Bakgrund: Antalet personer som lider av typ 2 diabetes växer varje år. Typ 2diabetes är en av de vanligaste kroniska sjukdomarna i världen. Typ 2 diabetes kan också betraktas som en livsstilsrelaterad sjukdom baserad på en ohälsosam livsstil som ökar risken för sjukdom på grund av ohälsosamma matvanor, brist på fysisk aktivitet, stress, sömnbrist och tobaks- och alkoholkonsumtion. Således var livsstilsförändringarna en behandling som skulle kunna hjälpa patienter att förbättra hälsan utan medicinering, samt förbättra livsskvaliteten. Syfte: Litterturstudiens syfte var att belysa patienters upplevelser av lisstilsförändringar vid typ 2 diabetes. Metod: Litterturstudien sammanställde tio vetenskapliga artiklar dör patienters upplevelser av livsstilsförändirngar vid typ 2 diabetes studerats med en kvalitativ metod. Artiklarna hämtades från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl samt kvalitetsgranskades enligt Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering. Resultat: De vetenskapliga artiklarna kom från nio länder dör det identifierades fyra huvudteman som presenterades i resultatet: 1) kostens betydelse 2) Den fysiska aktiviitetens betydelse 3) Motivationens betydelse 4) Informationens och kunskapens betydelse. Konklusion: Studien visade att kosten hade ens stor påverkan på patienternas livsstilsförändringar. Att utöva någon form av fysisk aktivitet visade sig också ha en stor inverkan på patientens möjligheter till livsstilsförändring. Den egna motivationen och stöd från familj och sjuksköterskan visade sig vara viktiga komponenter för att lyckas med sin förändring. Slutligen visade studien att patienterna behöver information om diabetes för att framgångsrikt kunna omvandla en ohälsosam livsstil till en hälsosam och få en bättre livskvalitet. / Background: The number of persons suffering from type 2 diabetes is growing annually. Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases globally. Type 2 diabetes can also be considered a lifestyle-related disease based on an unhealthy lifestyle that increases the risk og disease due to unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, stress, lack of sleep, tobacco and alcohol consumption. Thus, lifestyle changes were one of the treatments that could have helped patients improve their health without medicationm as well as improve their quality of life. Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to describe patients´experience of lifestyle changes in type 2 diabetes. Method: The literature study complies ten scientific articals in which the patients´experiences of lifestyle changes in type 2 diabetes were included using a qualitative method. The articles were procured from the database Pubmed and Cinhal and were quality checked according to the Goverment´s preparation for medical and social evaluation. Results: The sciemtific articles were from nine contries where four main themes emerged as presented in the results: 1) Impotance of diet 2) Importance of physical activity 3) Importance of motivation 4) Importance of information and knowledge. Conclusion: The study showed that diet had a significant impact on patients´lifestyle changes. Engaging in some form of physical activity also proved to have a major impact on the patients´ability to change their lifestyle. Self-motivation and support from family and nurses were found to be important components for succsessful change. Finally, the study showed that patients need infromation about diabetes in order to successfully transform an unhealthy lifestyle into a healthy one and have a better quality of life.

This study involved a qualitative investigation of consulting engineers' information needs and information-seeking behaviour within the context of their project-related work roles and tasks. The research design includes a study of various information behaviour models, a systematic review of the subject literature and the exploration of relevant qualitative research methods. Data was collected through time-line interviews. The findings show how consulting engineers' work roles and tasks determine their information needs during various engineering project stages. These factors also determine the use of various sources during information seeking. Consulting engineers use a variety of information sources but rely mainly on interpersonal communication to gather information. Digital cameras are used by consulting engineers to record progress in a project. They also use Internet technologies such as email and FTP sites to communicate project related information. Recommendations were put forward for the development of an Internet-based information service for consulting engineers. / Information science / M.Inf.

This study involved a qualitative investigation of consulting engineers' information needs and information-seeking behaviour within the context of their project-related work roles and tasks. The research design includes a study of various information behaviour models, a systematic review of the subject literature and the exploration of relevant qualitative research methods. Data was collected through time-line interviews. The findings show how consulting engineers' work roles and tasks determine their information needs during various engineering project stages. These factors also determine the use of various sources during information seeking. Consulting engineers use a variety of information sources but rely mainly on interpersonal communication to gather information. Digital cameras are used by consulting engineers to record progress in a project. They also use Internet technologies such as email and FTP sites to communicate project related information. Recommendations were put forward for the development of an Internet-based information service for consulting engineers. / Information science / M.Inf.

This thesis is concerned with a research project conducted with a Swedish company to provide recommendations for developing a prototypical information system for the company. The system’s goal was to consolidate data regarding the company’s supply chain and packaging conditions in order to find improvements in packaging development. The thesis employed the use of Soft Systems Methodology to aid with the system development process. A qualitative explorative study was designed for this purpose. Soft Systems Methodology was used after exploring alternative methodologies. This was chosen as the researchers found it important to engage the case company in the system development process. Four semi-structured interviews and two workshops with the relevant officials were the main methods of collecting data. Models such as a rich picture, CATWOE and PQR formula were utilized during the research to visualize important aspects of the system development process. As a result of the research, the researchers were able to provide the company with recommendations for how to further proceed with the development process. Another result of the study was that Soft Systems Methodology was able to unlock tacit information. The methodology also allowed for a consideration of the implementation of an iterative process to support the development. The results of this research suggest that introducing and making use of Soft Systems Methodology is very stimulating in an environment not already using it. The research provided insights needed for progress towards a successful implementation of a new information system, and contributes a real-world SSM case in a corporate environment. The researchers also suggest future opportunities for research that could further build on the work presented in the thesis.

La santé mentale des jeunes est préoccupante. La présence d’un trouble mental et les conséquences associées à l’adolescence et au début de l’âge adulte peuvent entraîner diverses répercussions négatives sur le bien-être et le fonctionnement à long terme et complexifier cette délicate période développementale. Il importe donc de développer des stratégies de soutien au mieux-être et à l’adaptation des jeunes qui soient ajustées à leurs caractéristiques et besoins développementaux. Go with the flow est un programme novateur d’intervention par la danse pour des jeunes vivant avec des troubles mentaux, piloté à l’été 2021 avec le soutien du Laboratoire Espace Transition du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine. Dans le cadre d’une étude exploratoire qualitative, nous avons investigué en quoi et comment la danse peut être un outil d’intervention pertinent pour favoriser le bien-être et l’adaptation de ces jeunes. Nous avons réalisé des entrevues semi-structurées auprès des sept participant.e.s âgé.e.s entre 13 et 25 ainsi que de leur accompagnateur clinique (n = 8). Nous avons procédé à l’analyse thématique des matériaux colligés afin de répondre à deux objectifs de recherche : 1) documenter les effets perçus de la participation au programme Go with the flow relativement au bien-être affectif et 2) mettre en lumière les ingrédients et mécanismes d’action associés. Les résultats de notre étude exploratoire suggèrent que le programme Go with the flow a le potentiel de favoriser le mieux-être affectif des participant.e.s, en augmentant notamment les pensées et affects positifs, en diminuant les pensées et affects négatifs, et en accroissant l’énergie et la motivation. Ces changements favorables perçus seraient attribuables à plusieurs composantes du programme, telles l’activité physique, l’univers du hip-hop, les éléments à caractère identitaire, les compétences et attitudes de l’artiste-animatrice, ainsi que certaines activités spécifiques du programme. Ces composantes auraient servi d’ingrédients contribuant à la mise en place de divers mécanismes de changement tels la transfusion d’énergie, l’exploration de son corps ainsi qu’un retour à soi et la possibilité de sortir de sa zone de confort et de lâcher prise. Ensemble, ces résultats nous ont permis de dégager une première théorie d’action du programme Go with the flow en matière de bien-être affectif et d’ainsi contribuer à la compréhension du potentiel de la danse comme médium d’intervention en soutien au rétablissement et au développement positif des jeunes vivant avec des troubles mentaux. / The youth’s mental health state is concerning. The presence of mental disorders and the consequences related to teenage years and the beginning of adulthood may cause various negative repercussions on the well-being and social functioning of young ones, which complexify their development period. Therefore, it is important to develop some self-care strategies, which must be adapted to their characteristics and development needs. Go with the flow is an innovative intervention program using dance with the youth living with mental health problems. The program was piloted with the support of the CHU Sainte-Justine’s Laboratoire Espace Transition (LET), during the summer of 2021. A qualitative exploratory study deepens how dance could be an intervention tool to promote well-being and help adaptation for these young people. Semi-constructed interviews were conducted with seven participants, aged 13 to 25 years, as well as their clinical coach (n = 8). The data collected was analysed with a thematic analysis, wanting to answer 2 goals: 1 ) To document the perceived effects of the program on the emotional well-being of the participants and 2) to shed light on the associated mechanisms of action. Data analysis had enabled us to identify a first theory of action about affect change. The findings of the study suggest that the Go with the flow program would increase the feeling of well-being, reduce stress and calm the subject. Indirectly, the program would also increase positive thoughts and the feelings of energy and motivation, while reducing negative thoughts. These perceived effects would be attributable to several components of the program: physical activity, emphasis on pleasure, the bi-weekly recurrence of the program, the use of music, the hip-hop universe, the verbal sharing, the identifying characteristics, the skills, and attitude of the artist-host, as well as the other program activities. These components would have contributed to generating a share of energies, to promote an inclusive, adapted, positive, entertaining, and pressure-free experience that has made the young person feel comfortable, to allow the exploration of their body as well to refocus themselves, allowing them to get out of their comfort zone. This study brings out some reflections on the potential of using dance as an intervention tool and show some similarities between the Go with the flow program and theoretical models in psychoeducation theories.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett omfattande problem över hela världen. En tredjedel av alla vårdskador i Sverige är vårdrelaterade infektioner. De vårdrelaterade infektionerna orsakar lidande hos de drabbade och medför stora kostnader för samhället. En VRI kostar i genomsnitt 107 000 kr per patient för svensk sjukvård. Händerna utgör den största smittkällan för sjukdomar inom vården och därför är det viktigt att vårdpersonalen tillämpar basala hygienrutiner i sitt arbete då detta kan minska spridningen av VRI inom vården. Syftet: Studiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenhet av följsamhet till handhygienrutiner inom slutenvård. Metod: Litteraturstudien använde 10 kvalitativa vetenskapsartiklar. Litteratursökningar gjordes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Kvalitetsgranskningen av utvalda studier genomfördes med SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Slutligen representerade de tio kvalitativa vetenskap artiklarna den samlade informationen i den aktuella litteraturstudien. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: rutiner som påverkar följsamhet, kunskap och färdigheter samt övriga faktorer som påverkar handhygienen. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor hävdar att brist på handhygienprodukter, personalbrist och kunskap påverkar följsamheten till handhygien rutinerna negativt. / Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a widespread issue worldwide. One-third of all healthcare injuries in Sweden are healthcare-associated infections. The care-related infections cause suffering to those affected and entail large costs for society. An HAI, on average, costs SEK 107,000 per patient for Swedish healthcare. The hands are the largest source of infection for diseases in healthcare and therefore it is important that healthcare professionals apply basic hygiene routines in their work as this can reduce the spread of HAI in healthcare. Aim: The aim of the study was to shed light on nurses' compliance with hand hygiene routines in hospitals. Method: A literature study including10 qualitative science articles. Literature searches were performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Quality review of selected studies was conducted with SBU's review template for qualitative studies. Finally, the ten qualitative scientific articles represented the collected information in the current literature review. Result: In the result, three categories of routines impacting compliance, knowledge, and skills, as well as other factors influencing hand hygiene. Conclusion: Nurses claim that a lack of hand hygiene products, lack of staff and knowledge has a negative effect on compliance with hand hygiene routines.

Therapeutic horseback riding (THR) uses the horse as a therapeutic apparatus in physical and psychological therapy. This dissertation suggests a more appropriate technique for measuring the effect of THR. A research survey of the statistical methods used to determine the effect of THR was undertaken. Although researchers observed clinically meaningful change in several of the studies, this was not supported by statistical tests. A logistic regression approach is proposed as a solution to many of the problems experienced by researchers on THR. Since large THR related data sets are not available, data were simulated. Logistic regression and t-tests were used to analyse the same simulated data sets, and the results were compared. The advantages of the logistic regression approach are discussed. This statistical technique can be applied in any field where the therapeutic value of an intervention has to be proven scientifically. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Statistics)

Therapeutic horseback riding (THR) uses the horse as a therapeutic apparatus in physical and psychological therapy. This dissertation suggests a more appropriate technique for measuring the effect of THR. A research survey of the statistical methods used to determine the effect of THR was undertaken. Although researchers observed clinically meaningful change in several of the studies, this was not supported by statistical tests. A logistic regression approach is proposed as a solution to many of the problems experienced by researchers on THR. Since large THR related data sets are not available, data were simulated. Logistic regression and t-tests were used to analyse the same simulated data sets, and the results were compared. The advantages of the logistic regression approach are discussed. This statistical technique can be applied in any field where the therapeutic value of an intervention has to be proven scientifically. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Statistics)

Sex-education in Canada has predominantly been informed by an abstinence-based content, leaving the sexual literacy of adolescents hanging in the balance. As public health statistics indicate, sexually transmitted infection, early and unwanted pregnancy, and rates of HIV/ AIDS are staggeringly high. At the center of these statistics is the young Black female, as they are disproportionately over-represented in negative public health statistics. Many factors have been theorized to be the cause; from socioeconomic factors to educational limitations, it has been historically concluded that the individual failings and class issues of Black women are the root cause of sexual decision making that causes negative health implications. However, adopting a critical perspective may lead to a different conclusion. This qualitative study sought to explore if the lack of comprehensive, racially attentive, and reflective sex-education as well as the influential societal discourse that shapes Black women and their sexuality in stereotypical lights, may have an impact on the sexual decision making of Black women. Through centering and highlighting the lived experiences, perspectives, and insights of a diverse pool of Black women, the stereotypes and scripts of Black femininity and sexuality, their root causes, and the impacts on young Black girl’s sexual decision making were captured to collaboratively redefine and reclaim Black femininity and sexuality while capturing what would be helpful to include in sex-education, specific to Black girls and women. This study’s theoretical underpinnings are Black Feminist Theory, Critical Race Theory, and Hip-Hop Feminism, which has been coined by me as “the trifecta”. A focus group with Black female-identified participants was conducted and facilitated through open-ended question and discussion based processes. Thematic analysis was adopted to explore themes, meanings and to gain a better understanding of the participant’s collective perspectives regarding sex-education and Black femininity and sexuality. The main finding of this study, based in the lived experiences and insights of the participants, were that harmful societal scripts and stereotypes about Black femininity and sexuality historically and as they are presented in popular media, coupled with inconsistent and bare sex education, has the ability to affect the sexual decision making of young Black girls in a way that feeds participation in unsafe sexual practices. This study fills gaps in literature because it contributes to the limited critical body of research that paramount the voices and insight of Black women in regards to sexual practice. This study also fills gaps by extending the conversation of Black women and sexual decision making, by suggesting tangible solutions of how the participant’s insights can be injected into larger policy and practice as well as social work research. The information supplied by the participants of this study will help social workers, policy makers, and educators create racially attentive, comprehensive, and accessible sex-education. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW) / Sex-education in Canada has predominantly been informed by an abstinence-based content, leaving the sexual literacy of adolescents hanging in the balance. As public health statistics indicate, sexually transmitted infection, early and unwanted pregnancy, and rates of HIV/ AIDS are staggeringly high. At the center of these statistics is the young Black female, as they are disproportionately over-represented in negative public health statistics. Many factors have been theorized to be the cause; from socioeconomic factors to educational limitations, it has been historically concluded that the individual failings and class issues of Black women are the root cause of sexual decision making that causes negative health implications. However, adopting a critical perspective may lead to a different conclusion. This qualitative study sought to explore if the lack of comprehensive, racially attentive, and reflective sex-education as well as the influential societal discourse that shapes Black women and their sexuality in stereotypical lights, may have an impact on the sexual decision making of Black women. Through centering and highlighting the lived experiences, perspectives, and insights of a diverse pool of Black women, the stereotypes and scripts of Black femininity and sexuality, their root causes, and the impacts on young Black girl’s sexual decision making were captured to collaboratively redefine and reclaim Black femininity and sexuality while capturing what would be helpful to include in sex-education, specific to Black girls and women. This study’s theoretical underpinnings are Black Feminist Theory, Critical Race Theory, and Hip-Hop Feminism, which has been coined by me as “the trifecta”. A focus group with Black female-identified participants was conducted and facilitated through open-ended question and discussion based processes. Thematic analysis was adopted to explore themes, meanings and to gain a better understanding of the participant’s collective perspectives regarding sex-education and Black femininity and sexuality. The main finding of this study, based in the lived experiences and insights of the participants, were that harmful societal scripts and stereotypes about Black femininity and sexuality historically and as they are presented in popular media, coupled with inconsistent and bare sex education, has the ability to affect the sexual decision making of young Black girls in a way that feeds participation in unsafe sexual practices. This study fills gaps in literature because it contributes to the limited critical body of research that paramount the voices and insight of Black women in regards to sexual practice. This study also fills gaps by extending the conversation of Black women and sexual decision making, by suggesting tangible solutions of how the participant’s insights can be injected into larger policy and practice as well as social work research. The information supplied by the participants of this study will help social workers, policy makers, and educators create racially attentive, comprehensive, and accessible sex-education.