No / After reviewing the literature on leadership that culminated in what has been described as the `New Paradigm¿, this article discusses the research which has led to the development of what might be regarded as a `New New Paradigm¿ model. The research was based on a gender-inclusive and black and minority ethnic-inclusive sample of over 3,500 managers and professionals, at different levels (chief executives, top, senior and middle managers), working in the UK National Health Service and local government. The model that emerged, which led to the development of a diagnostic 360-degree feedback instrument, the Transformational Leadership Questionnaire, has been found to be sufficiently robust as to generalize to private sector and other public sector organizations. Apart from having been inclusive at all stages of its development, the model is new in that it is based on a `nearby¿ rather than `distant¿ or `heroic¿ approach to leadership, using a Grounded Theory methodology. It leads to an understanding of leadership that goes beyond transformational models and, recognizing the significance of Greenleaf¿s concept of `servant leadership¿, focuses on the development of the individual, in an organizational context.

En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes för att undersöka samband mellan att spela våldsamma pc/tv-spel och aggressivitet. Urvalet bestod av tillgängliga respondenter på Facebook och GameReactors Facebooksida där enkäten delades. 123 stycken deltog i undersökningen varav 85 män och 38 kvinnor. För att undersöka deltagarnas spelvanor frågades hur ofta de spelar pc/tv-spel samt våldsamma spel och hur roligt de ansåg att våldsamma pc/tv-spel var. För att mäta deltagarnas aggressivitet användes testet Buss-Perry-Questionnaire som mäter aggression och fyra underskalor av aggression (fysisk aggression, verbal aggression, ilska och fientlighet). Spearmans korrelationstest användes för att undersöka samband mellan variablerna för att se om spelvanorna av våldsamma spel gav högre poäng på aggressivitet eller någon av de fyra underskalorna. Resultatet visade inga signifikanta samband mellan att spela våldsamma pc/tv-spel ofta och någon aggressionstyp. Samband fanns mellan att tycka det är roligt att spela våldsamma pc/tv-spel och verbal aggressivitet samt fysisk aggressivitet. Ett Mann Whitney U test visade skillnader mellan män och kvinnor då det gällde spelvanor och aggressivitet. Männen spelade våldsamma pc/tv-spel oftare, tyckte våldsamma pc/tv-spel var roligare, var mer fysiskt aggressiva och kvinnor var mer ilskna. Spearmans rangkorrelation visade ett negativt samband mellan ålder och att spela våldsamma pc/tv-spel ofta. De som var yngre ansåg dock inte att våldsamma spel var roligare än andra spel. Korrelationen visade inga signifikanta samband mellan ålder och aggression. Det visade sig alltså inte att de som var yngre var mer aggressiva. Slutsatsen som dras är att de som tycker om att spela våldsamma pc/tv-spel tenderar att vara mer verbalt aggressiva och fysiskt aggressiva. När det gäller frågan att spela våldsamma spel ofta är det oklart om speltiden påverkar aggressionen hos en person och mer forskning behövs på ämnet. / A quantitative survey was carried out to investigate the connection between playing violent PC / video games and aggression. The sample consisted of respondents available on Facebook and Gamereactor's Facebook page where the survey was divided. 123 people participated in the survey, of which 85 men and 38 women. To explore participants' gaming habits they were asked how often they play the PC / video games and violent game and how funny they thought that violent PC / TV game was. Bus-Perry-Questionnaire where used to measure participants' aggressiveness which measures aggression and four subscales of aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility). Spearman's correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the variables to see if the gaming habits of violent games gave higher scores on aggression or any of the four sub-scales. The results showed no significant correlation between playing violent PC / video games often and any type of aggression. Correlation existed between thinking it is fun to play violent PC / video games and verbal aggression and physical aggression. The Mann Whitney U test showed differences between men and women when it came to gaming and aggression. Men played violent PC / video games more often, thought violent PC / video games were more fun, were more physically aggressive, and women were angrier. Spearman's rank correlation showed a negative correlation between age and playing violent PC / video games frequently. Those who were younger did not consider violent games as more fun than other games. The correlation showed no significant relationship between age and aggression. It appeared, therefore, that those who were younger were more aggressive. The conclusion is that those who enjoy playing violent PC / video games tend to be more verbal aggressive and physical aggressive. Regarding the question about playing violent games often is it unclear whether the playing time affects the aggression of a person and more research is needed on the topic.

L’objectif de la recherche est de comparer une traduction d’un questionnaire américain, le Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) avec un questionnaire de victimisation préexistant au Canada, l’Enquête Sociale Générale (ESG). À l’aide d’une base de données formée par le JVQ en 2009, une comparaison a été conduite entre les victimisations de 783 jeunes âgés entre 15 et 17 ans afin de les comparer avec les victimisations de 631 jeunes âgés entre 15 et 17 ans de la base de données de l’ESG de 2009. Sur la majorité des points de comparaison établis entre les deux questionnaires, il existe des différences significatives entre les résultats obtenus par le JVQ et l’ESG. Pour les comparaisons des taux de victimisation des 12 derniers mois, 3 des 8 taux de victimisation comparés étaient similaires. Pour les comparaisons des taux de victimisation à vie, les 7 taux comparés étaient significativement différents. Cependant, il existe des explications méthodologiques et échantillonnales afin de rendre compte de ces différences. Les résultats indiquent qu’avec les différences inhérentes aux deux questionnaires, les échantillons des 15 à 17 ans présentent des taux relativement différents. Il est possible de valider l’utilisation du JVQ sur la population afin de recueillir des informations fiables sur la victimisation. Toutefois, en comparant les différentes questions individuellement, il est possible d’apporter des améliorations aux deux questionnaires utilisés. / The objective of the research is to compare a translation of an American questionnaire, the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) with a pre-existing victimization questionnaire in Canada, the General Social Survey (GSS). With the help of a database formed by using the JVQ in 2009, a comparison was conducted with victimization of 783 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years old in order to compare these results with the victimization of 631 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years old from the GSS database of 2009. For the majority of the comparisons established between the two questionnaires, there are significant differences between the victimization found by the JVQ and the GSS. For the comparison concerning the victimization rate for the last 12 month, 3 out of 8 rates compared were similar. For the comparison of lifetime victimization rates the 7 rates compared were significantly different. However, methodological and sample differences can explain some of the difference found. Results indicate that despite inherent differences to both questionnaires, 15-17 samples present relatively similar victimisation rate. It is possible to validate the use of the JVQ on the population in order to gather reliable information on juvenile victimisation. Nevertheless when comparing the two surveys, it is possible to bring improvement on both questionnaires.

L’objectif de la recherche est de comparer une traduction d’un questionnaire américain, le Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) avec un questionnaire de victimisation préexistant au Canada, l’Enquête Sociale Générale (ESG). À l’aide d’une base de données formée par le JVQ en 2009, une comparaison a été conduite entre les victimisations de 783 jeunes âgés entre 15 et 17 ans afin de les comparer avec les victimisations de 631 jeunes âgés entre 15 et 17 ans de la base de données de l’ESG de 2009. Sur la majorité des points de comparaison établis entre les deux questionnaires, il existe des différences significatives entre les résultats obtenus par le JVQ et l’ESG. Pour les comparaisons des taux de victimisation des 12 derniers mois, 3 des 8 taux de victimisation comparés étaient similaires. Pour les comparaisons des taux de victimisation à vie, les 7 taux comparés étaient significativement différents. Cependant, il existe des explications méthodologiques et échantillonnales afin de rendre compte de ces différences. Les résultats indiquent qu’avec les différences inhérentes aux deux questionnaires, les échantillons des 15 à 17 ans présentent des taux relativement différents. Il est possible de valider l’utilisation du JVQ sur la population afin de recueillir des informations fiables sur la victimisation. Toutefois, en comparant les différentes questions individuellement, il est possible d’apporter des améliorations aux deux questionnaires utilisés. / The objective of the research is to compare a translation of an American questionnaire, the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) with a pre-existing victimization questionnaire in Canada, the General Social Survey (GSS). With the help of a database formed by using the JVQ in 2009, a comparison was conducted with victimization of 783 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years old in order to compare these results with the victimization of 631 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years old from the GSS database of 2009. For the majority of the comparisons established between the two questionnaires, there are significant differences between the victimization found by the JVQ and the GSS. For the comparison concerning the victimization rate for the last 12 month, 3 out of 8 rates compared were similar. For the comparison of lifetime victimization rates the 7 rates compared were significantly different. However, methodological and sample differences can explain some of the difference found. Results indicate that despite inherent differences to both questionnaires, 15-17 samples present relatively similar victimisation rate. It is possible to validate the use of the JVQ on the population in order to gather reliable information on juvenile victimisation. Nevertheless when comparing the two surveys, it is possible to bring improvement on both questionnaires.

The need for psychotherapy outcome research is growing in Japan as the societal demands for psychotherapy have increased in recent years. Although researchers in Japan recognize the importance of integrating clinical practice and empirical research in evaluating psychotherapy outcome, most Japanese studies to date have relied heavily on qualitative case studies (Haebara, 1997; Kanazawa, 2004; Tanno, 2001). With the help of six translators and 116 native Japanese pilot respondents, this study adapted the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ; Lambert et al., 1996), one of the most common quantitative measures of clinical outcome, for use in Japan. The translation of the original OQ into Japanese followed Beaton et al. (2000) to include forward translation, synthesis, back translation, and expert committee meetings. The study produced 4 pre-final versions, 2 pretests, and a pilot. With permission from the original questionnaire developers, a few items were modified to achieve cultural equivalence. The rigorous translation and adaptation processes, evaluated through the Translation Validity Index (Tang & Dixon, 2002) and Content Validity Index (Polit et al., 2007), sought semantic, content, and conceptual equivalence between the English and Japanese versions of the OQ. Study limitations and suggestions for further development of the Japanese OQ are discussed.

No description available.

La honte est une émotion douloureuse impliquant une autoévaluation négative et globale du soi, et entraînant un désir de fuir ou de se cacher. Selon certains auteurs, la honte occupe une place importante dans la vie de plusieurs hommes, notamment en contexte de demande d'aide thérapeutique.La présente étude s'intéresse à la honte vécue par certains hommes lorsqu'ils dérogent aux différentes normes comportementales qui leur ont été inculquées. Une revue de la documentation traitant de la mesure de la honte a été réalisée et montre que si plusieurs instruments sont disponibles, la plupart d'entre eux mesurent la honte de façon indifférenciée à l'égard du sexe. Pour pallier à cette lacune, et en s'inspirant de la documentation sur l'idéologie masculine et sur les tensions qui en découlent, un nouvel instrument de mesure de la propension à la honte (le Questionnaire de honte de la vulnérabilité masculine; QHVM) a été développé et cible la honte ressentie dans divers contextes perçus par les hommes comme étant menaçants à l'égard de leur identité masculine. Puisque la culpabilité s'apparente à la honte en plusieurs points, une mesure conjointe de la honte et de la culpabilité a été privilégiée pour s'assurer d'un processus de validation initiale rigoureux.La validité factorielle de l'instrument a été explorée à l'aide d'une série d'analyses en composantes principales.La version abrégée du Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (Tangney, Dearing, Wagner, Crowley & Gramzow, 2000) et le Gender Role Conflict Scale (O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David & Wrightsman, 1986) ont été retenus afin d'explorer la validité convergente et discriminante du QHVM.La version abrégée du Attitudes Toward Seeking Professionnal Psychological Help Scale (Fischer & Farina, 1995) et une adaptation du Barriers to Help Seeking Scale (Mansfield, Addis & Courtenay, 2005) ont été sélectionnées afin d'explorer la validité prédictive du QHVM.La cueillette de données a été réalisée auprès de 733 étudiants de niveau collégial et universitaire, de même qu'auprès de 45 hommes utilisant les services d'organismes oeuvrant auprès des hommes. Les résultats révèlent une structure factorielle stable composée de trois facteurs (1- Honte d'une atteinte au statut de masculinité, 2- Honte de l'homosexualité, 3- Honte des comportements affectueux entre hommes) et une fidélité variant de bonne à adéquate. Les résultats montrent par ailleurs que le QHVM possède une bonne validité convergente et discriminante. Enfin, les résultats montrent que le QHVM possède une certaine validité prédictive et indiquent que la honte agissant à titre de frein à la demande d'aide chez les hommes semble davantage une honte"masculine", c'est-à-dire enracinée dans le développement de leur identité de genre et vécue en situation d'atteinte à leur virilité. Si d'autres études sont recommandées afin d'évaluer la validité factorielle, convergente et prédictive du QHVM, ce dernier s'avère un instrument pertinent pour l'étude de la honte chez les hommes et possède de bonnes propriétés psychométriques.

Der Essstörungen im Kindesalter-Fragebogen (Eating Disorders in Youth-Questionnaire; EDY-Q) ist ein aus 14 Items bestehendes Instrument zur Erfassung von restriktiven Essproblemen bei 8-13-jährigen Kindern im Selbstbericht. Die Items basieren auf den Kriterien der Störung mit Vermeidung oder Einschränkung der Nahrungseinschränkung (Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; ARFID), definiert im Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual Psychischer Störungen, 5. Auflage (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), auf den „Great Ormond Street“-Kriterien (Bryant-Waugh & Lask, 1995) und auf der Literatur zu restriktiven Essproblemen mit Beginn im frühen Lebensalter. Zwölf der 14 Items des EDY-Q erfassen Symptome von ARFID, inklusive der drei vorgeschlagenen Varianten (Bryant-Waugh, Markham, Kreipe & Walsh, 2010) Nahrungsvermeidung mit emotionaler Störung (food avoidance emotional disorder; FAED), selektives Essen (selective eating; SE) und funktionelle Dysphagie (functional dysphagia; FD). Zwei zusätzliche Items erfassen Pica und die Ruminationsstörung, zwei weitere Fütter- und Essstörungen mit Beginn im frühen Lebensalter, die im DSM-5 beschrieben sind (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

The Eating Disorders in Youth-Questionnaire (EDY-Q) is a 14-item instrument for assessing early-onset restrictive eating disturbances in 8-13 year old children via self-report. The items are based on: the criteria for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association APA, 2013); the Great Ormond Street criteria (Bryant-Waugh & Lask, 1995); and literature on early-onset restrictive eating disturbances. The EDY-Q consists of fourteen items, twelve of which cover ARFID symptomatology, including its three proposed variants (Bryant-Waugh, Markham, Kreipe & Walsh, 2010), food avoidance emotional disorder (FAED), selective eating (SE), and functional dysphagia (FD). Two additional items briefly address Pica and Rumination Disorder, two other early-onset feeding or eating disorders described in the DSM-5 (APA, 2013). The English version of the EDY-Q was translated from the German version (van Dyck & Hilbert, 2016) by AH. This translation was controlled by a retranslation procedure through a licensed translator.

Existing music questionnaires have shown that postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) users generally find music to be less enjoyable following implantation. However, they did not investigate, in detail, which factors influence CI users’ music listening enjoyment, nor did they examine the approach a music training program should take. In order to obtain such information, a questionnaire, the University of Canterbury Music Listening Questionnaire (UCMLQ), was developed. The UCMLQ investigated: (i) the effect of implantation on CI users’ music listening enjoyment (determined by comparing the levels of enjoyment experienced post-implantation to prehearing loss, and just before implantation); (ii) the effect of a hearing aid in the unimplanted ear on CI users’ music perception and appreciation; (iii) the effect of timbre on music listening enjoyment whereby respondents will be asked to rate the pleasantness and naturalness of common instruments and voices, and also, give ratings on the instruments’ sound quality based on what they expect these instruments to sound to a person with normal hearing; (iv) whether respondents have a preference for a particular musical style (e.g. Country and Western, Jazz, Classical, etc); (v) whether respondents’ have a preference for, firstly, low-pitched versus high-pitched instruments/voices; secondly, music with instruments-only, voice-only, or both instruments and voice; and lastly, music with smaller number of performers versus greater number of performers; (vi) practical methods or ‘tips’ for enhancing everyday music listening enjoyment were collated; and finally, (vii) respondents were asked for their views and opinions on the content and logistics of a ‘take-home’ MTP for improving their music listening enjoyment. One-hundred postlingually deafened adult CI users, ranging in age from 18 to 88 years (mean = 62.1, SD = 17.1), completed the UCMLQ. All respondents used a Nucleus CI24 implant and the ACE speech processing strategy. Results showed that following implantation, respondents generally found music to be less enjoyable but they also preferred certain types of instruments and music: (i) low-frequency instruments over high-frequency instruments; (ii) certain instruments (e.g. the guitar) over others (e.g. brass instruments); (iii) smaller numbers of performers as opposed to larger numbers; (iv) Country and Western music as opposed to Pop/Rock, Jazz, Classical-small group, and Classical-orchestra; and (v) music with a slow rhythm/beat, and words. A comparison of the ratings given by CI and Hearing Aid (CI+HA) users and CI-only users also revealed that CI+HA users felt that they were significantly more able to follow the melody-line of musical styles, identify these styles, and they also rated musical styles to sound significantly ‘more normal’ than the CI-only users did. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups’ (CI+HA users versus CI-only users) ratings for common instrumental sounds. In regards to respondents’ interest in partaking in a ‘take-home’ music training program (MTP), 54% of respondents stated that they would be interested in undertaking one. Respondents also indicated that the MTP should focus on improving their ability to recognise tunes, in particular, tunes known before implantation, and commonly-known tunes, and the MTP should offer a wide range of musical styles. In addition, training sessions should be of 30- minutes duration, 2 times per week, and the MTP should come in the form of a DVD with subtitles. Overall, this study collected information which not only helps us to better understand CI users’ appreciation of music but also could be used in the shaping and development of a future MTP.