Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been identified as a promising cell-based therapy candidate to treat a number of unmet clinical indications, however, in vitro expansion will be required to increase the available number of cells and meet this demand. Scalable manufacturing processes, amenable to closed, single-use and automated technology, must therefore be developed in order to produce safe, effective and affordable hMSC therapies. To address this challenge, a controlled serum-free end-to-end microcarrier process has been developed for hMSCs, which is amenable to large-scale manufacture and therefore increasing economies of scale. Preliminary studies in monolayer culture assessed the level of variability in growth between five hMSC donors, which was found to have a variance of 25.3 % after 30 days in culture. This variance was subsequently reduced to 4.5% by the development of a serum-free monolayer culture process with the maintenance of critical hMSC characteristics and an increased number of population doublings. In order to transfer this into a scalable system, the serum and serum-free expansion processes were transferred into suspension by the addition of plastic microcarriers in 100 mL spinner flasks without control of pH or dissolved oxygen (DO). This achieved a maximum cell density of 0.08 ± 0.01 · 106 cells.mL-1 in FBS-based medium, 0.12 ± 0.01 · 106 cells.mL-1 in HPL-based medium and 0.27 ± 0.03 · 106 cells.mL-1 in serum free medium after six days. In order to drive consistency and yield into the manufacturing process, a process control system was developed for the FBS-based microcarrier expansion process in a 100 mL DASbox bioreactor platform to control DO, pH, impeller rate and temperature. Reduced impeller rates and DO concentrations were found to be beneficial, with a final cell density of 0.11 ± 0.02 · 106 cells.mL-1 and improved post-harvest outgrowth and colony-forming unit (CFU) potential compared to uncontrolled microcarrier and monolayer culture. This controlled bioreactor expansion process was then applied to the previously developed serum-free microcarrier process, eventually achieving a final cell density of 1.04 ± 0.07 · 106 cells.mL-1, whilst retaining key post-harvest hMSC characteristics. Following the controlled serum-free expansion and harvest of hMSCs, a downstream and cryopreservation process was developed to assess the impact of prolonged holding times and subsequent unit-operations on hMSC quality characteristics. This showed that hMSCs are able to maintain key characteristics throughout the entire end-to-end process, demonstrating their potential for commercial scale manufacture.

Submitted by LINA MARIA DELGADO GARCIA (linadelgadomvz@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T17:50:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss_LinaMDelgadoGarcia_PPG_MV_FMVZ.pdf: 5259973 bytes, checksum: 96b8449017ba967633f1d9ef9da7c741 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-06T18:25:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 delgado-garcia_lm_me_bot.pdf: 5259973 bytes, checksum: 96b8449017ba967633f1d9ef9da7c741 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T18:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 delgado-garcia_lm_me_bot.pdf: 5259973 bytes, checksum: 96b8449017ba967633f1d9ef9da7c741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-02 / No final dos anos 60, os experimentos em proliferação celular anunciaram a neurogênese adulta em mamíferos. Três décadas depois a relação entre neurogênese e células-tronco neurais (NSCs) foi estabelecida. Atualmente, as NSCs são objeto de pesquisas na medicina como modelo de estudo de múltiplos estados anormais e distúrbios orgânicos, além de se propor como uma estratégia em condições com poucas alternativas terapêuticas. Contudo o desenvolvimento destas terapias depende do entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares, celulares e biológicos que controlam a neurogênese e as NSCs. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo das teorias no funcionamento dos nichos neurogênicos e as NSCs com ênfase na proliferação, migração e diferenciação, além da descrição dos aspectos celulares in vitro dos precursores neurais (NPCs) dos nichos neurogênicos dos mamíferos. Os nichos são regiões do sistema nervoso adulto que apresentam neurogênese pela presença das NSCs e um microambiente celular apropriado. Nos mamíferos existem pelo menos dois nichos, a zona subventricular (SVZ) dos ventrículos laterais e a zona subgranular (SGZ) do hipocampo. Os estudos revisados demostram que existem diferenças e semelhanças no comportamento das NSCs nos nichos neurogênicos adultos, levando a que a proliferação, migração e diferenciação seja menos efetiva quando comparada com o desenvolvimento embrionário. Para finalizar, se descreveu o protocolo para isolamento e cultivo dos NPCs e seus aspectos celulares. Os NPCs proliferaram como populações heterogêneas multipotentes. Após a diferenciação, as células migraram e apresentaram características morfológicas e imunofenotípicas de células neurais imaturas, com o predomínio de células gliais. Em conjunto, os NPCs in vitro mimetizam os aspectos gerais da neurogênese. / In the late 60`s, the experiments on cell proliferation announced adult neurogenesis in mammals. Three decades later, the link between neurogenesis and neural stem cells (NSCs) was recognized. Currently, NSCs are the matter of research in human and veterinary medicine as a model of multiple abnormal states and organic disorders, in addition to be proposed as a strategy for diseases and conditions with few therapeutic alternatives. However, the successful development of these therapies depends on the understanding of molecular, cellular and biological mechanisms that control neurogenesis and NSCs. Therefore, the aim of this work was the study of the theories on neurogenic niches and NSCs with focus in proliferation, migration and differentiation, beyond the description of the cellular aspects of in vitro neural precursors cells (NPCs) of the neurogenic niches of the mammals. The neurogenic niches are regions of the adult nervous system which display complete neurogenesis because of the presence of NSCs and an appropriate cell microenvironment. In mammals, there are at least two neurogenic niches, the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. The reviewed studies showed that exists differences and similarities in the behavior of the adult NSCs in the neurogenic niches that lead to less effective proliferation, migration and differentiation; when compared with the embryonic development. Finally, was described the protocol for isolation and cultivation of NPCs and their cellular aspects. NPCs proliferated as heterogeneous multipotent populations. Differentiation analyses showed that cells migrated and showed morphological and immunophenotypical characteristics of immature cells with the predominance of glial cells. Overall, NPCs effectively reproduce the general aspects of neurogenesis.

Orientador: Rogério Martins Amorim / Resumo: No final dos anos 60, os experimentos em proliferação celular anunciaram a neurogênese adulta em mamíferos. Três décadas depois a relação entre neurogênese e células-tronco neurais (NSCs) foi estabelecida. Atualmente, as NSCs são objeto de pesquisas na medicina como modelo de estudo de múltiplos estados anormais e distúrbios orgânicos, além de se propor como uma estratégia em condições com poucas alternativas terapêuticas. Contudo o desenvolvimento destas terapias depende do entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares, celulares e biológicos que controlam a neurogênese e as NSCs. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo das teorias no funcionamento dos nichos neurogênicos e as NSCs com ênfase na proliferação, migração e diferenciação, além da descrição dos aspectos celulares in vitro dos precursores neurais (NPCs) dos nichos neurogênicos dos mamíferos. Os nichos são regiões do sistema nervoso adulto que apresentam neurogênese pela presença das NSCs e um microambiente celular apropriado. Nos mamíferos existem pelo menos dois nichos, a zona subventricular (SVZ) dos ventrículos laterais e a zona subgranular (SGZ) do hipocampo. Os estudos revisados demostram que existem diferenças e semelhanças no comportamento das NSCs nos nichos neurogênicos adultos, levando a que a proliferação, migração e diferenciação seja menos efetiva quando comparada com o desenvolvimento embrionário. Para finalizar, se descreveu o protocolo para isolamento e cultivo dos NPCs e seus aspectos celulares. O... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the late 60`s, the experiments on cell proliferation announced adult neurogenesis in mammals. Three decades later, the link between neurogenesis and neural stem cells (NSCs) was recognized. Currently, NSCs are the matter of research in human and veterinary medicine as a model of multiple abnormal states and organic disorders, in addition to be proposed as a strategy for diseases and conditions with few therapeutic alternatives. However, the successful development of these therapies depends on the understanding of molecular, cellular and biological mechanisms that control neurogenesis and NSCs. Therefore, the aim of this work was the study of the theories on neurogenic niches and NSCs with focus in proliferation, migration and differentiation, beyond the description of the cellular aspects of in vitro neural precursors cells (NPCs) of the neurogenic niches of the mammals. The neurogenic niches are regions of the adult nervous system which display complete neurogenesis because of the presence of NSCs and an appropriate cell microenvironment. In mammals, there are at least two neurogenic niches, the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. The reviewed studies showed that exists differences and similarities in the behavior of the adult NSCs in the neurogenic niches that lead to less effective proliferation, migration and differentiation; when compared with the embryonic development. Finally, was described the proto... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Ce travail de recherche est consacré à l’ingénierie d’un nouveau nanobiohybride à base de nanorubans de titanates pour la médecine régénérative. Dans un premier temps, les nanorubans ont été synthétisés par traitement hydrothermal et leurs caractéristiques morphologiques, structurales et chimiques ont été définies. Une caractérisation fine par différentes techniques de microscopie électronique à transmission a notamment permis de déterminer leur épaisseur; dimension qui n’avait encore jamais été mesurée. Par la suite, les nanorubans de titanates ont été fonctionnalisés par différents PEG hétérobifonctionnels préalablement synthétisés au laboratoire. Ces polymères présentent à l’une de leurs extrémités des groupements fonctionnels spécifiques pouvant se coupler à de nombreuses molécules biologiques. Des peptides de type collagène contenant des sites de reconnaissance cellulaire ont alors été greffés sur ces extrémités. Le nanobiohybride ainsi formé devra permettre l'adhésion et la prolifération des cellules favorisant in fine la cicatrisation et la régénération tissulaire. Pour évaluer les propriétés biologiques du nouveau nanobiohybride, la cytoxicité et le pouvoir agrégeant des nanorubans de titanes ont été déterminés par des tests MTT, réalisés sur deux populations de cellules (cardiomyocytes et fibroblastes) et par des tests d’agrégation plaquettaire (sang humain). Enfin, dans le cas d’une utilisation pour favoriser le processus de cicatrisation, le nouveau nanobiohybride a été formulé sous forme d’un hydrogel d’alginate de sodium permettant une application directe sur les tissus lésés. Pour confirmer l’intérêt de cette formulation galénique, des premiers tests in vivo ont été réalisés / This research work is devoted to new nanohybrid engineering composed of titanate nanoribbons for regenerative medicine. Over a first phase, nanoribbons were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and their morphological, structural and chemical features were defined. A fine characterization by means of different techniques of transmission electron microscopy mainly enabled to determine their thickness; dimension which had never been measured so far. Subsequently, titanate nanoribbons were functionalized by different home-made heterobifunctional PEG. Those polymers present at one of their extremities specific functional groups being able to couple with numerous biological molecules. Some collagen type peptides containing cellular recognition sites were grafted onto those extremities. The so-formed nanobiohybrid will permit cellular adhesion and proliferation favouring in fine tissue healing and regeneration. To evaluate new nanohybrid biological properties, titanate nanoribbons cytoxicity and aggregating power were determined by MTT tests, performed on two cell populations (fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes) and platelet aggregation tests (human blood). Finally, when used to promote healing process, the new nanobiohybrid was formulated in the form of sodium alginate hydrogel permitting a direct application on damaged tissues. To confirm the interest of this galenic form, initial in vivo tests were realized

Nous sommes sur le point de montrer que le muscle squelettique adulte contient une population de cellules souches capables de se différencier in vitro en cellules cardiaques présentant des battements automatiques. Ces cellules pulsantes différenciées en culture, possèdent toutes les caractéristiques d’un type de cellules spécialisées dans la conduction cardiaque : les cellules pacemaker du sinus atrial De même, lorsque ces cellules souches sont transplantées chez des souris mutantes qui présentent des troubles de la conduction cardiaque, elles sont retrouvées différentiées en cellules pacemaker dans le cœur et améliorent significativement les troubles du rythme de ces souris. Ces résultats indiquent qu’il est important d’isoler une population avec le même potentiel à partir du muscle squelettique humain étant donné le potentiel réparateur extrêmement prometteur de ces cellules souches adultes pour leur utilisation en thérapie cellulaire des dysfonctionnements du rythme cardiaque. Une analyse préliminaire sur le microcèbe, modèle primate, nous a d’ores et déjà permis de valider la différentiation in vitro des cellules souches dérivées du muscle squelettique en cellules pacemaker. / We show that adult multipotent Muscle-Derived Stem Cells (MDSC) have the ability to differentiate into cardiac pacemaker cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, differentiated beating pacemaker-like cells remain active for months and express all the markers of native cardiac pacemakers. They show both hyperpolarization-activated “funny” current (If) and b-adrenergic- and cholinergic-responsive spontaneous Ca2+ transients. In vivo, systemic injection of MDSC from wt muscle significantly improved heart rhythm in severely bradycardic mutant CaV1.3-/- mice. This functional recovery was accompanied by differentiation of donor-derived CaV1.3-expressing cells in the sinoatrial node. MDSC from the primate Microcebe revealed a similar ability to differentiate in vitro into functional pacemaker-like cells. MDSC thus represent a unique, non-tumorigenic and directly transplantable stem cell source shown to efficiently engraft in mutant mouse heart and correct human-mirrored severe rhythm disorders.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá charakterizací 3D porézních kolagenových pěn obsahující vybraná antibakteriální činidla. V literární části jsou shrnuty dosavadní poznatky o biomateriálech a biopolymerech se zaměřením na kolagen a chitosan. Dále jsou v ní popsány antibakteriálních vlastnosti nanočástic v kontextu s využitím selenových nanočástic jako antibakteriální činidla. Pro potřeby této práce byla vybrána antibakteriální aditiva dvojího typu – biopolymerní chitosan a selenové nanočástice. 3D porézní struktury bylo dosaženo metodou lyofilizace. Mechanické vlastnosti biopolymerní matrice byly podpořeny síťováním v prostředí chemického síťovadla na bázi karbodiimidu. K charakterizaci připravených kolagenových pěn byly použity především fyzikálně chemické metody. Na analýzu mikrostruktury a velikosti pórů, vizualizaci nanočástic a jejich distribuci v testovaných materiálech byla využita rastrovací elektronová mikroskopie (SEM) spolu s energiově disperzní analýzou (EDX). Parametry jako je porozita, botnací poměr, úbytek hmotnosti při degradaci ve vodném prostředí a v prostředí enzymů byly zjištěny vhodnými gravimetrickými metodami. Ovlivnění chemické struktury kolagenové matrice před a po přidání antibakteriálních aditiv bylo sledováno za pomocí metody zeslabeného úplného odrazu infračervené spektroskopie s Fourierovou transformací (ATR FTIR). Procentuální uvolnění nanočástic z testovaných vzorků bylo sledováno pomocí optické emisní spektroskopie s indukčně vázanou plazmou (ICP OES). K zhodnocení antibakteriálních vlastností testovaných materiálů byly použity především difúzní agarová disková metoda a makrodiluční bujónová metoda. Provedeným výzkumem jsme zjistili vliv přídavku antibakteriálních činidel na strukturu a některé vlastnosti 3D kolagenových matric. Výsledky antibakteriálních testů ukázaly pozitivní vliv chitosanu i selenových nanočástic na inhibici růstu bakterií v závislosti na koncentraci přidaných aditiv. Navržené materiály mohou být využity pro biomedicínské aplikace především v oblastech zabývající se regenerací měkkých tkání.

Während der letzten Jahre zeigten einige Studien, dass die Behandlung mit Knochenmark- Stammzellen (KMSZ) eine vielversprechende neue Therapieoption für den geschädigten Herzmuskel darstellen könnte. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob es unter Behandlung mit Stammzellen zu einer zellulären Antwort in angezüchteten Kardiomyozyten (KMZ) kommt. Dafür wurden subkonfluente Kulturen aus Herzmuskelzellen von neonatalen Ratten für drei Tage mit Vybrant CM-DiI-markierten, sternalen humanen Knochenmarkstammzellen co-kultiviert. Im Anschluss wurden immunohistochemische Färbungen sowie eine quantitative Analyse mittels Western Blot für das Protoonkogen c-Myc durchgeführt. Des Weiteren wurde die Dichte der Beta-Adrenozeptoren unter Anwendung einer Histoautoradiographie mittels [125I]- iodocyanopindolol-Bindung analysiert. Die Auswertung der Immunohistochemie und der Western Blots zeigte eine signifikante Erhöhung der Expression von c-Myc in den Kardiomyozyten, welche in naher Umgebung der Stammzellen lagen. Dieser Effekt war direkt abhängig von der Entfernung der KMZ zur SZ. Die Histoautoradiographie zeigte eine signifikant höhere Beta-Rezeptor-Dichte in Kardiomyozyten in direkter Nähe zur Stammzelle. Mit steigender Entfernung von der Stammzelle verringerte sich die Rezeptordichte. Somit konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine kleine Anzahl von Knochenmark-Stammzellen ausreicht, um eine große Zahl von Kardiomyozyten zu beeinflussen, indem eine intrazelluläre Signalkaskade über c-Myc aktiviert und die Anzahl der Beta-Adrenozeptoren erhöht wird.

Tissue engineering (TE) uses a combination of biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and drug delivery systems (DDS) to create tissues that resemble the human physiology. Such engineered tissues could be used to treat, repair, replace, and augment damaged tissues or organs, for disease modeling, and drug screening purposes. This work describes the development and use of novel strategies for engineering neural tissue using a combination of drug delivery systems (DDS), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and bioprinting technologies for the generation of a drug screening tool to be used in the process of drug discovery and development. The DDS consisted of purmorphamine (puro) loaded microspheres that were fabricated using an oil-in-water single emulsion with 84% encapsulation efficiency and showed the slow release of puro for up to 46 days in vitro. Puro and retinoic acid (RA)-loaded microspheres were combined with hiPSCs-derived neural aggregates (NAs) that differentiated into neural tissues expressing βT-III and showed increased neural extension. hiPCS-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were bioprinted on a layer-by-layer using a fibrin based-bioink and extrusion based- bioprinting. The bioprinted structures showed >81% cellular viability after 7 days of culture in vitro and the expression of the mature motor neuron (MN) markers HB9 and CHAT. Lastly, hiPCS-derived NPCs were bioprinted in combination with puro and RA-loaded microspheres and cultured for 45 days in vitro. The microspheres slowly released the drug and after 30 and 45 days the tissues contained mature neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes expressing CHAT, GFAP, and O4, respectively. Changes in membrane potential indicated tissue responsiveness to different types of treatments such as acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the future the bioprinted tissues could contain localized regions of varied drug releasing microspheres using a concentration gradient to promote differentiation into specific cell types in order to create more complex tissues. Moreover, these tissues will benefit from the presence of a neurovascular unit (NVU). Upon validation, the engineered tissues could be used as preclinical tools to test potential drugs and be used for personalized medicine by using patient specific hiPSCs. / Graduate / 2020-11-19

Le travail présenté dans le manuscrit concerne la conception d'un dispositif médical de classe III pour des applications en ingénierie tissulaire du derme et du disque intervertébral.Il s'agit d'une solution aqueuse de chitosane, stérilisée par autoclave, et dont le pH et l'osmolarité ont été ajustés selon un procédé de dialyse classique. Cette solution possède des propriétés de gélification in situ innovantes, ce qui lui confère de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques quelques minutes après l'injection, sans l'utilisation d'agents de réticulation mais de façon modulable en fonction de la concentration en polymère. De plus, cette solution possède une bonne injectabilité favorisant le développement d'une technique d'implantation mini-invasive pour la régénération du derme et du disque intervertébral. Un critère de performance rhéologique a notamment été mis au point afin de relier l'injectabilité aux propriétés mécaniques de l'injectât (dermal filler).Les propriétés mécaniques de l'injectât gélifié doivent être comparables au tissu natif en particulier pour le dermal filler mais aussi pour le disque intervertébral. Le comportement mécanique viscoélastique du disque intervertébral a été évalué par des essais de relaxation de contraintes et modélisé avec un modèle de Maxwell solide à trois branches. Ces essais ont été conduits sur des disques sains, ayant subi une altération de structure (fenestration) et après l'injection de biopolymères.La solution de chitosane a été injectée (i) dans le tissu cutané de deux modèles animaux : le porc et le rat et (ii) dans le disque intervertébral de deux modèles animaux : le porc et le lapin. La biocompatibilité ainsi que la réponse biologique de solutions/gels physique de chitosane in vivo ont été validées pour tous ces modèles animaux / This work deals with the conception of a class III medical device for applications in tissue engineering of dermis and intervertebral disc.This device consists in an aqueous chitosan solution, sterilized by autoclaving, with pH and osmolality adjusted by a dialysis process. This chitosan solution shows in situ gelation ability with a post-injection increase of mechanical properties. This feature is related to polymer concentration, gelation time, and is performed without external cross-linking agent. In addition, the solution exhibits a good injectability allowing the development of minimally invasive techniques to treat dermis and intervertebral disc diseases. A rheological performance criterion was defined linking injectability to mechanical properties of the implant (dermal filler).Mechanical properties of gel implant formed in contact with body fluids, in situ, have to be similar to that of native tissues. The viscoelastic behavior characterization of intervertebral disc was performed using stress relaxation and was modeled using a generalized solid Maxwell model (composed of three Maxwell elements). The tests were performed on healthy disc, fenestrated discs and after biopolymers injection.Chitosan solutions were injected into (i) porcine and rat cutaneous tissue and (ii) porcine and rabbit intervertebral discs. The biocompatibility and biofunctionality of chitosan solutions and physical hydrogels was evidenced in vivo for all animals

Introduction : L'Accident Vasculaire Cérébral (AVC) est la 1ère cause de handicap acquis chez l'adulte, dans les pays industrialisés. 20% des patients décèdent dans le mois qui suit, 75% des survivants gardent des séquelles définitives, 33% deviennent dépendant à vie. Il n'existe pour l'heure aucune thérapie de récupération quand les déficits fonctionnels sont en place hormis la rééducation. Chez l'homme, 80% des AVC thrombotiques touchent l'artère cérébrale moyenne, qui irrigue le cortex moteur primaire (M1). M1 projette des axones jusque dans la moelle épinière et forme le Faisceau Cortico Spinal (FCS). Après une atteinte de M1, ce faisceau dégénère et cela induit des déficits fonctionnels de force et de dextérité. M1 est indispensable pour les mouvements volontaires dextres garants de l'indépendance du patient. Objectif : Mise au point d'un modèle de lésion cérébrale, chez un primate non humain, le marmouset, qui permette d'évaluer la récupération fonctionnelle motrice afin d'étudier l'effet de neuro-implants. Méthode : 14 marmousets ont servi à caractériser le nouveau modèle lésionnel induit par une injection stéréotaxique d'une toxine inhibant le métabolisme cellulaire. Des tests comportementaux, évaluant le score neurologique, la dextérité et la force de traction du membre supérieur, ont permis d'évaluer la récupération fonctionnelle en phase aiguë, subaiguë et chronique jusqu'à 6 mois après la lésion. Le suivi longitudinal structural et fonctionnel de la lésion et de la récupération a été réalisé par IRM (T1, T2, DTI). Le suivi de l'intégrité du FCS a été étudié, pour la première fois chez le marmouset, grâce à une technique (ME-MRI, manganese-enhanced-MRI) utilisant un agent de contraste injecté directement dans le cortex M1, capté par les neurones et traçant les voies neuronales. Une étude pilote sur 3 marmousets a testé l'effet de neuro-implants microstructurés dans la lésion cérébrale associés à l'injection de chondroïtinase ABC (enzyme de dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire). / Introduction: Stroke is the first leading cause of acquired handicap and disability in adults in industrialized countries. 20% of patients die in the following month, 75% of survivors remain with definitive sequelae, 33% become dependent for life. No therapy in the recovery phase exists today when functional deficits are installed except rehabilitation. In human, 80% of thrombotic stroke affect middle cerebral artery, which supplies the primary motor cortex (M1). M1 projects axons to the spinal cord and forms the CorticoSpinal Tract (CST). After an M1 insult, this tract degenerates and functional deficits of force and dexterity are induced. M1 is essential for voluntary dexterous movements that make patients independent. Objective: Setting up of a cerebral lesion model in a non-human primate, the marmoset, where the functional motor recovery can be assessed in order to study thereafter the effect of neuro-implant. Methods: 14 marmosets served to characterize the new lesion model induced by stereotaxic injection of a toxin inhibiting the cellular metabolism. Behavioral tests assessing the neurological score, dexterity and pulling strength of the upper limb, could assess the functional recovery in the acute, sub-acute and chronic phases until 6 months after the lesion. The longitudinal structural and functional follow-up after the lesion and during the recovery was done with MRI (T1, T2, EPI, DTI). The follow-up of the integrity of the CST was studied for the first time in the marmoset with a technic (ME-MRI, manganese-enhanced-MRI) using a contrast agent injected directly in the cortex M1, taken up by neurons and that traced neuronal tracts. A pilot study on 3 marmosets tested the effect of micro-patterned neuro-implants in the cerebral lesion associated with the injection of chondroïtinase ABC (enzyme of extracellular matrix degradation).