A partly (anti-)commutative quiver algebra is a quiver algebra bound by an (anti-)commutativity ideal, that is, a quadratic ideal generated by monomials and (anti-)commutativity relations. We give a combinatorial description of the ideals and the associated generator graphs, from which one can quickly determine if the ideal is admissible or not. We describe the center of a partly (anti-)commutative quiveralgebra and state necessary and sufficient conditions for the center to be finitely genteratedas a K-algebra.Examples are provided of partly (anti-)commutative quiver algebras that are Koszul algebras. Necessary and sufficient conditions for finite generation of the Hochschild cohomology ring modulo nilpotent elements for a partly (anti-)commutative Koszul quiver algebra are given.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des algèbres de Hecke carquois et de certaines généralisations des algèbres d'Iwahori-Hecke. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons deux résultats concernant les algèbres de Hecke carquois, dans le cas où le carquois possède plusieurs composantes connexes puis lorsqu'il possède un automorphisme d'ordre fini. Ensuite, nous rappelons un isomorphisme de Brundan-Kleshchev et Rouquier entre algèbres d'Ariki-Koike et certaines algèbres de Hecke carquois cyclotomiques. D'une part nous en déduisons qu'une équivalence de Morita importante bien connue entre algèbres d'Ariki-Koike provient d'un isomorphisme, d'autre part nous donnons une présentation de type Hecke carquois cyclotomique pour l'algèbre de Hecke de G(r,p,n). Nous généralisons aussi l'isomorphisme de Brundan-Kleshchev pour montrer que les algèbres de Yokonuma-Hecke cyclotomiques sont des cas particuliers d'algèbres de Hecke carquois cyclotomiques. Finalement, nous nous intéressons à un problème de combinatoire algébrique, relié à la théorie des représentations des algèbres d'Ariki-Koike. En utilisant la représentation des partitions sous forme d'abaque et en résolvant, via un théorème d'existence de matrices binaires, un problème d'optimisation convexe sous contraintes à variables entières, nous montrons qu'un multi-ensemble de résidus qui est bégayant provient nécessairement d'une multi-partition bégayante. / This thesis is devoted to the study of quiver Hecke algebras and some generalisations of Iwahori-Hecke algebras. We begin with two results concerning quiver Hecke algebras, first when the quiver has several connected components and second when the quiver has an automorphism of finite order. We then recall an isomorphism of Brundan-Kleshchev and Rouquier between Ariki-Koike algebras and certain cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras. From this, on the one hand we deduce that a well-known important Morita equivalence between Ariki--Koike algebras comes from an isomorphism, on the other hand we give a cyclotomic quiver Hecke-like presentation for the Hecke algebra of type G(r,p,n). We also generalise the isomorphism of Brundan-Kleshchev to prove that cyclotomic Yokonuma-Hecke algebras are particular cases of cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras. Finally, we study a problem of algebraic combinatorics, related to the representation theory of Ariki-Koike algebras. Using the abacus representation of partitions and solving, via an existence theorem for binary matrices, a constrained optimisation problem with integer variables, we prove that a stuttering multiset of residues necessarily comes from a stuttering multipartition.

Inspired by Happel's question, whether the exchange graph and the simplicial complex of tilting modules over a quiver algebra are independent from the multiplicities of multiple arrows in the quiver, we study quantitative aspects of Fomin and Zelevinsky's quiver mutation rule. Our results turn out to be very useful in the mutation-infinite case for understanding combinatorial structures as the cluster exchange graph or the simplicial complex of tilting modules, which are governed by quiver mutation. Using a class of quivers we call forks we can show that any such quiver yields a tree in the exchange graph. This allows us to provide a good global description of the exchange graphs of arbitrary mutation-infinite quivers. In particular we show that the exchange graph of an acyclic quiver is a tree if (and in fact only if) any two vertices are connected by at least two arrows. Furthermore we give classification results for the simplicial complexes and thereby obtain a partial positive answer to Happel's question. Another consequence of our findings is a confirmation of Unger's conjecture about the infinite number of components of the tilting exchange graph in all but finitely many cases. Finally we generalise and conceptualise our results by introducing what we call "polynomial quivers", stating several conjectures about "polynomial quiver mutation", and giving proofs in special cases.

Inspired by Happel's question, whether the exchange graph and the simplicial complex of tilting modules over a quiver algebra are independent from the multiplicities of multiple arrows in the quiver, we study quantitative aspects of Fomin and Zelevinsky's quiver mutation rule. Our results turn out to be very useful in the mutation-infinite case for understanding combinatorial structures as the cluster exchange graph or the simplicial complex of tilting modules, which are governed by quiver mutation. Using a class of quivers we call forks we can show that any such quiver yields a tree in the exchange graph. This allows us to provide a good global description of the exchange graphs of arbitrary mutation-infinite quivers. In particular we show that the exchange graph of an acyclic quiver is a tree if (and in fact only if) any two vertices are connected by at least two arrows. Furthermore we give classification results for the simplicial complexes and thereby obtain a partial positive answer to Happel's question. Another consequence of our findings is a confirmation of Unger's conjecture about the infinite number of components of the tilting exchange graph in all but finitely many cases. Finally we generalise and conceptualise our results by introducing what we call "polynomial quivers", stating several conjectures about "polynomial quiver mutation", and giving proofs in special cases.

A complexidade de um módulo M, sobre uma álgebra de dimensão finita R, é a medida do crescimento da dimensão de suas sizigias. No nosso trabalho, estudamos esse conceito, nos concentrando muito mais no caso das álgebras autoinjetiva. Relacionamos esse crescimento com o comportamento da componente do carcás de Auslander-Reiten, a qual o módulo M pertence. Em particular, estudamos, com bastante cuidado, o caso em que a complexidade é 1, o que significa que a dimensão das sizigias são eventualmente constante. Surpreendentemente, o comportamento de todos os módulos numa mesma componente é muito parecido. / The complexity of a module M under a finite dimensional algebra R is the measure of the growth of its syzygies\' dimension. In our work, we study this concept concentrating on the case of the selfinjective algebras. We relate this growth with the behavior of the Auslander-Reiten component containing this module. In particular, we study, carefully, the case in which the complexity is 1. Surprisingly, the behavior of every module in the same component as M is very similar.

A complexidade de um módulo M, sobre uma álgebra de dimensão finita R, é a medida do crescimento da dimensão de suas sizigias. No nosso trabalho, estudamos esse conceito, nos concentrando muito mais no caso das álgebras autoinjetiva. Relacionamos esse crescimento com o comportamento da componente do carcás de Auslander-Reiten, a qual o módulo M pertence. Em particular, estudamos, com bastante cuidado, o caso em que a complexidade é 1, o que significa que a dimensão das sizigias são eventualmente constante. Surpreendentemente, o comportamento de todos os módulos numa mesma componente é muito parecido. / The complexity of a module M under a finite dimensional algebra R is the measure of the growth of its syzygies\' dimension. In our work, we study this concept concentrating on the case of the selfinjective algebras. We relate this growth with the behavior of the Auslander-Reiten component containing this module. In particular, we study, carefully, the case in which the complexity is 1. Surprisingly, the behavior of every module in the same component as M is very similar.

Le but de cette thèse est de construire de nouvelles variétés algébriques complexes de Fano et à canonique triviale dans les espaces homogènes et d'analyser leur géométrie. On commence en construisant les variétés spéciales comme lieux de zéros de fibrés homogènes dans les grassmanniennes généralisées. On donne une complète classification en dimension 4. On prouve que les uniques variétés de dimension 4 hyper-Kahleriennes ainsi construites sont les exemples de Beauville-Donagi et Debarre-Voisin. Le même résultat vaut dans les grassmanniennes ordinaires en toute dimension quand le fibré est irréductible. Ensuite on utilise les lieux de dégénérescence orbitaux (ODL), qui généralisent les lieux de dégénérescence classiques, pour construire d'autres variétés. On rappelle les propriétés basiques des ODL, qu'on définit à partir d'une adhérence d'orbite. On construit trois schémas de Hilbert de deux points sur une K3 comme ODL, et beaucoup d'autres exemples de variétés de Calabi-Yau et de Fano. Puis on étudie les adhérences d'orbites dans les représentations de carquois, et on décrit des effondrements de Kempf pour celles de type A_n et D_4; ceci nous permet de construire davantage de variétés spéciales comme ODL. Pour finir, on analyse les grassmanniennes bisymplectiques, qui sont des Fano particulières. Elles admettent l'action d'un tore avec un nombre fini de points fixes. On étudie leurs petites déformations. Ensuite, on étudie la cohomologie (équivariante) des grassmanniennes symplectiques, qui est utile pour mieux comprendre la cohomologie des grassmanniennes bisymplectiques. On analyse en détail un cas explicite en dimension 6. / The aim of this thesis is to construct new interesting complex algebraic Fano varieties and varieties with trivial canonical bundle and to analyze their geometry. In the first part we construct special varieties as zero loci of homogeneous bundles inside generalized Grassmannians. We give a complete classification for varieties of small dimension when the bundle is completely reducible. Thus, we prove that the only fourfolds with trivial canonical bundle so constructed which are hyper-Kahler are the examples of Beauville-Donagi and Debarre-Voisin. The same holds in ordinary Grassmannians when the bundle is irreducible in any dimension. In the second part we use orbital degeneracy loci (ODL), which are a generalization of classical degeneracy loci, to construct new varieties. ODL are constructed from a model, which is usually an orbit closure inside a representation. We recall the fundamental properties of ODL. As an illustration of the construction, we construct three Hilbert schemes of two points on a K3 surface as ODL, and many examples of Calabi-Yau and Fano threefolds and fourfolds. Then we study orbit closures inside quiver representations, and we provide crepant Kempf collapsings for those of type A_n, D_4; this allows us to construct some special varieties as ODL.Finally we focus on a particular class of Fano varieties, namely bisymplectic Grassmannians. These varieties admit the action of a torus with a finite number of fixed points. We find the dimension of their moduli space. We then study the equivariant cohomology of symplectic Grassmannians, which turns out to help understanding better that of bisymplectic ones. We analyze in detail the case of dimension 6.

Cette thèse intitulée « Studies of fractional D-branes in the gauge/gravity correspondence & Flavored Chern-Simons quivers for M2-branes » se place dans le cadre de la théorie des cordes, en physique théorique. Elle consiste en une introduction suivie de deux parties. Dans l'introduction sont résumés les différents outils de théorie des cordes qui seront utilisés. <p>\ / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Quasi-hereditary algebras are an important class of algebras with many appli-cations in representation theory, most notably the representation theory of semi-simple complex Lie-algebras. Such algebras sometimes admit an exact Borel sub-algebra, that is a subalgebra satisfying similar formal properties to the Borel sub-algebras from Lie theory. This thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part we classify quasi-hereditary algebras with two simple modules over perfect fields up to Morita equivalence, generalizing a similar result by Membrillo-Hernandez for thealgebraically closed case. In the second part, we take a poset X, a certain set M of constants, and a finite set ρ of paths in the Hasse-diagram of X and construct analgebra A(X, M, ρ) that generalizes the twisted double incidence algebras originally introduced by Deng and Xi. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for this algebra to be quasi-hereditary when X is a tree, and we show that A(X, M, ρ) admits an exact Borel subalgebra when these conditions are satisfied. Following this, we compute the Ext-algebra of the standard modules of A(X, M, ρ).