In umfangreichen Datenerhebungen zeigen sich webbasierte Applikationen als ein besonders flexibel einzusetzendes Instrument, welches zudem im Vergleich zu analogen Varianten u.a. hinsichtlich der Anzahl nicht beantworteter Fragen im Vorteil ist (Rada, 2014). Weiterhin kommen Deutskens et al. (2006) zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Ergebnisse zwischen Online- und Offline-Umfragen durchaus zu vergleichen sind. Die Art und Qualität der Antworten sind nicht von der Wahl der technischen Methodik abhängig (Tuten et al., 2002). Ferner wurde sogar gezeigt, dass Online-Befragungen umfassendere Informationen liefern als beispielsweise traditionelle Postumfragen (Ilieva u. a., 2002). Schon seit längerer Zeit werden solche webbasierten Fragebogen nun nicht mehr ausschließlich auf Desktop-Computern bearbeitet (Callegaro, 2010). Vielmehr ist eine klare Tendenz zur mobilen Nutzung erkennbar. Während im Jahre 2011 erst 4% der Teilnehmenden Smartphones zur Beantwortung von Online-Befragungen nutzten, waren es im Jahre 2014 bereits 18% (Sarraf et al., 2014) und im Jahre 2018 33,7% (Nissen & Janneck, 2018). Durch den stetig steigenden Gebrauch mobiler Geräte, wie insbesondere Smartphones, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit Online-Fragebogen als spezifische Anwendung für eine mobile Nutzung geeignet sind. Einerseits scheinen mobile Geräte mit ihren eher kleineren Displays womöglich schlechter geeignet für die Bearbeitung von z.T. umfangreichen Fragebogen zu sein. Eine mangelnde Eignung zeigt sich beispielsweise in höheren Abbruchquoten (Sarraf et al., 2014; Lambert & Miller, 2015; Mavletova, 2013; Nissen & Janneck, 2018), längeren Bearbeitungszeiten (Lugtig et al., 2016; Mavletova, 2013; Horwitz, 2014; Nissen & Janneck, 2018) oder auch auffälligen Antwortmustern (Nissen & Janneck, 2018), die zu einer schlechteren Datenqualität führen können. Andererseits bieten Fragebogen auf Smartphones die Möglichkeit, sehr flexibel an Studien teilzunehmen und u.U. die Teilnahmequote zu erhöhen. Um diese Möglichkeit zu nutzen und eine Grundlage für künftige technische Entwicklungen zu bieten, wird in diesem Beitrag eine Untersuchung zu soziodemographischen Daten (Geschlecht und Alter) und dem zeitlichen und örtlichen Kontext der Bearbeitung von Web-Fragebogen – mit besonderem Fokus auf die mobile Nutzung – durchgeführt. [... aus der Einleitung] 91

The aim of this master thesis was to describe and asses the place of the library within the organizational framework of universities in the Czech Republic and USA. Aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the current position of library in organizational structure of colleges and universities in the Czech Republic and USA. First chapter sums up the current situation. For Czech universities in public school sector the corresponding elementary data, relevant legislative scope and position in organizational structure of public universities are emphasized and presented. For US universities the current status is presented with a particular example of five public universities. Second chapter is about current trends in evolution of university libraries in Czech Republic and USA with an emphasis on position in university or college structure. Third chapter is the essential part of the thesis. It contains report about survey performed with representatives of Czech public universities and representatives of given libraries. Last chapter presents parallel research done in USA.

(in English) The aim of master thesis was to describe and asses current state of services offered by libraries of public (i.e. non-private) universities in the Czech Republic to foreign students. The first chapter briefly characterizes university libraries in the Czech Republic and aims at legislative framework, financing, institutional background, users, offered services and information sources typical for university libraries. The second chapter deals with foreign students at universities in the Czech Republic. It presents an overview of works which dealt with the theme of foreign students in the Czech Republic until now, informs about which public universities in the Czech Republic are preferred by foreign students and which countries these students come from. The third chapter presents the principal part of the work. It contains the report on the survey carried out in public university libraries in the Czech Republic to which a questionnaire was sent focusing on services offered to foreign students. This chapter coincides with the former chapter dealing with general characteristics of barriers and describes practical and particular manners through with university libraries try to overcome these barriers between a library and foreign students. The fourth chapter offers a view on the situation in...

<p>Uvod. Uprkos činjenici da je kolostoma intervencija koja se izvodi sa visokim procentom uspe&scaron;nosti, ona za pacijenta predstavlja naru&scaron;avanje njegovog fizičkog i psiholo&scaron;kog integriteta, &scaron;to utiče na predstavu o samom sebi, socijalne i funkcionalne kapacitete i ima veliki uticaj na kvalitet života pacijenta. Ciljevi. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su procena kvaliteta života kod bolesnika sa trajnom kolostomom, procena depresivnosti kod bolesnika sa trajnom kolostomom i procena uticaja depresivnosti na kvalitet života kod bolesnika sa trajnom kolostomom. Metodologija. Istraživanje je bilo dizajnirano po tipu prospektivne studije, sprovedeno u Ambulanti za koloproktologiju Poliklinike Kliničkog centra Vojvodine. U prvoj fazi istraživanja pregledom pacijenata i operacionih lista na Klinici za abdominalnu, endokrinu i transplantacionu hirurgiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine i broja kolostoma urađenih u periodu između 1.9.2015. godine i 1.8.2016. godine iz operacionih protokola izdvojeni su svi pacijenti kojima je u tom periodu izvedena trajna kolostomija i potom procenjena podobnost za uključivanje u studiju. Ispitanici su anonimno popunjavali upitnik mesec, tri i &scaron;est meseci nakon operacije. Instrument se sastojao od nekoliko celina kojima su ispitivani sociodemografski podaci, kvalitet života, skala telesnog izgleda, skala samopo&scaron;tovanja i Bekova skala depresije. Statistička obrada podataka urađena je u program SPSS for Windows v18. Primenom metoda deskriptivne statistike numeričke kontinuirane varijable prezentovane su kao srednje vrednosti i standardne devijacije (SD) sa rasponom vrednosti, dok su kategorijske varijable prikazane kao apsolutne i relativne vrednosti, odnosno distribucije frekvencija. Za utvrđivanje značajnosti razlika koru&scaron;ćeni su &chi;2 test za opisne varijable, a za numeričke varijable parametrijski testovi (t-test i jednosmerna analiza varijanse ANOVA) i neparametrijski testovi (Man-Whitney test i Kruskal Wallis test). Za ponovljena merenja (3 meseca i 6 meseci) kori&scaron;ćeni su odgovarajući testovi uparenosti za ponovljena merenja. Rezultati. Vrednosti kvaliteta života imale su statistički značajan porast trećeg i &scaron;estog meseca u nakon operativnog izvođenja kolostome u odnosu na anketiranje sprovedeno mesec dana nakon operacije. Skala telesnog izgleda i skala samopo&scaron;tovanja takođe su imale značajno vi&scaron;e vrednosti tri i &scaron;est meseci nakon operacije poredeći sa vrednostima mesec dana nakon izvođenja kolostome. Prvog meseca udeo osoba sa depresivnim tegobama iznosio je 57,1%, da bi u narednim fazama istraživanja do&scaron;lo do značajnog pada (41,1% trećeg i 32,1% &scaron;estog meseca). Zaključak. Najlo&scaron;ije vrednosti svih parametara iskazane su mesec dana nakon operacije, ali vremenom dolazi do statističkog porasta vrednosti. Bolesnici koji imaju znake depresivnosti imaju značajno lo&scaron;iji kvalitet života od bolesnika sa trajnom kolostomom koji nemaju znake depresivnosti.</p> / <p>Introduction. Despite the fact that colostomy can be described as an intervention with high success rates, for the patient it represents deterioration of their physical and psychological integrity, which influence the body self image, social and functional capacities and influence the quality of life. Aim. Assessment of quality of life of patients with the permanent colostomy, assessment of depression among patients with the permanent colostomy and assessment of depression influence on quality of life of the patients with the permanent colostomy. Methodology. This was a prospective study performed at the Ambulance for coloproctology at the Polyclinic of Clinical Center of Vojvodina. In the first phase evaluation of patients and medical records of colostomies between 1.9.2015-1.8.2016. at the Clinic for abdominal, endocrine and transplantation surgery in the Clinical Center of Vojvodina was performed. Patients who were selected were assessed for enrolment in the study. Participants anonymously fulfilled the questionnaire a month, three months and six months after the surgery. The study instrument comprised of several parts (sociodemographic data, quality of life assessment, body image scale, self esteem scale and Beck&rsquo;s depression inventory. Survey data were analysed in SPSS 18.0. Descriptive analysis included the total value expressed in absolute and relative numbers, mean values and standard deviation. The &chi;2 test, Man-Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test for difference between sub groups. For repeated measuring appropriate tests were performed. Results. Quality of life was statistical significantly improved three and six months after the surgery, comparing to a survey performed one month after colostomy. Body image scale and Self esteem scale also showed significantly higher values three and six months after colostomy, comparing to the first month. A month after the surgery percentage of participants with depressive symptoms was the highest (57.1%), but in the next phases of the survey significant decline was observed (41,1% three and 32,1% six months after the surgery). Conclusion. The lowest parameters were observed a months after the surgery, but they significantly improved three and six months later. Colostomy patients with depressive symptoms had significantly worst quality of life comparing to their peers without depressive symptoms.</p>

Background: Lifestyle and environmental factors are known to contribute to allergic disease development, especially very early in life. However, the link between diet composition and allergic outcomes remains unclear. Methods: In the present population-based cohort study we evaluated the dietary intake of 10-year-old children and analyses were performed with particular focus on atopic dermatitis or food allergy, allergic diseases known to be affected by dietary allergens. Dietary intake was assessed via semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Based on these data, individual nutrient intake as well as children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) scores were calculated. Information about atopic manifestations during the first 10 years of life and confounding factors were obtained from standardized questionnaires during pregnancy and annually thereafter. Results: Analyses from confounder-adjusted logistic regression models (n = 211) revealed that having atopic outcomes was associated with having a pro-inflammatory pattern at the age of 10 years: OR = 2.22 (95% CI: 1.14–4.31) for children with atopic dermatitis and OR = 3.82 (95% CI: 1.47–9.93) for children with food allergy in the first 10 years of life Conclusion: A pro-inflammatory dietary pattern might worsen the atopic outcome and reduce the buffering capacity of the individual against harmful environmental exposures or triggers. For pediatricians it is recommended to test for the individual tolerance of allergenic foods and to increase the nutrient density of tolerable food items to avoid undesirable effects of eating a pro-inflammatory diet.

The purpose of this study was to determine if motivational profiles of individual collegiate team sport athletes differ across ability levels (High, Middle, and Low) and settings (Team Practice, Competition, and Personal Practice). The athletes task and ego disposition, autonomy, and contextual motivation, were assessed using the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ), and Sport Motivational Scale (SMS), pre and postseason. Their anxiety levels and situational motivation were measured using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS) during the season. The General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) was used pre and postseason to assess the strength of different motivational orientations in the coaches and the strength of association to the athletes' various motivational, anxiety and dispositional profiles. Results revealed that the athletes are functioning with high task and ego orientations almost equally across settings. They were also relatively high overall in perceived autonomy support. Anxiety and worry existed in all three settings, but in only low to moderate amounts. In addition, athletes reported higher levels of concentration disruption in competition settings over team or personal practice. Finally, individual athletes experienced significantly higher levels of self-determination behavior in both the competition and personal practice settings over team practice. No significant differences were found between the pre and postseason surveys for either the athletes or the coaches, or in the ability levels (H, M, and L) of the athletes.

Objective: We aimed to assess psychological distress in patients with intracranial neoplasia, a group of patients who suffer from severe functional, neurocognitive and neuropsychological side effects, resulting in high emotional distress. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, including inpatients with brain tumours. Eligible patients completed validated self-report questionnaires measuring depression, anxiety, distress, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear of progression and health-related quality of life. The questionnaire set was completed after brain surgery and receiving diagnosis and before discharge from hospital. Results: A total of n = 31 patients participated in this survey. Fourteen of them suffered from malignant (n = 3 metastatic neoplasia) and 17 from benign brain tumours. Mean values of the total sample regarding depression (M = 9.28, SD = 6.08) and anxiety (M = 6.00, SD = 4.98) remained below the cut-off ≥ 10. Mean psychosocial distress (M = 16.30, SD = 11.23, cut-off ≥ 14) and posttraumatic stress (M = 35.10, SD = 13.29, cut-off ≥ 32) exceeded the clinically relevant cut-off value in all the patients with intracranial tumours. Significantly, more patients with malignant (79%) than benign (29%) brain tumours reported PTSD symptoms (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Distress and clinically relevant PTSD symptoms in patients with intracranial neoplasia should be routinely screened and treated in psycho-oncological interventions immediately after diagnosis. Especially, neuro-oncological patients with malignant brain tumours or metastases need targeted support to reduce their emotional burden.

INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence showing that tinnitus can have a detrimental impact on significant others (SOs), no standardized self-reported measure is currently available that specifically assesses the presence of third-party disability for tinnitus. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a newly developed self-reported measure for SOs of tinnitus and assess how scores could be meaningfully interpreted. METHODS: The research consisted of two phases. During Phase I, the Consequences of Tinnitus on Significant Others Questionnaire (CTSOQ) was developed using the The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance. Phase II included the assessment of psychometric properties of the CTSOQ including the construct validity, internal consistency, interpretability, and responsiveness. Pairs of 194 individuals with tinnitus and their SOs completed a series of online questionnaires. SOs completed the CTSOQ measure while individuals with tinnitus completed measures related to tinnitus distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and quality of life. RESULTS: A 25 item CTSOQ was developed using a formative model. The questionnaire validation process indicated good psychometric properties with an internal consistency of 0.93 and inter-item correlation of 0.60. Support was found for the construct and discriminative validity of the measure. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. Scores can be meaningfully interpreted to indicate mild, significant, or severe effect of tinnitus on SOs. The questionnaire was also found to be responsive to treatment-related changes. CONCLUSIONS: The CTSOQ was found to have sufficient measurement properties suggesting that it is a suitable measure of third-party disability for SOs of individuals with tinnitus. Further research should be initiated to measure face validity and what scores reflect clinically meaningful change.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to describe changes in bladder health, defined as "a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being related to bladder function that permits daily activities, adapts to short-term stressors, and allows optimal well-being," in women over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data on 15 lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and interference from urinary experiences assessed at the baseline and 5-year followup interviews of the BACH (Boston Area Community Health) Survey to estimate changes in bladder health over time in women. Associations between baseline and followup bladder health (defined as the maximum frequency of LUTS or interference at each time point) were calculated by ordinal logistic regression and generalized linear models. RESULTS: A total of 2,526 women provided complete information on bladder health at baseline and followup. Over the 5-year followup, 6.5% of women maintained optimal bladder health (no LUTS or interference), 33.6% developed worse bladder health (including 10.4% who transitioned from optimal to less than optimal health), 31.4% maintained their less than optimal bladder health status and 28.7% improved. Despite these changes, women with poorer bladder health at baseline were still more likely to have poorer bladder health 5 years later (eg multivariable-adjusted relative risk=3.27, 95% confidence interval: 2.49-4.29 for severe LUTS/interference at followup among those with severe LUTS/interference at baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from our large secondary analysis of BACH Survey data suggest considerable variability in bladder health over time, and underscore the importance of bladder health promotion to prevent the initial onset and progression of poor bladder health in women.

Eindimensionalität ist ein wichtiges Merkmal psychometrischer Tests und wird in der Psychologie momentan vor allem unter Anwendung der Faktorenanalyse geprüft. Da diese aber nicht das zu leisten scheint, was von ihr erwartet wird (z. B. Titz, 2022; Ziegler & Hagemann, 2015), wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Vorgehensweise mit der State-Trace-Analyse (Bamber, 1979) angewendet, um der Frage nach Eindimensionalität nachzugehen. Dazu wurden vier Persönlichkeitsfragebögen, die auf faktorenanalytischen Verfahren basieren und aus einem Datensatz der AIID-Studie stammen (Hussey & Hughes, 2020; Hussey et al., 2012), im Vorfeld der Arbeit State-Trace-Analysen unterzogen. Items, die die Bedingung der Eindimensionalität verletzten, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit mit Hilfe von Diagrammen näher untersucht und interpretiert. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die State-Trace-Analyse Items identifizieren konnte, die die Eindimensionalität der Fragebögen infrage stellen und laut Faktorenanalyse unentdeckt blieben. Inhaltliche Interpretationen konnten unterstützen, dass die Items wahrscheinlich problematisch für die Eindimensionalität der untersuchten Verfahren sind und überarbeitet werden müssen. Die State-Trace-Analyse bietet hohes Potenzial für psychometrische Fragestellungen und muss in Zukunft mehr Aufmerksamkeit erhalten.