Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-09T23:48:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AldoNonatoBorges_TESE.pdf: 15608480 bytes, checksum: 60c4bf5bb7ac9afa99560b220ddce23d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-10T20:43:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AldoNonatoBorges_TESE.pdf: 15608480 bytes, checksum: 60c4bf5bb7ac9afa99560b220ddce23d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T20:43:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AldoNonatoBorges_TESE.pdf: 15608480 bytes, checksum: 60c4bf5bb7ac9afa99560b220ddce23d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho ? apresentado um novo material cer?mico obtido por meio da incorpora??o de res?duos s?lidos, provenientes do setor sider?rgico e conhecido como p? de despoeiramento ? res?duo PAE ? em formula??es cer?micas ? base de argila, feldspatos s?dicos e pot?ssicos, caulim e talco. Formula??es cer?micas foram preparadas com teores de res?duos de 0% (massa b?sica ? MB), 2%, 4% e 8%, submetidas ? queima nas temperaturas de 1000?C, 1050?C, 1100?C e 1150?C, durante os per?odos de 15 min. e 120 min. As propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e mec?nicas dessas formula??es cer?micas foram determinadas em fun??o da temperatura de queima, tempo de perman?ncia em forno e do percentual de res?duos. J? as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e mec?nicas dos materiais sinterizados foram avaliadas atrav?s de t?cnicas de an?lise qu?mica (Fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X ? FRX), distribui??o granulom?trica, superf?cie espec?fica, massa espec?fica aparente, an?lise estrutural por difra??o de raios-X (DRX) e caracteriza??o de superf?cie por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). A resposta magn?tica, as caracter?sticas e o padr?o magn?tico das ferritas foram analisados nas condi??es de ensaio das amostras, constatando-se que a susceptibilidade magn?tica de satura??o independe da temperatura de sinteriza??o do material, estando relacionada ? sua estrutura cristalina. A partir da an?lise dos resultados, concluiu-se que o material cer?mico com melhores propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas ? obtido quando ? adicionado 8% do res?duo PAE ? formula??o padr?o, sob o tempo de queima de 15 minutos e temperatura de 1150?C. / This work presents a new ceramic material obtained through the incorporation of solid waste from the steel industry and known as dedusting powder PAE - in ceramic formulations based on clay, potassium and sodium feldspars, kaolin and talc. Formulations were prepared with ceramic residue levels of 0% (basic mass - MB), 2%, 4% and 8%, subjected to firing at temperatures of 1000 ? C, 1050?C, 1100?C and 1150?C for periods of 15 min. and 120 min. The physicchemical and mechanical properties of these ceramic formulations were determined based on the firing temperature, residence time in the oven and the percentage of waste. Since the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the sintered materials were evaluated by chemical analysis techniques (fluorescence X-rays - FRX), particle size distribution, specific surface area, apparent density, structural analysis by diffraction of X-rays (DRX) and characterization of surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic response characteristics and the pattern of magnetic ferrites of the samples were analyzed in the assay conditions, having noticed that the saturation magnetic susceptibility depend on the sintering temperature of the material and it is associated with its crystal structure. From the analysis results, it was concluded that the ceramic material with better physical and mechanical properties is obtained when the 8% from PAE residue is added to standard formulation under the burn time of 15 minutes and temperature of 1150?C.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-14T20:19:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EriemAllyneMedeirosAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 6333576 bytes, checksum: 4fb198cb10ff3117dbd15b989910b143 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-15T23:30:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EriemAllyneMedeirosAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 6333576 bytes, checksum: 4fb198cb10ff3117dbd15b989910b143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T23:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EriemAllyneMedeirosAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 6333576 bytes, checksum: 4fb198cb10ff3117dbd15b989910b143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Embora que eficiente do ponto de vista t?cnico, as camadas de argamassa que constituem o revestimento tradicional de alvenaria (chapisco, embo?o e reboco) apresentam-se em contradi??o com as novas tecnologias construtivas e m?todos mais eficientes de consumo e racionaliza??o da obra. Do ponto de vista ambiental, o aproveitamento de res?duos em novos comp?sitos para a constru??o civil tem sido uma vertente de estudos em crescimento na comunidade cient?fica, podendo vir a ser uma solu??o econ?mica, em alguns casos. Assim sendo, essa pesquisa prop?e o desenvolvimento de uma argamassa para Revestimento Decorativo Monocamada (RDM), para aplica??o em fachadas, produzida em canteiro, incorporando res?duo de vidro temperado (RVT) na matriz ciment?cia, como substituto parcial do agregado. Para tanto, adotou-se a rela??o aglomerante/agregado de 1:6 (em volume), ?ndice de consist?ncia de 250mm ? 20, teores de substitui??o da areia por res?duo de vidro em 20%, 50% e 80%, e rela??o ?gua/cimento vari?vel em diversos tra?os. Foram utilizados dois aditivos, um polim?rico, ? base de estireno butadieno, e outro qu?mico, al?m da adi??o mineral de s?lica ativa e de pigmento inorg?nico nas cores vermelho, amarelo e azul. Foram realizados ensaios mec?nicos para a massa no estado fresco e endurecido, assim como para o revestimento aplicado sobre alvenaria, de modo a demonstrar a viabilidade do material. Al?m disso, verificou-se a adequabilidade do RDM ao ambiente constru?do, por meio de ensaios t?rmicos. Os resultados demonstram a exequibilidade do RDM proposto com valores expressivamente superiores, quando comparado ?s normatiza??es. Assim sendo, o estudo apresenta-se a comunidade cient?fica como um incentivo ao uso das inova??es tecnol?gicas na constru??o, aumentando o leque de alternativas dispon?veis para a produ??o habitacional, com a proposi??o de um material que alcan?a as funcionalidades pretendidas e obt?m ganho ambiental, podendo ser adotado em canteiros de obras, em contrapartida as argamassas industrializadas. / Although efficient from a technical point of view, mortar layers that make up the traditional masonry coating (slurry mortar, plaster and plaster) have to be in contradiction with the new construction technologies and more efficient methods of consumption and work rationalization. From an environmental point of view, the recovery of waste into new composites for the building has been a growing strand of studies in the scientific community, may prove to be a cost-effective solution in some cases. Thus, this research proposes the development of a mortar Decorative Coating Monolayer (RDM), for use in facades, produced on site, incorporating tempered glass waste (RVT) in the cement matrix, as a partial substitute for aggregate. Therefore, we adopted the binder respect / aggregate of 1: 6 (by volume), consistency index 250mm ? 20, sand substitution levels of glass waste 20%, 50% and 80% and relative water / cement varied in many traits. Two additives were used, a polymer, styrene-butadiene-based, and other chemical, besides mineral and silica fume inorganic pigment in colors red, yellow and blue. Mechanical tests were carried out on fresh pasta and hardened, as well as for the applied coating on masonry, so as to demonstrate the feasibility of the material. In addition, it verified the adequacy of the RDM built environment by means of thermal tests. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed RDM with significantly higher values when compared to norms, especially the dash-added replacement content of 20% and addition of pigment in red. Therefore, the study shows the scientific community as an incentive to the use of technological innovations in construction, increasing the range of alternatives available for housing production, with the proposition of a material that achieves the desired functionality and obtain environmental gain, and may be adopted on construction sites as an alternative industrialized mortars.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-15T00:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDanielJalesSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2654477 bytes, checksum: 95ea07b4f227c6359f14ec087c4ad54c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-20T19:11:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDanielJalesSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2654477 bytes, checksum: 95ea07b4f227c6359f14ec087c4ad54c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T19:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDanielJalesSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2654477 bytes, checksum: 95ea07b4f227c6359f14ec087c4ad54c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A gera??o de res?duos industriais tem aumentado cada vez mais nas ?ltimas d?cadas, motivando estudos sobre uma destina??o ambientalmente correta e sustent?vel e que tamb?m represente vantagens para seus geradores. Neste contexto est?o inseridas duas empresas do nicho de produtos de limpeza que est?o localizadas no munic?pio de S?o Jos? do Mipibu e produzem um lodo industrial em esta??o de tratamento de efluentes, constituindo a abordagem principal desta pesquisa. Diante disto, verificou-se o potencial de incorpora??o do referido lodo em matriz de cimento Portland como adi??o mineral para a fabrica??o de concretos, dado o elevado potencial de imobiliza??o de res?duos na matriz endurecida desse material, sendo estes utilizados posteriormente na pr?pria empresa para confec??o de artigos pr?-moldados. Foram adicionados diferentes teores de lodo (5, 10, 15 e 20%) em um tra?o comum (1:2:3), sendo avaliadas suas implica??es t?cnicas e microestruturais por meio de ensaios de trabalhabilidade no estado fresco e resist?ncia ? compress?o, porosidade total e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) no estado endurecido. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade do processo tanto do ponto de vista t?cnico e ambiental quanto econ?mico. Todos os concretos produzidos com res?duo apresentaram uma aumento de trabalhabilidade atribu?do a natureza do res?duo que possu?a subst?ncias surfactantes capazes de adsorver min?sculas part?culas de ar na massa. Em contrapartida, para todos os teores foram obtidas resist?ncias ? compress?o inferiores ao concreto padr?o, com uma redu??o de 39%, para as amostras com 20% de lodo. Isso se deve, principalmente a um aumento de porosidade na zona de transi??o desses materiais, resultante de maior forma??o de etringita em detrimento a forma??o de CSH, principal composto cimentante, mas que, ainda assim, permite o uso desses concretos para a fabrica??o de artigos com car?ter n?o estrutural, como pisos pr?-moldados. Ademais, a absor??o de ?gua e ?ndice de vazios aumentaram levemente para todas as amostras, com exce??o do concreto com 20% de res?duo que apresentou redu??o para os dois par?metros. Diante deste contexto, o teor m?ximo recomendado ? de 20%, constituindo uma propor??o significativa e capaz de destinar sustentavelmente todo o res?duo gerado na ind?stria. / The generation of industrial wastes has been increased more and more in recent decades, motivating studies about a correct sustainable allocation and that also represents advantages for their generators. In this context, are included two companies of cleaning products niche, located in S?o Jos? do Mipibu/RN, that produces industrial sludge at a sewage treatment plant, and that is the main approach of this research. Given this, it was studied the incorporation potentiality of this sludge as a mineral addition in cement matrix for concrete production due it high capacity of wastes immobilization inside this material, which are subsequently used in the company for making precast articles. Were added different sludge concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) in a common trait (1: 2: 3), and evaluated their techniques and microstructural implications via workability test in fresh state and compressive strength, full porosity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the hardened state. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the process both from a technical and environmental view as economical. All concretes produced with residue showed an increase of workability given the nature of the waste that had surfactants substances capable of adsorbing tiny particles of air into the batter. However, for all concentrations were obtained lower compressive resistances than standard concrete, with a reduction of 39% for samples with 20% of sludge. This are attributed mainly to an increase of porosity in the transition zone of these material, resulting from increased formation of ettringite at the detriment to the formation of other compounds, but which still allows the use of these for the manufacture of concrete articles with non-structural nature, such as precast floor. In addition, the water absorption and void ratio increased slightly for all samples, except the concrete with 20% of waste that has a reduction for the last parameter. Given this context, the recommended maximum level is 20%, constituting a significant proportion and able to allocate sustainably all waste generated in the industry.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-11T17:41:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaCristinaJustoFernandesNobreDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 3441835 bytes, checksum: 1aa9a65e0cb3f0cda2f8f9e5d6042a7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-18T18:13:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaCristinaJustoFernandesNobreDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 3441835 bytes, checksum: 1aa9a65e0cb3f0cda2f8f9e5d6042a7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T18:13:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaCristinaJustoFernandesNobreDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 3441835 bytes, checksum: 1aa9a65e0cb3f0cda2f8f9e5d6042a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O Brasil ? um pa?s em desenvolvimento dotado de imensa quantidade de recursos naturais que necessitam ser preservados a fim de que o crescimento econ?mico seja associado ao desenvolvimento sustent?vel. A gest?o de res?duos s?lidos ? um desafio cont?nuo para as ind?strias no Brasil, incluindo as que produzem materiais cer?micos. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a utiliza??o de Res?duo de Polimento de Porcelanato (RPP) para a execu??o de aterros compactados. O RPP ? um res?duo em consist?ncia de lama gerado durante a etapa de polimento do material cer?mico porcelanato, composto por material pulverulento desprendido da pe?a cer?mica polida, por material abrasivo gasto e por ?gua de resfriamento e lavagem. O RPP utilizado nesta pesquisa foi coletado em empresa localizada no munic?pio de Conde/PB e ser? estudado em misturas com solo areno-argiloso, para a execu??o de aterros. Foram realizados ensaios de caracteriza??o e de resist?ncia mec?nica com o solo puro, o RPP puro e misturas de solo e res?duo nas propor??es de 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% da adi??o de RPP em massa seca de solo. Os ensaios de caracteriza??o realizados em todas as amostras foram: massa espec?fica dos s?lidos, granulometria conjunta, granulometria a laser, limites de Atterberg, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difra??o de raios X, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e compacta??o. As amostras tamb?m foram compactadas e submetidas ainda a ensaios de cisalhamento direto e provas de carga em placa. Este ?ltimo ensaio foi realizado em placa circular de 30 cm de di?metro, sobre amostra moldada em caixa met?lica no laborat?rio de Mec?nica dos Solos da UFRN. A capacidade de carga do aterro foi avaliada para as amostras compactadas de solo puro e da mistura de 5, previamente selecionada. Todos os ensaios de resist?ncia mec?nica foram desenvolvidos na condi??o inundada, a fim de minimizar poss?veis influ?ncias de suc??o matricial. Os resultados dos ensaios de caracteriza??o apontam que o RPP ? um material fino, com granulometria inferior a 0,015 mm, rico em s?lica e alumina, com part?culas de formato angular. O solo em estudo ? uma areia argilosa, caracterizado como later?tico, com altos teores de alumina e ?xido de ferro, e com part?culas de formato arredondado. Tanto o solo puro quanto as misturas foram identificados como materiais fracamente pl?sticos, enquanto o res?duo se mostrou medianamente pl?stico. Os resultados dos ensaios de cisalhamento direto apontam que a adi??o de res?duo no solo n?o provocou varia??es significativas nos valores de ?ngulo de atrito interno das misturas, em rela??o ao solo puro, mas, no que diz respeito aos valores de pico da resist?ncia ao cisalhamento, ocorreu uma tend?ncia a um decr?scimo na resist?ncia das misturas com o aumento da quantidade de res?duo adicionada. Tanto o solo puro quanto a mistura de 5% apresentaram ruptura por puncionamento, para a prova de carga em placa. O resultado da prova de carga em placa mostrou tamb?m que a mistura de 5% apresentou tens?o admiss?vel 44% maior do que o solo puro. Os recalques da Mistura de 5% tamb?m foram menores do que os do solo puro. / Brazil is a country in development, rich in natural resources. In order to grow sustainably, it is necessary to Brazil to preserve its environment, which is an expressive challenge, especially to industries, such as those producing ceramic materials. This study was developed using Porcelain Tile Polishing Residue (RPP) in blends with soil to build compacted fills. This residue is a slurry generated during the polishing process of porcelain tiles and contains powdery material from the polished tile, the abrasives used during the process and cooling water. The RPP was collected from a private company located in Conde/PB and it was mixed with a sandy-clayey soil, to build the fills. Laboratorial tests were conducted with pure soil, pure RPP and blends in proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of RPP in addition to the dry mass of pure soil. The Chemical and Physical Characterization tests performed were: specific solid weight, grain size distribution, laser analysis of grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and soil compaction,. The materials and blends were also compacted and direct shear tests and plate load tests were performed. Plate load tests were conducted using a circular plate with 30 cm diameter, on specimens of pure soil and 5% blend, compacted in a metallic box inside the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Both mechanical tests performed were conducted under inundated conditions, willing to reduce the influence of soil suction. An evaluation of the results of the tests performed shows that RPP is a fine material, with grain size distribution smaller than 0,015mm, composed mainly of silica and alumina, and particles in angular shape. The soil was characterized as a clayey sand, geologically known as a lateritic soil, with high percentages of alumina and iron oxide, and particles with rounded shape. Both the Soil and the blends presented low plasticity, while the residue showed a medium plasticity. Direct shear tests showed that the addition of RPP did not cause major changes into blends? friction angle data, however, it was possible to note that, for the proportions studied, that is a tendency of obtain lower shear stresses for higher percentages of RPP in the blends. Both pure soil and 5% mixture showed a punching disruption for the Plate load test. For this same test, the allowable stress for 5% mixture was 44% higher than the pure soil, and smaller vertical settlement results for all stresses.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-22T15:34:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MeliseCarinaDuarteDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 4982538 bytes, checksum: 7e42f255bc7d008f276d0c784126c575 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-27T22:49:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MeliseCarinaDuarteDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 4982538 bytes, checksum: 7e42f255bc7d008f276d0c784126c575 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T22:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MeliseCarinaDuarteDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 4982538 bytes, checksum: 7e42f255bc7d008f276d0c784126c575 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / A ind?stria ceramista gera res?duos em v?rias etapas de seu processo, por produtos defeituosos, res?duos da queima de combust?veis s?lidos, entre outros. Esses res?duos s?o despejados em aterros, lix?es ou diretamente nas vias, o que causa um impacto ambiental negativo. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo para incorporar os res?duos de cinza de lenha da algaroba e chamote (pe?as de refugo de cer?micas j? sinterizadas), nas massas cer?micas para confec??o de Blocos de Veda??o. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos consistem na caracteriza??o qu?mica e mineral?gica dos res?duos e das mat?rias-primas, e caracteriza??o f?sico-mec?nica das formula??es das misturas com argila, silte e res?duos. Foram produzidos corpos de prova por prensagem, com varia??es de composi??es no intervalo de 0%, 5%, 10% e 15% em massa de res?duo. A sinteriza??o foi realizada em forno tipo mufla, com patamares nas temperaturas de 850 ?C, 900 ?C, 950 ?C, 1000 ?C e 1050 ?C. As propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas avaliadas foram: Absor??o de ?gua, Retra??o Linear de Queima, Porosidade Aparente, Massa Espec?fica Aparente e Resist?ncia Mec?nica ? Flex?o. Foi realizada an?lise por Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura nas superf?cies de fratura dos corpos de prova. Foram avaliadas as propriedades de Retra??o Linear de Secagem e Queima, Absor??o de ?gua e Resist?ncia Mec?nica ? Compress?o dos Blocos de Veda??o com 5% de res?duo de cinza da lenha de algaroba, sinterizados no patamar de temperatura de 900 ?C. Como resultados principais, concluiu-se sobre a viabilidade em se utilizar os res?duos de cinza da lenha de algaroba para conferir propriedades refrat?rias ao produto cer?mico. J? o res?duo de chamote, por ser derivado do pr?prio produto cer?mico, n?o interferiu nas propriedades finais. Os estudos comprovaram que a incorpora??o desses res?duos seria uma alternativa tecnol?gica para reduzir o impacto ambiental causado pelo setor industrial. / The ceramics industry generates waste at various stages of that process, defective products, waste from burning solid fuels, among others. This waste is dumped in landfills, garbage dumps or directly on roads, which has a negative environmental impact. This paper presents a study to incorporate the waste of algaroba wood and chamote (scrap pieces of ceramic already sintered), in to the ceramic material for making sealing blocks. The methodological procedures consist in the characterization of chemical and mineralogical residues, raw materials, and physical-mechanical of the formulations of mixes with clay, silt and waste. By pressing test pieces were produced using a pressure of 200 kgf/cm?, varying compositions in the range of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of residue. The sintering was performed in a muffle furnace, with the temperature levels of 850 ? C, 900 ? C, 950 ? C, 1000 ? C and 1050 ? C. The evaluated physical and mechanical properties were: Water Absorption, Linear Shrinkage Burning, Apparent Porosity, Apparent Density and Mechanical Resistance to Flexion. Analysis was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy on fracture surfaces of the specimens. Evaluation of linear shrinkage property drying and firing , water absorption and mechanical resistance to compression of the sealing blocks 5% wood ash residue, sintered at 900 ?C hold temperature in the laboratory the products manufactured on an industrial scale. The main results, it was found on the viability of using the residues of algaroba wood and to confer refractory properties of the ceramic product. The main results, it was concluded feasibility of using the ash residues algaroba wood to impart refractory properties to the ceramic product and the residue of chamote, being derived from the own ceramic product not interfere with the properties, when used in a percentage of up to 5%.Since the residue of chamote being derived from the ceramic product itself had no effect on the properties. Studies in the laboratory have shown that the incorporation of up to 5% of these residues may be adopted as an alternative technology to reduce the environmental impact caused by the industrial sector, without compromising the final properties of the material, since the results on an industrial scale showed absorption values 11.66 and 11.74 of water and waste products respectively, within the parameters of NBR - 15,270, since the mechanical strength was 1.25 MPa and 0.94 MPa respectively for products with and without residue, lower than the minimum required by the technical standard that is 1.5 MPa.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristinaSB_DISSERT.pdf: 8141257 bytes, checksum: 871cd95d3a846703a2c9ec0b91319298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-20 / This dissertation conducted in the years 2011 and 2012, an analysis of cooperatives waste pickers in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, aiming to identify improvements to be implemented to assist the management of waste from the municipality as well as to improve the living conditions of the workers who perform the selective collection, the environmental perspective. This analysis was performed by means of an investigation of the reality in which they live cooperatives and their local representation, using also the law. The research is characterized as a case study of an applied nature, documentary, consultations with the institutions related to the issue of solid waste in the national and local levels; exploratory and descriptive, the main methodological tools technical visits and structured interviews. From these methods was possible to obtain data regarding the organization of cooperatives, environmental perception of the collector of recyclable materials, among other issues. For the analysis of data matrices were used to include comments and method GUT, from which it was possible to identify numerous difficulties faced by recycling cooperatives, and develop proposals for possible improvements in various aspects of their operation, such as infrastructure and production process , which can improve both the waste management and the quality of life of workers involved in the selective collection system city / A presente disserta??o realizou, nos anos de 2011 e 2012, uma an?lise das cooperativas de catadores de materiais recicl?veis da cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como objetivo identificar melhorias a serem implementadas para auxiliar o gerenciamento dos res?duos do munic?pio, bem como para a melhoria das condi??es de vida dos trabalhadores que realizam a coleta seletiva, na perspectiva socioambiental. Tal an?lise realizou-se por meio de uma investiga??o da realidade na qual vivem as cooperativas e de sua representatividade local, utilizando-se tamb?m da legisla??o vigente. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso de natureza aplicada; documental, com consultas ?s institui??es relacionadas ? quest?o dos res?duos s?lidos nos cen?rio nacional e local; explorat?ria e descritiva, tendo como principais instrumentos metodol?gicos visitas t?cnicas e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir dos referidos m?todos foi poss?vel obter dados referentes ? organiza??o das cooperativas, percep??o ambiental do catador de materiais recicl?veis, entre outras quest?es. Para a an?lise dos dados foram utilizadas matrizes de inclus?o de coment?rios e o m?todo GUT, a partir dos quais foi poss?vel identificar in?meras dificuldades enfrentadas pelas cooperativas de catadores, al?m de elaborar propostas de poss?veis melhorias em diversos aspectos de seu funcionamento, como infraestrutura e processo produtivo, as quais possam aprimorar tanto a gest?o dos res?duos, quanto a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores envolvidos no sistema de coleta seletiva municipal

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LANALS.pdf: 2805890 bytes, checksum: b890ad0b14de62da03f359b1314c879d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The world market of Kaolin has been growing as new investments for better quality of materials have been applied. This market produces amounts of dross that are put in the environment in a wrong way, causing damages to it. Trying to reduce these damages, researches have been done in an attempt to use kaolin dross in ceramic. The disposal of kaolin dross in the environment by the industries of the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba have great impact in society. Usually this dross is disposed clandestinely in places like roads, river banks and lands of small cities. The present work shows the characteristics of the kaolin produced by the mining company in Junco do Serid?, Paraiba state, western Serid?, 300 km from Natal, in the border of both states. After that, researches were done to study its physical and the chemistry characteristics, trying to see if it can be used in white ceramic. The samples got were bolted in fabric of 325# . The technological characteristics tried to use it as a product in white ceramic. For that, it was made a haracterization of the subject matter through enlargement analyses, ATG and ATD, elaborating three formulations that were burned in four different temperatures, 1175, 1200, 1250 and 1300 degrees centigrade up to 30 minutes. After the burning, the subjects were submitted to water absorbing tests, linear retreating, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, resistance to flexibility and MEV. For one of the mixtures it was obtained demanded properties for a semi porous material / O mercado mundial de caulim tem se mostrado cada vez mais competitivo, considerando-se o investimento crescente no desenvolvimento de novos produtos com maior qualidade. Esse mercado gera uma quantidade de res?duo que s?o dispostos no meio ambiente de maneira inadequada, causando grandes impactos ambientais. Na busca de minimizar esses impactos, estudos est?o sendo elaborados para aproveitamento do res?duo de caulim em massas cer?micas. Os descartes de res?duos gerados pelas ind?strias de beneficiamento de caulim nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte e da Para?ba incidem negativamente sobre toda a sociedade. Na maioria das vezes esses res?duos s?o dispostos clandestinamente em locais como terrenos baldios, margens de rios, ruas e periferias das cidades. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o rejeito de caulim proveniente de empresa de minera??o localizada em Junco do Serid? - PB, no Serid? Oriental, a 300 km de Natal, divisa entre os Estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Para?ba e, em seguida, estudar as suas propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas verificando se os resultados obtidos fazem com que o mesmo possa vir a ser usado em composi??o de partida para obten??o de cer?mica branca. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas ? peneiramento em malha de 325 mesh. A caracteriza??o tecnol?gica foi realizada visando a sua aplica??o do res?duo como produto para cer?mica branca. Para isso, foi feita a caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas por an?lise dilatom?trica, ATG e ATD, elaborando-se tr?s formula??es que foram sinterizadas em quatro temperaturas: 1175, 1200, 1250 e 1300 ?C com patamar de 30 minutos. Ap?s a sinteriza??o, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, resist?ncia ? flex?o e MEV. Obtiveram-se para uma das misturas, propriedades compat?veis com as exigidas para um material semi- poroso segundo a norma NBR 13

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaurilioML.pdf: 1402196 bytes, checksum: 5d957dc60dc4fcde085c9265b4ecfe9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-15 / The red ceramics and structural ceramics, as they are known, include ceramic materials made by blocks of seals and structures, bricks, tiles, smail flagstones manacles, rustic floors and ornamental materials. Their fabrication uses raw material such as clay and clay sites, with some content of impurity. It has good durability and mechanical strength to compression, low cost, making it one of the mainly used materials in civil engineering. The incorporation of many industrial activities residue to ceramic products is a technological alternative for reducing the environmental impact caused by its carefree disposal. This incorporation can promote chemical change and inertness of metals from residue, by fixation in the glassy phase of ceramic during the burning stage. The main aim of this project is to study the technical feasibility of the addition of ceramic oven ash into formulations of mass for structural ceramics. In this project two kinds of clay (plastic and non-plastic) were used, as well as the ash from firewood used in the process of burning of structural ceramics. A group of experiments was outlined, which permitted the evaluation of the influence of the burning cycle in different temperatures of the ash content in formulations for ceramic blocks through technological properties, mechanical behavior and microstructure. Five samples were processed of each one of the masses of plastic and non-plastic clay without addition of ash and with addition of ash on the percentages of 10 % and 20 %, for temperatures of 850 ?C, 950 ?C, 1050 ?C and 1150 ?C, obtained through sinterization process. Among the studied compositions, the one which presented best performance was the mass of clay with 10 % of ash, at temperature of 1150 ?C, with the smallest absorption of water, the smallest apparent porosity, specific apparent mass a bit over the others and greatest mechanical resistance to flexion. The composition made confirmed the technical feasibility of the use of ash in the mass for structural ceramics with maintenance of its necessary characteristics for its purposes / A cer?mica vermelha ou estrutural, como ? conhecida, compreende os materiais cer?micos formados por blocos de veda??es e estruturais, tijolos, telhas, lajotas, manilhas, pisos r?sticos e materiais ornamentais. Sua fabrica??o utiliza mat?rias-primas como argilas e siltes argilosos, com certo teor de impurezas. Possui boa durabilidade e resist?ncia mec?nica ? compress?o, baixo custo, o que a torna um dos principais materiais utilizados na constru??o civil. A incorpora??o de res?duos de diversas atividades industriais em produtos de cer?mica estrutural ? uma alternativa tecnol?gica para reduzir o impacto ambiental causado por sua disposi??o indiscriminada. Esta incorpora??o pode promover a troca qu?mica e a inertiza??o de metais, provenientes do res?duo, por fixa??o na fase v?trea da cer?mica durante o est?gio de queima. O trabalho em quest?o tem como objetivo principal estudar a viabilidade t?cnica de adi??o de cinza de alto forno cer?mico em formula??es de massa para cer?mica estrutural. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas duas argilas (pl?stica e n?o-pl?stica), assim como a cinza provinda da lenha utilizada no processo de queima de cer?mica estrutural. Delineou-se um conjunto de experimentos que permitiram avaliar a influ?ncia do ciclo de temperatura de queima em temperaturas diferentes do teor de cinzas em formula??es para blocos cer?micos atrav?s das propriedades tecnol?gicas, comportamento mec?nico e microestrutura. Foram processadas cinco amostras de cada uma das massas de argila pl?stica e n?o pl?stica sem adi??o de cinza e com adi??o de cinza nos percentuais de 10 % e 20 %, para temperaturas de 850 0C, 950 0C, 1050 0C e 1150 0C, tendo sido obtidas atrav?s do processo de sinteriza??o. Das composi??es estudadas com cinza, a que apresentou melhor desempenho foi a massa de argilas com 10 % de cinza, na temperatura de 1150 ?C, com a menor absor??o de ?gua, menor porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente pouco acima das outras e maior resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. A composi??o efetuada comprovou a viabilidade t?cnica da utiliza??o de cinza na massa para cer?mica estrutural, com manuten??o das suas caracter?sticas necess?rias para os fins a que se destinam

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EylissonAS.pdf: 1489335 bytes, checksum: 8fcffdaaafca0f8691545bd2bc5dd5fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With the current growth in consumption of industrialized products and the resulting increase in garbage production, their adequate disposal has become one of the greatest challenges of modern society. The use of industrial solid residues as fillers in composite materials is an idea that emerges aiming at investigating alternatives for reusing these residues, and, at the same time, developing materials with superior properties. In this work, the influence of the addition of sand, diatomite, and industrial residues of polyester and EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), on the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites, was studied. The main objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials with the addition of recycled residue fillers, and compare to those of the pure polyester resin. Composite specimens were fabricated and tested for the evaluation of the flexural properties and Charpy impact resistance. After the mechanical tests, the fracture surface of the specimens was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that some of the composites with fillers presented greater Young s modulus than the pure resin; in particular composites made with sand and diatomite, where the increase in modulus was about 168 %. The composites with polyester and EVA presented Young s modulus lower than the resin. Both strength and maximum strain were reduced when fillers were added. The impact resistance was reduced in all composites with fillers when compared to the pure resin, with the exception of the composites with EVA, where an increase of about 6 % was observed. Based on the mechanical tests, microscopy analyses and the compatibility of fillers with the polyester resin, the use of industrial solid residues in composites may be viable, considering that for each type of filler there will be a specific application / Com o crescimento acelerado do consumo de produtos industrializados, principalmente de produtos descart?veis, o aumento excessivo de lixo e sua disposi??o em lugares inadequados tornaramse um dos grandes problemas da sociedade moderna. A utiliza??o de res?duos s?lidos industriais como carga em comp?sitos ? uma id?ia que surge com o intuito de buscar alternativas adequadas para o reaproveitamento desses res?duos, visando tamb?m o desenvolvimento de materiais com propriedades superiores ?quelas dos materiais convencionais. Neste trabalho, estudouse a influ?ncia da adi??o de res?duos industriais de poli?ster e EVA (Etileno Acetato de Vinila), al?m de cargas de areia e diatomita, nas propriedades mec?nicas de comp?sitos de matriz poli?ster. O principal objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento mec?nico desses materiais com a adi??o de cargas de res?duo industrial, comparandoos com as propriedades da resina pura. Corposdeprova foram confeccionados e as propriedades mec?nicas dos comp?sitos obtidos foram analisadas, atrav?s de testes de flex?o e de impacto. Ap?s os ensaios mec?nicos, a superf?cie de fratura dos corposdeprova foi analisada por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados dos ensaios de flex?o mostraram que alguns comp?sitos apresentaram maior m?dulo, quando comparados com os resultados da resina pura; com destaque para os confeccionados com areia e diatomita, em que o aumento do m?dulo chegou a 168 %. Os comp?sitos confeccionados com adi??o de poli?ster e de EVA apresentaram m?dulo mais baixo que o da resina pura. Tanto o limite de resist?ncia quanto ? deforma??o m?xima, apresentaram redu??o nos seus valores, quando da adi??o de cargas. A resist?ncia ao impacto, em rela??o ? resina pura, foi reduzida em todos os comp?sitos com adi??o de cargas, exceto nos comp?sitos com a adi??o de EVA, onde houve um aumento de aproximadamente 6 %. Com base nos ensaios mec?nicos realizados, nas an?lises microsc?picas e na compatibilidade das cargas com a resina poli?ster, a utiliza??o das cargas de res?duos s?lidos industriais em comp?sitos mostrouse vi?vel, considerando que para cada tipo de carga haver? uma aplica??o espec?fica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CibeleGC.pdf: 1402838 bytes, checksum: db637069ba867fa96c00ae8cf6ff383c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The municipal district of Equador-RN is located in an area of great amounts of ores, being your main economical activity the extraction and the kaolin improvement. The main originating from environmental problem that activity is the amount of generated residue, about 70% of the extracted kaolin. The residues are simply piled up in lands of the improvement companies, occupying like this a large area and causing impact in the existent flora. When dry, the residues transform powdered and for the action of the wind, they disperse, polluting the air. Being like this, the present work has as objective evaluates the incorporation of the great residue, originating from of the kaolin improvement, in partial substitution of all the employed aggregates in a conventional mixture of asphalt concrete, which was used in the paving of BR101/RN061 - passage between Ponta Negra and Ares. That evaluation was accomplished in three stages. The first refers to the evaluation of the physical, thermal and mineralogical characteristics of the residue with the intention of to classify it and to define your application as aggregate (small and great). The second refers to the physical characterization of the aggregates and of the asphalt material used in the conventional mixture. And the third, to the evaluation of the mixtures containing residue, which were elaborated starting from the conventional mixture with the gradual incorporation of the residue, from 5 to 40%, in substitution to the part of the conventional aggregates, in way to obtain similar particle size curves the one of the conventional mixture. That evaluation was accomplished through the comparison between the volumetric composition, the mechanical behavior and the susceptibility to the humidity of the mixtures containing residue with the one of the conventional mixture, and with the one of the DNIT specifications. The results show that the great residue originating from of the kaolin improvement has grains of the most varied size, being like this, it can substitute part of all the conventional aggregates and of the filler in an asphalt mixture. Besides, your mineralogical composition presented the same present minerals in the composition of conventional aggregates used in paving. The results evaluation of the volumetric composition of the mixtures containing residue indicates that it can use up to 30% of residue in substitution to the conventional aggregates. The evaluation of the mechanical behavior of those mixtures indicates that the residue increment in the studied mixtures caused an increase of the stability and a reduction of the resistance to the traction. The values obtained in the resistance to the traction meet below the minimum value specified by DNIT, but close to the value obtained in the conventional mixture. When taking in consideration the susceptibility of the same ones to the humidity, the results indicate that she can use up to 25% of residue / O munic?pio de Equador-RN est? localizado numa regi?o de grandes quantidades de min?rios, sendo sua principal atividade econ?mica a extra??o e o beneficiamento de caulim. O principal problema ambiental proveniente dessa atividade ? a quantidade de res?duo gerado, cerca de 70% do caulim extra?do. Os res?duos s?o simplesmente amontoados em terrenos das empresas de beneficiamento, ocupando assim uma grande ?rea e causando impacto na flora existente. Quando secos, os res?duos transformam-se em p? e pela a??o do vento, se espalham, poluindo o ar. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a incorpora??o do res?duo grosso, oriundo do beneficiamento de caulim, em substitui??o parcial de todos os agregados empregados em uma mistura convencional de concreto asf?ltico, a qual foi utilizada na pavimenta??o da BR101/RN061 trecho entre Ponta Negra e Ares. Essa avalia??o foi realizada em tr?s etapas. A primeira refere-se ? avalia??o das caracter?sticas f?sicas, t?rmicas e mineral?gicas do res?duo com o intuito de classific?-lo e definir sua aplica??o como agregado (mi?do e gra?do). A segunda refere-se ? caracteriza??o f?sica dos agregados e do material asf?ltico utilizados na mistura convencional. E a terceira ? avalia??o das misturas contendo res?duo, as quais foram elaboradas a partir da mistura convencional com a incorpora??o gradativa do res?duo, de 5 a 40%, em substitui??o ? parte dos agregados convencionais, de forma a obter curvas granulom?tricas similares a da mistura convencional. Essa avalia??o foi realizada atrav?s da compara??o entre a composi??o volum?trica, o comportamento mec?nico e a suscetibilidade ? umidade das misturas contendo res?duo com os da mistura convencional, e com os das especifica??es exigidas pelo DNIT. Os resultados mostram que o res?duo grosso oriundo do beneficiamento de caulim possui gr?os dos mais variados di?metros, sendo assim, pode substituir parte de todos os agregados convencionais e do filler em uma mistura asf?ltica. Al?m disso, a sua composi??o mineral?gica apresentou os mesmos minerais presentes na composi??o de agregados convencionais utilizados em pavimenta??o. Os resultados da avalia??o da composi??o volum?trica das misturas contendo res?duo indicam que se pode empregar at? 30% de res?duo em substitui??o aos agregados convencionais. A avalia??o do comportamento mec?nico dessas misturas indicam que o incremento de res?duo nas misturas estudadas ocasionou um aumento da estabilidade e uma redu??o da resist?ncia ? tra??o. Os valores obtidos na resist?ncia ? tra??o se encontram abaixo do valor m?nimo especificado pelo DNIT, mas pr?ximos ao valor obtido na mistura convencional. Ao levar em considera??o a suscetibilidade das mesmas ? umidade, os resultados indicam que se pode empregar at? 25% de res?duo