no statistically significant difference for any of the outcomes studied. Conclusion: Study 1 – Patients with BCT presented high systemic inflammation even in the stable phase of the disease, with equivalent Pro markers and antioxidants compared to the control group. Oxidative and inflammatory markers correlate with the aerobic and functional capacity. Study 2 – Although there was increasing exercise tolerance only at the RP+PR group, both groups showed improvement in HRQOL. Even though there wasn’t difference between interventions, it is preferable to associate RP to PR, because the latter promoted significant benefits in peripheral muscle strength and physical ability. / Introdução: Há escassez de estudos avaliando os efeitos da fisioterapia respiratória (FR) isolada e associada à reabilitação pulmonar (RP) em adultos com bronquiectasia (BCQ) e a comparação do nível inflamatório destes doentes com a de um grupo controle. Objetivos: Estudo 1: Correlacionar o estado inflamatório e estresse oxidativo com a função pulmonar e capacidade física e com a capacidade física após o programa de RP associado à FR e Estudo 2 – Comparar os efeitos de um programa de RP associado à FR com a FR isoladamente na capacidade física, função muscular periférica e qualidade de vida em pacientes com bronquiectasia. Método: No primeiro estudo, 74 pacientes e 29 controles realizaram o teste de exercício cardiopulmonar máximo em cicloergômetro (TECP) e o shuttle walking teste incremental (SWTI), além da avaliação do número total de passos/dia (NTP) e dos mediadores pró e anti-inflamatórios e pró e anti-oxidantes no plasma. No segundo estudo, 82 pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos (Grupo 1 – FR e Grupo 2 – FR associada à RP). Os pacientes realizaram o SWTI e o SWT endurance (SWTE), o TECP máximo e submáximo (sub), teste de força para o bíceps braquial (BB), deltóide médio (DM) e quadríceps femoral (QF) e responderam ao Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). O NTP foi obtido por pedômetro e a dispneia foi mensurada pela escala Medical Research Council (MRC). Resultados: Estudo 1 - O nível de citocinas IL-1β e IL-6 foi significantemente maior em comparação ao grupo controle, mas para os marcadores pró e anti-oxidantes não foram encontradas diferenças. Houve correlação negativa significante do VO2 com IL-1β (r = -0,42), IL-6 (r = -0,31), ácido tiobarbitúrico (T-BARS, r = 0,30), Carbonila (r = -0,39) e Nitrito (r = 0,32). O SWTI correlacionou-se com a Catalase (r = 0,25) e a capacidade anti-oxidante total (TRAP, r = 0,23). Estudo 2 – Ao compararmos os efeitos pré e pós-intervenção intragrupo: houve aumento significante no SWTI, SWTE, carga no TECP, força muscular do BB e DM para o grupo FR+RP, enquanto o tempo de endurance no TECPsub aumentou tanto neste grupo quanto no grupo FR; no grupo FR houve melhora em todos os domínios do SGRQ, enquanto para o grupo FR+RP apenas no domínio sintomas. Ao comparar os efeitos do tratamento em ambos os grupos (FR vs FR+RP) não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para quaisquer dos desfechos estudados. Conclusão: Estudo 1 - Os pacientes com BCQ apresentaram elevada inflamação sistêmica, mesmo na fase estável da doença, com equivalentes marcadores pró e anti-oxidantes em relação ao grupo controle. Marcadores inflamatórios e oxidativos se correlacionam com a capacidade aeróbia e funcional. Estudo 2 – Embora ocorreu aumento da tolerância ao exercício apenas no grupo FR+RP, ambos os grupos demonstraram melhora da QVRS. Embora não tenha ocorrido diferença entre ambas as intervenções, é preferível associar à FR a RP, pois esta última promoveu benefícios significativos na capacidade física e força muscular periférica.

Bakgrund: KOL är den tredje vanligaste dödsorsaken världen över. Pulmonary rehabilitation är en vanlig del av behandlingen som fysioterapeuter ofta utgår ifrån vid rehabilitering för patienter som lider av KOL. Telerehabilitering är ett alternativ till pulmonary rehabilitation. Forskning som jämför effektiviteten av telerehabilitering hos patienter som lider av KOL är dock begränsad. På senare tid har det på grund av bland annat coronapandemin uppkommit ett ökat behov av att utvärdera hur effektiv telerehabilitering är jämfört med pulmonary rehabilitation eller obehandlad kontrollgrupp.  Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att systematiskt granska vetenskapliga artiklar vad gäller effekten av telerehabiltering på livskvalité samt, kondition och muskelstyrka hos patienter med KOL och att bedöma tillförlitligheten av artiklarnas sammanvägda resultat. Metod: Metoden som valdes var en litteraturstudie. Sökningen genomfördes i Pubmed och CINAHL. Kvalitén av åtta studier från sökningen granskades med PEDro och resultatets tillförlitlighet bedömdes med GRADEstud. Resultat: Kvalitén i de åtta studierna som inkluderades varierade mellan medelgod och hög. För utfallsmåttet livskvalité påvisades att telerehabilitering är lika effektivt som pulmonary rehabilitation och tillförlitligheten bedömdes som måttligt hög (+++). För utfallsmåttet fysisk kapacitet kunde man inte påvisa att telerehabilitering är lika effektivt som pulmonary rehabilitation där tillförlitligheten bedömdes som låg (++). Endast två studier hade med utfallsmåttet muskelstyrka vilket gjorde resultatet svårbedömt.  Konklusion: Telerehabilitering bedömdes vara lika effektivt som pulmonary rehabilitation avseende livskvalité men detsamma kunde inte påvisas för fysisk kapacitet. Mer forskning inom området behövs och framtida forskning bör försöka eftersträva mer likhet i interventionerna. / Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a common part of the treatment that is often used by physical therapists. Telerehabilitation is an alternative to traditional pulmonary rehabilitation, but it has a limited amount of research. Lately, partially because of the Covid-19 pandemic there has been an increased need to evaluate the effects of telerehabilitation.  Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to systematically review scientific studies regarding the effects of telerehabilitation on health-related quality of life, physical capacity and muscle strength among patients suffering from COPD. The aim of this study was also to assess the reliability of the combined results of the studies. Method: A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed and CINAHL. Eight studies were reviewed using PEDro and the reliability of the result was assessed using GRADEstud. Results: The quality of the studies varied between good and excellent. Telerehabilitation was deemed to be equally effective as pulmonary rehabilitation regarding the outcome health related quality of life and the reliability for the result was rated as moderately high (+++). The effectiveness of telerehabilitation for the outcome physical capacity proved not to be certain with a low (++) reliability. Only two studies included the outcome muscle strength which meant it could not be assessed.  Conclusion: Telerehabilitation was deemed to be equally effective as pulmonary rehabilitation for the outcome health related quality of life but not for the outcome physical capacity. More research on the subject is needed and future studies should aim to have the interventions be more similar.

<p>The overall aims of the studies were to investigate the effects of different training modalities on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD and, further, to explore two of the physical tests used in pulmonary rehabilitation.</p><p>In <b>study I</b>, the 12-minute walking distance (12MWD) did not increase on retesting in patients with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) whereas 12MWD increased significantly on retesting in the non-EIH patients. In <b>study II</b>, we found that the incremental shuttle walking test was as good a predictor of peak exercise capacity (W peak) as peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) is. In <b>study III</b>, we investigated the effects of two different combination training programmes when training twice a week for eight weeks. One programme was mainly based on endurance training (group A) and the other on resistance training and callisthenics (group B). W peak and 12MWD increased in group A but not in group B. HRQoL, anxiety and depression were unchanged in both groups. Ratings of perceived exertion at rest were significantly lower in group A than in group B after training and during 12 months of follow-up. Twelve months post-training, 12MWD was back to baseline in group A, but significantly shorter than at baseline in group B. Thus, a short endurance training intervention delayed decline in 12MWD for at least one year. Patients with moderate and severe COPD responded to training in the same way. In <b>study IV</b>, both interval and continuous endurance training increased W peak, VO₂ peak, peak exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO₂ peak) and 12MWD. Likewise, HRQoL, dyspnoea during activities of daily life, anxiety and depression improved similarly in both groups. At a fixed, submaximal workload (isotime), the interval training reduced oxygen cost and ventilatory demand significantly more than the continuous training did.</p>

The overall aims of the studies were to investigate the effects of different training modalities on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD and, further, to explore two of the physical tests used in pulmonary rehabilitation. In study I, the 12-minute walking distance (12MWD) did not increase on retesting in patients with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) whereas 12MWD increased significantly on retesting in the non-EIH patients. In study II, we found that the incremental shuttle walking test was as good a predictor of peak exercise capacity (W peak) as peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) is. In study III, we investigated the effects of two different combination training programmes when training twice a week for eight weeks. One programme was mainly based on endurance training (group A) and the other on resistance training and callisthenics (group B). W peak and 12MWD increased in group A but not in group B. HRQoL, anxiety and depression were unchanged in both groups. Ratings of perceived exertion at rest were significantly lower in group A than in group B after training and during 12 months of follow-up. Twelve months post-training, 12MWD was back to baseline in group A, but significantly shorter than at baseline in group B. Thus, a short endurance training intervention delayed decline in 12MWD for at least one year. Patients with moderate and severe COPD responded to training in the same way. In study IV, both interval and continuous endurance training increased W peak, VO2 peak, peak exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2 peak) and 12MWD. Likewise, HRQoL, dyspnoea during activities of daily life, anxiety and depression improved similarly in both groups. At a fixed, submaximal workload (isotime), the interval training reduced oxygen cost and ventilatory demand significantly more than the continuous training did.