This Master of Arts project in Creative Writing was submitted to the School of Creative Media at Royal Melbourne University of Technology. It contains a full length feature screenplay for an un-produced road movie entitled Free Radicals. It is primarily a dark love story between the drug-addicted rent boy Roman and the budding actor, the protagonist Jonathan. It is however written in a conventional structure familiar to Hollywood professionals, and a good deal of humour is used to attract interest in the story. The storyline itself is more familiar to the audience of road movies and independent features in the US or European Art House ventures. The exegesis explores the history and the conventions of the road movie genre, in addition to the established and not often debated conventions of screenwriting theory. The thesis attempts to show how these theories were applied to the screenplay and how they influenced the process of writing it within an academic and commercial context. The MA project shows how different expectations may create a conflict in the personal writing process and inspire a product that makes compromises. The reason for reading this project may not only be the product itself but also the insight it offers into a screenwriting profession where it is often important to meet expectations.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T18:49:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gheysalemesgoncalvesgama.pdf: 4548618 bytes, checksum: 237e8caee2745f73a0be0a21f32bed87 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-27T20:48:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gheysalemesgoncalvesgama.pdf: 4548618 bytes, checksum: 237e8caee2745f73a0be0a21f32bed87 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T20:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gheysalemesgoncalvesgama.pdf: 4548618 bytes, checksum: 237e8caee2745f73a0be0a21f32bed87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / A presente tese pretende investigar a mudança na representação da identidade cultural analisando o papel alegórico desempenhado pela estrada nos road movie brasileiros lançados entre 1960 e 2015. A hipótese revela que este grupo de obras fílmicas apresenta, num determinado momento histórico, representações de identidade coletiva (a identidade nacional), modificando-se posteriormente, para representar uma identidade fragmentada. Como resultado desse esforço observa-se a existência daquilo que presentemente estamos chamando de duas fases do road movie brasileiro: a “Viagem Física” (congrega filmes lançados entre a década de 1960 até 1998) e a “Jornada Interior” (com filmes de 1998 até 2015). O que mais diferencia essas duas fases são as alegorias assumidas pela estrada nestes road movies, que se modificam, ao mesmo tempo em que se verifica mudança na própria identidade cultural, esta última confirmada em autores como Anderson (2008); Bauman (2008, 2001, 1998) e Hall (2005). Se na primeira fase a estrada é apresentada como uma alegoria da nação e do povo brasileiro, na segunda fase, começa a representar a transformação individual, odisseia subjetiva, um espaço existencial, de transformação, que se configura como um ritual de passagem. A tese é amparada, para além dos fundamentos teóricos, na análise fílmica de seis películas: Iracema, uma transa amazônica (BODANZKY; SENNA, 1974); Bye bye Brasil (DIEGUES, 1979); Jorge, um brasileiro (THIAGO, 1988); Central do Brasil (SALLES, 1998); Cinemas, aspirinas e urubus (GOMES, 2005) e Dromedário no asfalto (VARGAS, 2014). Assim, se busca demonstrar, observando a representação de algumas características sociais e culturais presentes no cinema nacional, a real confluência entre as mudanças alegóricas nos road movies brasileiros com as transformações na construção da nossa própria identidade cultural. / This thesis aims to investigate the change in the representations of the cultural identity by analyzing the allegorical role played by the road in the Brazilian road movies released between 1960 and 2015. The hypothesis is that this group of films brings about, in a given historical moment, representations of collective identity (national identity), but changing later to represent a fragmented identity. As a result of this effort one might find the existence of what is now being called the two phases of the Brazilian road movie: the "Physical Journey" (congregating films released between 1960 to 1998) and the "Journey Within" (films from 1998 to 2015). What most distinguishes these two phases are the allegories personified by the road in these road movies, which change at the same time that changes in the cultural identity occur, the latter being confirmed by authors such as Anderson (2008); Bauman (2008, 2001, 1998) and Hall (2005). If the first phase, the road is presented as an allegory of the nation and of the Brazilian people, whereas in the second phase it begins to represent the individual transformation, the subjective odyssey, an existential space of transformation, which is configured as a rite of passage. The thesis is supported, in addition to the theoretical foundations, by the cinematic analysis of six films: Iracema, uma transa amazônica (BODANZKY; SENNA, 1974); Bye bye Brasil (DIEGUES, 1979); Jorge, um brasileiro (THIAGO, 1988); Central do Brasil (SALLES, 1998); Cinemas, aspirinas e urubus (GOMES, 2005) e Dromedário no asfalto (VARGAS, 2014). Thus, this work seeks to show, by watching the representation of some social and cultural characteristics present in the national cinema, the real confluence between the allegorical changes in Brazilian road movies with those in the construction of our own cultural identity.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle, sous la direction de M. Philippe Despoix (Université de Montréal) et de M. Michel Marie (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3) / Apparu au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la publication en 1957 d’On the Road de Jack Kerouac et la sortie, 12 ans plus tard, d’Easy Rider de Dennis Hopper, le road novel et le road movie constituent à nos yeux les deux versants de ce que nous avons choisi de nommer le récit de la route. Devant l’absence de réelle étude conjointe entre les deux formes et la persistance d’amalgames, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence ce qui permettrait de distinguer le road novel et le road movie d’autres récits d’errance. Un tel travail nécessite la mise au jour d’un outil d’analyse intermédial permettant d’embrasser de concert des œuvres relevant d’expressions médiatiques différentes. Nous proposons donc de recourir au concept de chronotope développé par Bakhtine en littérature, et dont il a été démontré il y a peu qu’il est aussi susceptible de s’appliquer à un objet cinématographique. Nous posons que road novel et road movie reposent sur la combinaison d’un ensemble de chronotopes fondamentaux : celui de la route, dans le contexte de la motorisation et des non-lieux de la postmodernité, et celui du seuil, compris comme l’expression du tournant d’une vie. La présence d’une dimension parodique nous amène en outre à mobiliser un autre concept bakhtinien : celui de carnavalesque, qui s’articulerait justement autour des chronotopes de la route et du seuil définis précédemment. Afin de procéder à cette analyse chronotopique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus d’œuvres empruntées au répertoire américain, québécois et allemand, en raison notamment des multiples passerelles susceptibles d’être érigées entre ces différentes cultures. / Appearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac, followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper’s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literary criticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and road movies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one’s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narratives calls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures.

Este projeto analisa quatro filmes da América Latina que têm como ponto comum o fato de estarem centrados em personagens que realizam viagens em seus países de origem (dois filmes) e na América do Sul (outros dois). O objetivo é demarcar nestas obras construídas sob a necessidade do deslocamento, dados constitutivos de identidade e pertencimento a uma dada geografia física e humana. Os que percorrem a América Latina são Diários de Motocicleta, dirigido pelo brasileiro Walter Salles e El viaje la aventura de ser joven, do cineasta argentino Fernando Ezequiel Pino Solanas. Os que centram suas narrativas em território nacional são Central do Brasil, também de Walter Salles, e Facundo, la sombra del tigre, do diretor argentino Nicolás Sarquís. O estudo aborda a relação dessas obras com o contexto cultural e político da América Latina dos anos 60, com destaque pontual a Brasil e Argentina, e discute como se apropriam do gênero road movie. Defende, ainda, que os quatro expõem e traduzem uma das tensões centrais da pós-modernidade, que é a sua convivência com o universo cultural da chamada modernidade sólida. Tal procedimento deriva principalmente da condição de percorrer a estrada e nela afirmar uma identidade configurada por valores quase sempre idealizados e nostálgicos, formando um conjunto de filmes que expressa a persistência das ficções-nacionais e pan-continentais no cinema contemporâneo de Brasil e Argentina. / This project will analyze four Latin American movies that have in common the fact of being centered in characters that travel around their country of origin (two movies) and South America (two other movies). The objective is to demarcate in these movies, which were built under the need of displacement, relevant information regarding the identity and belonging of a given physical and human geography.The two movies that take place in Latin America are Diários de Motocicleta, directed by the Brazilian Walter Salles and El viaje la aventura de ser joven, from the Argentinean filmmaker Fernando Ezequiel Pino Solanas. The other two movies that focus their narratives on national territory are Central do Brasil also from Walter Salles and Facundo, la sombra del tigre from Argentinean director Nicolás Sarquís. The study addresses the relationship of these works with the political and cultural context in Latin America on the 60s, with focus on Brazil and Argentina, and discusses how these movies also appropriate the road movie style. It also defends the idea that these movies expose and reflect one of the central tensions of post-modernity, which is its coexistence with the cultural universe called solid modernity. This procedure comes mainly from the condition of riding the road and on it reaffirming an identity shaped by values that are, almost always, idealized and nostalgic, forming a set of films that express the persistency of national fixation and pan-continental for Brazil and Argentinas contemporary cinema.

Este projeto analisa quatro filmes da América Latina que têm como ponto comum o fato de estarem centrados em personagens que realizam viagens em seus países de origem (dois filmes) e na América do Sul (outros dois). O objetivo é demarcar nestas obras construídas sob a necessidade do deslocamento, dados constitutivos de identidade e pertencimento a uma dada geografia física e humana. Os que percorrem a América Latina são Diários de Motocicleta, dirigido pelo brasileiro Walter Salles e El viaje la aventura de ser joven, do cineasta argentino Fernando Ezequiel Pino Solanas. Os que centram suas narrativas em território nacional são Central do Brasil, também de Walter Salles, e Facundo, la sombra del tigre, do diretor argentino Nicolás Sarquís. O estudo aborda a relação dessas obras com o contexto cultural e político da América Latina dos anos 60, com destaque pontual a Brasil e Argentina, e discute como se apropriam do gênero road movie. Defende, ainda, que os quatro expõem e traduzem uma das tensões centrais da pós-modernidade, que é a sua convivência com o universo cultural da chamada modernidade sólida. Tal procedimento deriva principalmente da condição de percorrer a estrada e nela afirmar uma identidade configurada por valores quase sempre idealizados e nostálgicos, formando um conjunto de filmes que expressa a persistência das ficções-nacionais e pan-continentais no cinema contemporâneo de Brasil e Argentina. / This project will analyze four Latin American movies that have in common the fact of being centered in characters that travel around their country of origin (two movies) and South America (two other movies). The objective is to demarcate in these movies, which were built under the need of displacement, relevant information regarding the identity and belonging of a given physical and human geography.The two movies that take place in Latin America are Diários de Motocicleta, directed by the Brazilian Walter Salles and El viaje la aventura de ser joven, from the Argentinean filmmaker Fernando Ezequiel Pino Solanas. The other two movies that focus their narratives on national territory are Central do Brasil also from Walter Salles and Facundo, la sombra del tigre from Argentinean director Nicolás Sarquís. The study addresses the relationship of these works with the political and cultural context in Latin America on the 60s, with focus on Brazil and Argentina, and discusses how these movies also appropriate the road movie style. It also defends the idea that these movies expose and reflect one of the central tensions of post-modernity, which is its coexistence with the cultural universe called solid modernity. This procedure comes mainly from the condition of riding the road and on it reaffirming an identity shaped by values that are, almost always, idealized and nostalgic, forming a set of films that express the persistency of national fixation and pan-continental for Brazil and Argentinas contemporary cinema.

Apparu au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la publication en 1957 d’On the Road de Jack Kerouac et la sortie, 12 ans plus tard, d’Easy Rider de Dennis Hopper, le road novel et le road movie constituent à nos yeux les deux versants de ce que nous avons choisi de nommer le récit de la route. Devant l’absence de réelle étude conjointe entre les deux formes et la persistance d’amalgames, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence ce qui permettrait de distinguer le road novel et le road movie d’autres récits d’errance. Un tel travail nécessite la mise au jour d’un outil d’analyse intermédial permettant d’embrasser de concert des œuvres relevant d’expressions médiatiques différentes. Nous proposons donc de recourir au concept de chronotope développé par Bakhtine en littérature, et dont il a été démontré il y a peu qu’il est aussi susceptible de s’appliquer à un objet cinématographique. Nous posons que road novel et road movie reposent sur la combinaison d’un ensemble de chronotopes fondamentaux : celui de la route, dans le contexte de la motorisation et des non-lieux de la postmodernité, et celui du seuil, compris comme l’expression du tournant d’une vie. La présence d’une dimension parodique nous amène en outre à mobiliser un autre concept bakhtinien : celui de carnavalesque, qui s’articulerait justement autour des chronotopes de la route et du seuil définis précédemment. Afin de procéder à cette analyse chronotopique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus d’œuvres empruntées au répertoire américain, québécois et allemand, en raison notamment des multiples passerelles susceptibles d’être érigées entre ces différentes cultures. / Appearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac, followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper’s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literary criticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and road movies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one’s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narratives calls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures. / Thèse réalisée en cotutelle, sous la direction de M. Philippe Despoix (Université de Montréal) et de M. Michel Marie (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3)

Apparu au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la publication en 1957 d’On the Road de Jack Kerouac et la sortie, 12 ans plus tard, d’Easy Rider de Dennis Hopper, le road novel et le road movie constituent à nos yeux les deux versants de ce que nous avons choisi de nommer le récit de la route. Devant l’absence de réelle étude conjointe entre les deux formes et la persistance d’amalgames, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence ce qui permettrait de distinguer le road novel et le road movie d’autres récits d’errance. Un tel travail nécessite la mise au jour d’un outil d’analyse intermédial permettant d’embrasser de concert des oeuvres relevant d’expressions médiatiques différentes. Nous proposons donc de recourir au concept de chronotope développé par Bakhtine en littérature, et dont il a été démontré il y a peu qu’il est aussi susceptible de s’appliquer à un objet cinématographique. Nous posons que road novel et road movie reposent sur la combinaison d’un ensemble de chronotopes fondamentaux : celui de la route, dans le contexte de la motorisation et des non-lieux de la postmodernité, et celui du seuil, compris comme l’expression du tournant d’une vie. La présence d’une dimension parodique nous amène en outre à mobiliser un autre concept bakhtinien : celui de carnavalesque, qui s’articulerait justement autour des chronotopes de la route et du seuil définis précédemment. Afin de procéder à cette analyse chronotopique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus d’oeuvres empruntées au répertoire américain, québécois et allemand, en raison notamment des multiples passerelles susceptibles d’être érigées entre ces différentes cultures. / Appearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac,followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper’s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literarycriticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and roadmovies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one’s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narrativescalls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures.

This essay explores the colonial nature of the American road movie, specifically through the lens of how road movies treat the South according to Stuart Hall’s concepts of identity and Edward Said’s on Othering and the colonial gaze. To accomplish this, the essay analyzes the classic 1969 road movie, “Easy Rider”, and the more contemporary parody from 2008, “Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay.” The thrust of this paper becomes: if a progressive parody of road movies cannot escape the trappings of colonialism “Easy Rider” displays, perhaps the road movie itself is flawed.

A motor-mouthed rapper with a perfect ear wants to turn a golden-voiced oddball into a music superstar but his popstar ex-lover threatens to blow up her meteoric rise.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Pereira Goncalves.pdf: 4016141 bytes, checksum: c5c44d3d41c3eaa8054787b8b1f61daf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research has analyzed the social and cultural significance that the road movie narrative genre acquired in the Post-Embrafilme national production (between 1990 and 2000). The core of the research is composed of 11 (eleven) fiction motion pictures produced within this period, among them Central do Brasil, O Caminho das Nuvens, Cinema, aspirina e urubus. The paper has emphasized the understanding on the concept of contemporary culture, its articulations with the symbolic and social imaginary mythology, cultural identity and allegories, assimilated and expressed by the narrative, considering the perspective of the understanding of the historic dimension of the social environment in which this cinema is produced. As to its structuring, the thesis utilizes a theoretical approach of social sciences and, according to concepts, analysis and interpretations that it aims to achieve, it also relies on the areas pertaining to social communication, cinema, literature and music, thus attempting an interdisciplinary approach of study. The central core of the theoretical work is presented in two main streams: Latin American and English Cultural Studies and the Complexity Theory. The results of the research have confirmed the stylistic configuration of the national road movie genre despite its numerical inferiority which was also verified in exploratory research in film production worldwide. The narrative genre which was studied possesses historic mediation with the so called hypermodernity in which the road figure is one of the key elements of symbolic significance: and these are articulate in values, speeches and images with social mobility, individuality, fragmentation and reordering of time and space. A characteristic ontological approach, as well as a remarkable social criticism, was identified in the films studied. The analysis also asserts the relevance of the theme of cultural identity in the era of economic and culture globalization / Esta pesquisa analisou a significação social e cultural que o gênero narrativo road movie (filme de estrada) adquire na produção nacional Pós-Embrafilme (décadas de 1990-2000). O corpus da pesquisa compõe-se de 11 (onze) longas-metragens de ficção realizados nesse período, entre eles Central do Brasil, O caminho das nuvens, Cinema, aspirinas e urubus. O trabalho enfatizou a compreensão da noção de cultura contemporânea, suas articulações com o imaginário social e simbólico - mitologia, identidade cultural e alegorias, assimilado e expresso pela narrativa, com a perspectiva do entendimento da dimensão histórica do espaço social no qual esse cinema é produzido. A tese utiliza-se, em sua estruturação, de uma abordagem teórica das ciências sociais e, conforme conceitos, análises e interpretações que se propõe a realizar, apoia-se também nas áreas de conhecimento da comunicação social, cinema, literatura e música, buscando, assim, uma metodologia interdisciplinar de estudo. O eixo teórico central do trabalho articula-se por meio de duas correntes: os Estudos Culturais Ingleses e Latino- Americanos e a Teoria da Complexidade. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a configuração estilística do gênero cinematográfico road movie na filmografia nacional, a despeito da sua condição numericamente pouco representativa, semelhante à verificada, em pesquisa exploratória, na produção mundial. O gênero narrativo estudado possui mediação histórica com a chamada hipermodernidade, na qual a figura estrada é um dos seus elementos-chave de significação simbólica; estes, articulados em valores, discursos e imagens como mobilidade social, individualidade, fragmentação e reordenação do tempo e espaço. Identificou-se uma característica abordagem ontológica nos filmes pesquisados, bem como uma marcante criticidade social. As análises também afirmam a pertinência da temática da identidade cultural em plena era de globalização econômica e mundialização da cultura