Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Social workers employed by the Department of Social Development in South Africa are tasked with the provision of a broad spectrum of social services and may specialise in fields, such as welfare planning, which involves the capacity building, support and monitoring of welfare organisations. Early childhood development services fall in this category, as these services are monitored by social workers. Social workers employed by the Department of Social Development are the only group tasked with the mandate to capacitate, register partial care facilities and programmes, as well as monitor unregistered and registered facilities, on an on-going basis. Social workers adhere to these mandates amid many challenges. The aim of this study is to develop guidelines for social workers, who render services to Early Childhood Development (partial care) facilities. The objectives of this study are to explore the needs of social workers in the Early Childhood Development field in the Department of Social Development, identify challenges related to effective service delivery, explore the current methods of service delivery, develop guidelines and refined the draft guidelines, through a Delphi study. The Intervention Research design was used in this study, as it best suited the development of a tool; however, it was adapted to use only certain phases that were suitable for implementation for this study. The adaptation involved the use of the first four phases of the Intervention research method, combining of phase 1 and 2 to form a new phase 1 of the modified phases that linked to objectives one and two of the study. Therefore, this study only has three operational phases. A qualitative methodology was employed in this study to achieve the intended outcomes. Data collection occurred through semi-structured and telephonic interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select twenty (20) social workers from the Department of Social Development in the Western Cape and five (5) in the Eastern Cape. These participants engaged with Early Childhood Development facilities and interviews were conducted with them, while five (5) telephonic interviews were conducted with social workers in the Eastern Province. Conclusions from the analysed data were used to develop guidelines for DSD social workers within ECD settings. Two rounds of a Delphi study were employed to refine the proposed guidelines.

Currently, hospital organizations represent the most wmplex contemporary companies due to their structure, processes and ciients specificities. In order to achieve the hospital aims, its management should be concemed with business as well as health assistance, improving the scarce financia1 resources to offer qualified assistance to the population. In this area, it is increasing the difficulty to access speciaiiied services, mainly regarding poorer communities. Perhaps, it is because of the govemment lack of intemt and low investtnents in public policies and preventive health care, thereby aggravating the problems faced by these organizations management. In this health chaos, it is necessary to invest in the hospital management system, either public or private. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose an evaluation and diagnosis methodology of hospital management based on the Productivity and Quality Gaucho Pmgram (PQGP) and the Brazilian Program of Hospital Accreditation. This study is a descriptive, qualitative and bibliographical research that made it possible to develop a comparison between the two programs critena in order to verifi convergent and divergent aspects. After this analysis it was found that both programs present compatible and complementary aiteria. Thus, the evaluation methodology proposed will benefit assessment and diagnosis of health institutions, satisfying specific criteria, including legislation, and will enable the organization to score points and to get prizes offered by the PQGP as a reward for the effort to the improvement of the sewices quality and aiming at excellence. / Atualmente, as organizações hospitalares representam as empresas mais complexas da modernidade, devido as suas especificidades de estrutura, processos e clientes. Para atender a missão do hospital, sua gestão deve estar voltada tanto ao negócio quanto para a assistência à saúde, otimizando os escassos recursos financeiros a fim de oferecer assistência com qualidade h população. A dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde especializados nesta área é crescente, principalmente às comunidades mais carentes. Talvez, pelo descaso governamental que pouco investe em políticas públicas e saúde preventiva, agravando assim os problemas de gestão dessas organizações. Neste caos que a saúde enfrenta, urge investir no sistema de gestão das organizaç5es hospitalares, sejam elas públicas ou privadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor uma metodologia de avaliação e diagnóstico da gestão hospitalar com base no Programa Gaúcho da Qualidade e Produtividade e no Programa Brasileiro de Acreditação Hospitalar. Este estudo caracteriza-se por ser uma pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, biblioafica, que permitiu elaborar um alinhamento de critérios entre os dois programas com o intuito de verificar pontos convergentes e divergentes. Essa análise propiciou concluir que ambos os programas apresentam critérios compatíveis e complementares. Deste modo, a metodologia de avaliação proposta trará benefícios na avaliação e diagnóstico das organizações de saúde, satisfazendo critérios específicos, inclusive no que se refere à legislação, além de possibilitar que o órgão aferido receba pontuação e participe das modalidades de premiação oferecidas pelo PGQP, como reconhecimento do esforço para a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços em busca da excelência

The United States health care expenditures are higher than any other developed country. Due to this, physician payment reform is moving from fee-for-service (FFS) to a value-based model, with a focus on prevention and quality. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure the effect of a series of data delivery interventions associated with the quality scorecards and which method increased the quality scores at a medical teaching practice in Tennessee. Data were gathered via the Physician Quality Scorecard, an internally developed instrument. Each quarter, a different data delivery intervention was performed, and scorecard data were analyzed for comparison. The study population included all living faculty and resident physicians who practiced medicine between quality years 2018-2020. Statistical procedures included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Data analyses revealed that the data delivery intervention of email only was more likely than other interventions to yield the most positive change in quality scores in the years 2018-2020. However, the classroom training data delivery method generated the most positive change and email only generated the least positive change in the quality year 2019 only. The quality year 2018, yielded the best quality year overall. It is important to note that data collected in 2020 may have limitations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-08T13:51:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Bruna.pdf: 1954456 bytes, checksum: 57829be2f3279b037a03b03b9916eaf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T13:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Bruna.pdf: 1954456 bytes, checksum: 57829be2f3279b037a03b03b9916eaf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-15 / CAPES / Atualmente, diante do mercado cada vez mais globalizado e altamente competitivo nota-se uma maior exigência dos clientes por melhores produtos e serviços oferecidos pelas organizações. Diante de tal realidade, a gestão da qualidade tem adquirido uma importância cada vez maiorna busca por maiores níveis de competitividade das empresas, uma vez que a utilização de ferramentas e programas de qualidade nos processos produtivos das organizações podem proporcionar inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria do produto final, aumento da produtividade e redução dos custos operacionais. Portanto, esta dissertação tem por objetivo realizar um mapeamento do perfil das empresas do APL têxtil de Pernambuco quanto ao uso das ferramentas da gestão da qualidade. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e umlevantamento de informações em 29 empresas que compõem o APL de Confecções do Agreste Pernambucano. Os dados foram coletados com a utilização de um questionário estruturado contendo 33 questões, que foi direcionado para gestores da área de produção e daqualidade e a aplicação foi realizada nos meses de junho, agosto e setembro de 2015. Os resultados oriundos dessa pesquisa mostram que o elemento “qualidade” não é fator prioritário destas organizações. Também, verificou-se que uma pequena parcela das empresas utiliza programas e ferramentas da gestão da qualidade. Ainda sob análise dos dados, constatou-se que apenas uma empresa, dentre as analisadas, possui certificação ISO 9001, razão estaconsiderada críticaem uma região de grande representatividade para a economia do Agreste de Pernambuco. / Nowadays, given the increasingly globalized and highly competitive market, it has been identified a major demand from clients for better products and services offered by the enterprises. Based on this reality, the quality management has acquired an increasing importance in the search for higher levels of enterprises competitiveness, because the use of quality tools and programs in the organization productive processes can provide various benefits as improvements in the final products, increasing productivity and reduce of the operate costs. Therefore, this work aims to perform a profile mapping of companies in the textile APL of Pernambuco regarding to the use of quality management tools. For reaching this goal, it was performed a bibliographic research and a collection of information in 29 enterprises that compose the textile APL at Pernambuco/Brazil. The data was collected with the use of a structured questionnaire with 33 questions. This questionnaire was directed to the managers in the production and quality fields and the application was made in June, August and September of 2015. The research results show that the element “quality” is not a priority factor of these organizations. It was also identified that a small portion of the enterprises uses programs and tools of quality management. Still regarding to the data analysis, it was identified that only one among the analyzed companies has ISO 9001 certification, which is considered a critical factor in a region of great representativity to the economy of Pernambuco.

This licentiate thesis on architecture addresses how the state and municipalities use programs that deal with the design process in town planning projects. The author describes the process of creating an aesthetic design program and also studies a completed aesthetic design program. Furthermore, the author combines different findings and presents how programs develop during the planning process. The background of the work with architectural policy programs by the state agencies can be tracked in the program Shape of the Future – Program of Action, Design and Creative Design, 1997. Municipalities have also been influenced by architectural policy programs in their work. Changes in the Plan and Built Act, 1998/1999 that concern aesthetic values have also had effect on their work. The thesis presents four studies that comprise concept analysis, a case study of a municipal planning process, a road movie test and finally a comparison of different methods for evaluation of aesthetic design programs in road design projects. The first study presents a survey of the linguistic usage for programs that concern the design process. Examples from Sweden from the period 1999-2005 have been studied. Also, differences in the usage of the programs between the property developers and the town planning departments have been studied. The study showed that four types of programs were more commonly used: achitectural programs, aesthetic design programs, architectural quality programs and urban design programs. The distinctions in the programs can be used as foundation for more clear and uniform language use among the property developers and town planning departments. The second study follows the planning process of creating an aesthetic design program for the area Kvibergs äng in Gothenburg. An example of city development, the planning process contains both house planning and traffic planning. By the study the author search to increase the comprehension of developing aesthetic design programs and the knowledge of the distribution of power in town planning projects. The case relies on multiple sources of evidence, participant observations have been a main source. The case study consists of two kinds of analysis, a process analysis account of planning process and a discourse analytic interpretation of work of the planning group. The work with the aesthetic design program and the city plan stopped before it was completed. The planning group did not succeed in creating consensus among key actors. The differences in objectives among the architectural discourse, traffic planning discourse and the property developer discourse are some of the reasons why the aesthetic design program has not been completed. There were differences in interests and goals among the participants in the project of city development. The claim made throughout the study is that a common goal for the planning work is significant and it is essential to create consensus among the participants. In addition, the municipalities need guidance for aesthetic design programs to be able to guarantee the architectural quality. The third study describes a full scale experiment “road movie”. A film and a questionnaire were tried to evaluate the aesthetic design program for the detour past Sollefteå. The question was: Are film and questionnaire more easily available in comparison to traditional evaluation methods? Film was chosen as medium, since while driving on the road the experience is dynamic and similar to watching the movie. The film was shown to three independent groups. A total of 25 persons participated in the test. The informants were all professionals, either students or persons that worked with design tasks. The informants were asked to answer questions that concerned three kinds of evaluation criteria: research criteria, professional criteria and criteria specific for the program. The experiment showed that the informants had a positive attitude to use film for showing completed aesthetic design and evaluating road architecture. Film was a medium that showed critical viewpoints on the aesthetic design program and on completed design measures. In the beginning the method was expensive and took a lot of time, which was compensated by the fact that it was possible to conduct anywhere and anytime. The film also gave a good general impression of the road. The method was good at putting together measures and result when appraising the aesthetic design program. The fourth study shows a comparison of methods for evaluations that were used for completed aesthetic design programs at the Swedish Road Administration. A rich material was available to investigate the difference between film and other methods for evaluation. The evaluations carried out were: Tuning at place with the aesthetic design program, Evaluation at place with criteria and Qualitative evaluation. The issue investigated was: Which one of the methods of evaluation gave the best basis for assessment of the aesthetic design program and the result of the completed design measures. The study showed that used methods were suited in different situations. Tuning at place with the aesthetic design program was the fastest and cheapest method, it was only a local evaluation. With Evaluation at place with criteria more resources were needed, a discussion with informants was added. The method Qualitative evaluation was the only one of the methods that had users in the role as informants. The users provided new information through local knowledge. Film and questionnaire was the only one of the methods that gave critical comments to the aesthetic design program. The method put together program, measures and result. The method Film and questionnaire is based on criteria of research. Method and result become comparable with other evaluations that are built on theory. / Denna licentiatavhandling behandlar program avsedda att styra gestaltningen i stadsutvecklingsprojekt. En central frågeställning i avhandlingsarbetet har varit att undersöka hur programmen används hos statliga byggherrar och kommuner. Jag valde dels att följa ett gestaltningsprogram under själva framtagningsprocessen, dels att studera ett färdigt och genomfört gestaltningsprogram. Tillsammans ger studierna kunskap om bestaltningsprogrammets utvecklingsförlopp under planeringsprocessen från tidiga skeden till uppföljning av genomförda gestaltningsåtgärder. Bakgrunden till de statliga myndigheternas arbeten med arkitekturpolitiska handlingsprogram kan spåras i programmet Framtidsformer – Handlingsprogram för arkitektur, formgivning och design, 1997. Även kommuner har blivit påverkade av handlingsprogrammet i sitt arbete med arkitekturprogram. De ändringar i Plan- och bygglagen, 1998/1999, som berör estetiska värden har också haft betydelse för stadsbyggnadskontorens hantering av planprojekt. Licentiatavhandlingen innehåller fyra delstudier, de omfattar en kartläggande begreppsanalys, en fallstudie av en kommunal planprocess, ett filmförsök med utvärdering och slutligen en jämförelse av olika utvärderingsmetoder för gestaltningsprogram i vägprojekt. I den första delstudien redovisas en kartläggning av språkbruket som rör program för gestaltningsfrågor. Svenska exempel på hur programmen används som hjälpmedel i planeringsprocessen hos stat och kommuner mellan åren 1999–2005 studeras. Studien visar att fyra programtyper dominerar: arkitekturprogram, gestaltningsprogram, kvalitetsprogram och stadsmiljöprogram. Det råder inte något enhetligt språkbruk på området och studien avslutas med ett förslag till definitioner av förekommande programtyper. En klarare begreppsanvändning framstår som önskvärd. Den andra delstudien följer tillblivelseprocessen för ett kommande gestaltningsprogram för bebyggelsen vid Kvibergs äng i Göteborg. Planprocessen innehåller både bebyggelseplanering och trafikplanering. Genom studien söker jag få en ökad förståelse för utvecklingen av gestaltningsprogram och kunskap om maktordningen inom stadsutvecklingsprojekt. Information samlade jag främst genom deltagande observation vid möten som behandlade gestaltningsprogram och intervjuer. Fallbeskrivningen redovisar dels en processanalys av planeringsprocessen, dels en diskursanalytisk tolkning av planeringsgruppens arbete. Arbetet med gestaltningsprogrammet och detaljplanen avstannade innan det var färdigt till följd av oklarheter i planeringsprocessen och politiska omprioriteringar. En bidragande orsak kan sökas i skillnaden mellan de tre diskurser som var representerade i planeringsgruppen: arkitekturdiskursen, trafikplaneringsdiskursen och byggherrediskursen. De representerade olika intressen och målbilder i stadsutvecklingsprojektet. Resultatet av studien visar att en gemensam målbild för arbetet är viktig för att skapa samsyn bland mötesdeltagarna. En vägledning för gestaltningsprogram hos kommuner behövs för att säkra de arkitektoniska kvaliteterna. Den tredje delstudien beskriver ett fullskaleförsök, ”road movie”, där film och enkät prövades för att utvärdera genomförda gestaltningsåtgärder för förbifarten vid Sollefteå. Är film och frågeformulär ett mer lättillgängligt sätt jämfört med traditionella utvärderingar? Film valdes för att det finns en dynamik som är inbyggd i att färdas på vägen som liknar filmens möjlighet att redovisa en upplevelse av rörelse. Filmen visades för tre oberoende grupper vid olika tillfällen. Sammanlagt deltog 25 personer i försöken. Informanterna var professionella, antingen studenter eller personer som arbetade med gestaltningsfrågor. För att undersöka hur road movien uppfattades av informanterna fick de svara på frågor rörande tre typer av utvärderingskriterier: forskningskriterier, professionella kriterier och programspecifika kriterier. Informanterna i försöket var överlag positiva till att använda sig av film, både för att visa genomförda gestaltningsåtgärder och för att utvärdera vägarkitektur. Filmen var ett medium som lockade fram kritiska synpunkter både på gestaltningsprogrammet och utförda gestaltningsåtgärder. Initialt var metoden tids- och kostnadskrävande, vilket kompenserades med att den vid tillämpning var oberoende av tid och rum. Filmen återgav ett bra helhetsperspektiv av vägen. Metodiken bidrog till att länka samman åtgärder och resultat vid bedömningen. Den fjärde delstudien är en jämförelse av utvärderingsmetoder för genomförda gestaltningsprogram inom Vägprojekt. Det fanns ett rikt jämförelsematerial för att undersöka skillnader mellan film och övriga utvärderingsmetoder. De genomförda utvärderingarna var: Avstämning på plats mot gestaltningsprogrammet, Utvärdering på plats med utvärderingskriterier och Kvalitativ utvärdering. Den frågeställning som undersöktes var vilken av metoderna som gav det bästa underlaget för bedömning av gestaltningsprogram och bedömning av vidtagna gestaltningsåtgärder. Resultatet av jämförelsen visar att använda utvärderingsmetoder lämpade sig för olika användningsområden. Avstämning på plats mot gestaltningsprogrammet var den snabbaste och billigaste metoden, det blev dock endast en lokal utvärdering. Utvärdering på plats med utvärderingskriterier var mer resurskrävande, det tillkom även ett diskussionsmoment med informanterna. Metoden Kvalitativ utvärdering var den enda av metoderna som hade brukare som informatörer. Brukare tillförde ny kunskap genom sin lokalkännedom. Film och enkät var den enda av metoderna som gav kritiska kommentarer till gestaltningsprogrammet. Den bidrog till att länka samman program, åtgärder och resultat. Metoden film och enkät bygger på forskningsbaserade kriterier och härigenom blir metodik och resultat jämförbara med teoribaserade utvärderingar. / QC 20101125