本研究目的在於探究組織面對外在壓力下所形塑的組織變革能耐內涵，以及智慧資本觀點HRD實務在組織變革過程中所扮演的角色與實質內涵。研究個案來自於1994-2005年天下雜誌所選出的標竿企業，包括9家個案公司與21項變革事件，透過深度訪談與次級資料進行資料蒐集，並採用紮根理論進行資料分析。 研究結果發現，有二種路徑影響個案公司形塑或強化組織變革能耐，不同路徑的走向來自於在組織變革過程中遭遇變革阻力的類型。當個案公司未遭遇變革困境或員工心態衝擊程度小時，採行第一種路徑，即企業平時透過智慧資本觀點之HRD實務扮演的策略性角色所累積的智慧資本，有助於在變革當下轉化為組織變革能耐，並順利推展變革活動。另一方面，若遭遇內外部衝擊的交互作用，產生變革困境，原有的組織能力無法因應時，個案公司會採行第二種路徑自主性的調整與學習，透過促進性角色的智慧資本觀點之HRD實務，持續強化與形塑組織變革能耐，以克服組織困境，並有助於成功推行變革。 二種路徑所形成組織變革能耐內涵包括：穩固人心的企業文化價值、領導者的信任式領導能力、領導者持續性的執行力、專業導向的員工賦權、參與式的變革承諾、管理制度系統化、跨越邊界的系統化溝通、以及開放式的組織學習能力。外在環境壓力僅是引起組織改變的導火線，因為影響組織變革能耐內涵的差異化，同時包括了幾項連結性因素：變革驅動因子、變革行動類型、變革阻力的類型、與組織變革能耐的發展路徑，而外部環境壓力僅是變革驅動因子中的起始點。 在以上二種組織變革能耐發展路徑中，智慧資本觀點的HRD實務扮演了策略性或促進性的角色，有助於培植組織變革能耐，或強化組織變革能耐促使變革成功。除了策略性與促進性角色，智慧資本觀點之HRD實務在變革過程中也扮演維持性的角色，產生作業性能耐協助組織維持每天正常運作的績效。這些作業性能耐包括：員工的工作職能、員工的工作績效、組織成員平時的互動等等。 無論是扮演維持性、策略性、或促進性角色，智慧資本觀點HRD實務的組成內涵包括發展型、建構型與合作型的HRD構形，但是不同角色的HRD實務具有差異化的組成要素。透過發展型、建構型與合作型HRD構形，得以發展人力資本，建構組織資本，培養社會資本，而經由長時間所蓄積的智慧資本，有助於形成組織變革能耐或作業性能耐。本研究依據研究結果推展出10項研究命題，建構形塑組織變革能耐的變革模式，並提出相關的管理意涵。 / This study aims to explore the organizational capacity for change (OCC) under external pressures facing firms and the roles of intellectual-capital HRD practice in the organizational change process. Cases were obtained from benchmarking enterprises selected by Commonwealth Magazine from 1994 to 2005, including nine cases and twenty-one change events. In-depth interviews and secondary data were collected and analyzed by grounded theory procedures. The research findings show that the target companies adopted two paths to develop and shape OCC. Change resistance is obvious to be the influential factor. First, under low-degree of employee resistance, the intellectual-capital HRD practice plays the strategic role to accumulate intellectual capital, which is transformed into OCC during the organizational change. Second, change difficulties are generated from both external and internal shocks during transformation, then the target cases develop or strengthen new OCC to solve problems. And intellectual-capital HRD practice plays the facilitating role in the second path. Eight dimensions forming OCC are derived from the above two paths, including company culture value, trustworthy leadership, continuous execution, employee empowerment based on expertise, participative change commitment, systems management, systems communication across boundaries, and open organizational learning. External environmental pressure only is the fuse in change drivers, and the sequential process of change drivers, change types, change resistance, and the OCC path determine the differential OCC. Intellectual-capital HRD practice plays the strategic or facilitating role in different OCC development path to make change implementation successful. Besides, it is a maintaining role to generate operational capability, including employee competence, employee job performance, and employee interaction, to sustain operational performance. The components of intellectual-capital HRD practice are developmental, constructive, and collaborative HRD configuration, which yield human capital, organizational capital, and social capital, respectively. The long-term intellectual capital accumulation facilitates to shape OCC or operational capacity. Finally, the research proposes ten propositions to construct the change model shaping OCC and derived managerial implications.

Magistro darbe yra suformuluotos Lietuvos žiniomis grįstos ekonomikos plėtros tendencijos ir perspektyvos, tiriant Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių bei institucijų teorinius, teisinius ir praktinius aspektus, sietinus su ekonomikos transformacijos procesais, apimančiais: globalizacijos ir regionalizacijos poveikį visuotinei raidai ir pažangai; žiniomis grįstos ekonomikos svarbą Europos Sąjungos šalių konkurencingumui; žiniomis grįstos ekonomikos teisinius ir strateginius aspektus; sąveikos tarp darnaus vystymosi principo ir žiniomis grįstos ekonomikos svarbą, siekiant ilgalaikio šalių konkurencingumo; žiniomis grįstos ekonomikos sampratos raida, raiškos ir skvarbos vertinimu bei vertinimo modeliais. Nustatytas Lietuvos žinių raiškos vertinimas Europos Sąjungos šalių kontekste, analizuojant statistinius duomenis, sietinus su Ekonominio ir socialinio palankumo, inovacijų politikos vystymo, novatoriško verslo plėtros ir informacinių komunikacinių technologijų įtraukimu. / This master‘s final paper formulates tendencies and perspectives of knowledge based economy in science works and researches of Lithuania’s and foreign scientists. There were made the definition, analyzing the statistical data of Lithuanian knowledge in the context of European Union, associated with economic and social acceptability, innovation policy and innovative business development and involvement of information and communication technologies. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, there were made SWOT analysis of Lithuanian knowledge-based economy system and conceptualized the set of incentives of knowledge-based economy in Lithuania.

This research investigates the new psychological contract phenomenon in an organisational case study. The research question underpinning this study is - What are the core attributes of the new employment relationship? To investigate this research question, the researcher applied Noer's (1997) new employment relationship model to a disproportionate stratified sample of 19 participants from three organisational perspectives in an Australian-based international travel retail organisation, Flight Centre Limited, which specialises in the sale of discount international airfares. Data from a survey instrument were analysed using a "Multi-source Assessment" instrument. The data analysis method was used to create a schema to guide and inform a series of focus groups. The research findings validated Noer's five attributes of Flexible Employment, Customer-focus, Focus on Performance, Project-based Work and Human Spirit & Work. In addition, three other attributes of the new employment relationship emerged from the data, namely, Loyalty & Commitment, Learning & Development and Open Information. The research findings validate eight core attributes of the new employment relationship and therefore make a contribution to the expanding body of research in this field. The research approach also provides organisational practitioners with a unique consulting methodology to merge the changing needs and interests of individual and organisation.

Minerals are important natural resources and their development is a historically old, yet new, idea for creating economic prosperity in developing countries. Various researchers have evolved several arguments regarding the impact of mineral resources on development and growth, but they have yet to furnish a practical method of economic evaluation of mineral resources development. This thesis focuses on the economic impact of mineral resource development in a small developing country in the South Pacific Region, namely Fiji. Fiji has expectations and faces challenges in its natural resources development. The Namosi project, a large copper-gold mine development, has been proposed and is under consideration by the Fijian government, who is deliberating on whether mining resources should be developed as a means to add to its prosperity and economic growth or alternatively conserved from the standpoint of the environment and stability. In this study, four significant issues are analyzed viz.: 1) Whether the Namosi mine development project gives a positive net private return. 2) Whether the predicted amount of revenue flowing to the Fijian government from the Namosi mine development exceeds the estimated external cost (in this case, environmental cost) from its development. 3) The impacts of the project on various levels of the Fijian economy, and whether the mine development in Fiji results in an enclave industry; and whether mining has strong or weak backward and forward production linkages with the rest of the Fijian economy. 4) Whether “Dutch disease” will ensue from mining development in Fiji and its level of severity. Regarding issue 1) above, Private Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is conducted by applying the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method to evaluate the Namosi mining project based on financial projections. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to allow for possible variations in copper and gold prices. This analysis indicates that given the anticipated metal prices, private returns from this mining development are likely to be positive. Indeed, the current high metal prices would lead to high private returns. Regarding issue 2) above, Social Cost-Benefit Analyses are attempted. Under the given circumstances, the results show that the benefits of the mine project, as a whole for its 29-year life, substantially outweigh the environmental costs of the project to Fiji. However, due to a lack of available data on the economic magnitude of environmental spillovers, only estimates of environmental costs of the Namosi mining development could be made. Regarding issue 3) above, Input-Output model analysis is performed. Fiji’s total output (without production from the Namosi mine) is found to be F$5,529.917 million. It is estimated that the Namosi project will increase the output of Fiji directly by F$465.574 million (which includes the production inducement effect) and will result in an increase of F$543.788 million in overall Fijian output (GDP). This increase will also be followed by an increased output of about F$10-30 million in related industries, such as in the commerce, transport, and insurance sectors. Based on this Input-Output analysis, it is found that Fiji’s mining sector is an export-oriented enclave industry and that the mining industry itself has very little influence on economic activity in other sectors of the economy. Regarding issue 4) above, the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model analysis is applied. Evidence of the likely occurrence of Dutch disease can be detected from output indicators of each industry, consumer prices and exports. Examples of Dutch disease are as follows: a decrease in output of agricultural industries and in export-oriented domestic industries; an increase in consumer prices (inflation); a decrease of exports both in exportable agricultural products and in manufactured products oriented to exports. However, several macro-variables improve, such as employees’ income, trade (exports and imports), tax revenue, tariff revenue, VAT revenue, government account (savings and expenditure) and GDP etc. These results suggest that there could be a major increase in national welfare. Thus, from an economics point of view, it has been found (by comparing gains in Fijian government revenue with potential Fijian environmental costs) that it is very likely that development of the Namosi mine will result in a net social gain to Fiji. These results are based on the application of principles of social cost-benefit analysis and indicate that a Kaldor-Hicks improvement (a potential Pareto improvement) is likely for Fiji as a result of the mining development. This means that from the predicted net revenue gains of the Fijian government from mining, those who suffer environmental losses would be compensated and the government would still have some extra revenue left over. An actual Paretian improvement is also possible.

This doctoral thesis is focused on human resource development in strategy of small and medium-sized enterprises. Human resource development is conceptualized very widely in the thesis, because the thesis is concerning with issues still less frequently investigated in relation to human resource development, especially the compliance with the principle of equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination in employment relations. Traditional division into theoretical and practical part is respected in the thesis. Theoretical part contains literature review, broadly describing fundamental disciplinary knowledge, which was elaborated on the basis of long-term studying the scientific writings of many domestic and foreign authors. Theoretical part of the thesis was initial for composing the practical part of the thesis; it was used as a base for the research objectives defining (Chapter 3), served as a guideline on scientific methodology studying and subsequent appropriate methodology and methods selection (Chapter 4), which continues with three practical research topics: staff motivation, employee turnover and job satisfaction in SMEs, and discrimination at the workplace and in staffing regard to SMEs. These areas are meant to be potential barriers of human resource development, unless managed carefully with erudition. Potential occurrence of discrimination in labour law issues brings a risk of sanctions and pecuniary penalty for employers. Research questions, which were formulated according to above mentioned basis by author of this doctoral thesis in the practical part within set research topics, were tested on empirical data by way of both quantitative and qualitative research in two research samples. First of them was gained within team research project GA JU 039/2013/S (investigator doc. Ing. Darja Holátová, Ph.D.) and comprised of 295 SMEs, which were investigated through questionnaire survey; subsequently motivation, employee turnover and job satisfaction on collected data were investigated by author of doctoral thesis. The second sample was investigated by author of this thesis at her own research activity and consisted of 1600 advertisements demanding applicants for 2981 working places at 846 entities, which were announced by regional bureau of Employment Service of the Czech republic for district České Budějovice via the Integrated Portal of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech republic (2016) on the webpage portal.mpsv.cz; the prevalence of discriminatory reasons through content analysis was explored and the findings were consequently compared with the survey of the Public Defender of Rights realized in 2011. Finally, the inquiry for the participation of SMEs in announcing job advertisements where discriminatory nature could not be excluded from in studied period was carried out through selecting gender as discriminatory reason. A discovery of the range of employee benefits provided in SMEs, employee turnover rate calculated by author, additionally including voluntary departures of employees, as well as obtained findings about managers' or enterprise owners' attitudes and subjective rating of job satisfaction in studied SMEs were analysed by author of the thesis. The findings have also revealed an insufficient strategic attitude of some approached managers or enterprise owners towards making plans and setting the goals in the area of job satisfaction. Additionally, it was found that SMEs participated in announcing job advertisements where discriminatory nature could not be excluded in studied period along to the criterion of Czech Public Defender of the Rights in the issue of direct discrimination by reason of a gender. On the basis of acquired findings the conclusions and recommendations were formulated. The thesis brings theoretical, practical and pedagogical contribution. In conclusion, the objectives set in the thesis, were, in the author's opinion, accomplished.

A productive workforce is recognized as the primary resource for all organizations. Workforce training and constant retraining must be a priority. The trainers' role to add value in this process is recognised. The general aim of this research was to ascertain the correlation and difference between trainer competency and psychological optimisation. The following measurement instruments were used in the study - TCQ, POI, SOCq and SCS. This study was conducted among 57 trainers working for a large transport organisation. Through a literature survey, training and psychological optimisation were defined and a personality profile of the competent trainer integrated with that of the psychological optimal functioning individual. Through an empirical study, the correlation and difference between trainer competency and psychological optimisation were determined. Supporting evidence, although not enough, indicates a correlation between trainer competency and psychological optimisation, and a difference in psychological optimisation between the high and low trainer competency groups. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Admin. (Industrial Psychology)

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-08-26T12:45:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T12:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Medidas de espectroscopia gama de alta resolução têm diversas aplicações. Aplicações envolvendo medidas de radioisótopos de meia-vida curta podem apresentar problemas de baixa precisão nas contagens quando a fonte radioativa está distante do detector e de perda de acurácia por efeitos de tempo morto e empilhamento de pulsos em situação de altas taxas de contagens. Um modo de minimizar esses problemas é alterando a posição da fonte radioativa durante o processo de medição, aproximando-a do detector conforme sua atividade diminui e assim maximizando o número de contagens medidas. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido o Movimentador de Amostras Radioativas Automatizado (MARA), um aparato de baixo custo, feito com materiais de baixo número atômico e leve, projetado e construído para auxiliar nas medidas de espectroscopia gama, capaz de controlar a distância entre a fonte e o detector, permitindo inclusive que ocorra alteração dessa distância durante o processo de medição. Por ser automatizado ele otimiza o tempo do operador, que tem total liberdade para criar suas rotinas de medidas no dispositivo, além de evitar que o mesmo tome uma parcela da dose radioativa. Foi também feita uma interface que permite controle do MARA e a programação do sistema de aquisição de dados. Foram realizados testes para otimização da operação do sistema MARA e foi verificada a segurança de operação do MARA, não apresentando nenhuma falha durante seus testes. Foi aplicado o teste de repetitividade, por meio de medições com uma fonte calibrada de 60Co, e verificou-se que o sistema de movimentação de prateleiras automatizado reproduziu os resultados do sistema estático com confiabilidade de 95%. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T17:33:21Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T17:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O desenvolvimento de sistemas laser com pulsos ultracurtos trouxe a possibilidade de usinagem de estruturas muito pequenas em praticamente qualquer tipo de material. Neste trabalho foi dada continuidade a estudos já iniciados no Centro de Lasers e Aplicações (CLA) com os materiais dielétricos, introduzindo a largura temporal dos pulsos laser como mais uma variável e utilizando os conhecimentos adquiridos para a determinação de limiares de ablação e parâmetros de incubação em alguns metais como: aço AISI 1045, aço inoxidável VI138, cobre eletrolítico e molibdênio. A ausência de calor no processo de ablação dos metais torna-se muito difícil, pois a criação de uma camada de íons é muito prejudicada pela mobilidade eletrônica ao seu redor. Assim a ablação de metais com pulsos ultracurtos, tem como principal mecanismo a explosão de fase associada a outros processos que também contribuem na ablação, porém em menor escala, como a explosão coulombiana e a fusão ultrarrápida. Além disso, propriedades como a constante de acoplamento elétron-fônon e a condutividade térmica assumem um papel importante e devem ser levadas em conta na investigação do processo de ablação dos metais. Este trabalho possibilitou a obtenção de parâmetros de operação nos quais o calor transferido para a rede é minimizado, possibilitando a microusinagem de precisão e alterações controladas na morfologia da superfície de diversos metais. Os resultados propiciaram assim condições para novos desenvolvimentos e aplicações práticas de usinagem com pulsos ultracurtos. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-22T16:27:19Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T16:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um detector composto por um calorímetro com núcleo de água para dosimetria de feixes de 60Co e 137Cs com média intensidade. Além do calorímetro, foi também dimensionada a instrumentação, a metodologia de calibração e a medição de temperatura. O trabalho foi dividido em 4 etapas distintas: escolha do melhor projeto como base para desenvolvimento do calorímetro, dimensionamento de parâmetros e ajuste fino do projeto, construção e calibração. Durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi construída uma Unidade de Tratamento de Água que permite a produção da água que o calorímetro emprega. Em seguida foi construído o calorímetro em sí com os conceitos das etapas anteriores. O equipamento foi testado tanto nas instalações da GMR quanto no CTR do IPEN, obtendo taxas de dose na água com fontes de 137Cs e 60Co com diversas atividades (3,3 TBq, 15,54 TBq e 7 TBq) e em algumas distâncias. Foram obtidas taxas de dose que variavam de 2 mGy/s até 15 mGy/s, dependendo do tipo de fonte e SDD escolhida. O projeto contou com simulações de códigos como MCNP5 e FLUENT 14 e foram essenciais na construção do equipamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aprimorar a infraestrutura do LCI, desenvolvendo um detector que deverá aumentar a gama dos serviços prestados pelo LCI com um tipo de medição dosimétrica ainda inexistente no país. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Atravessando diferentes escalas, o diagnóstico do ambiente construído considera a floresta urbana como espaço humano de natureza integrada, enfrentando a necessidade de equacionar a capacidade reprodutora de água diante da ocupação e da expansão urbana. O presente trabalho apresenta um método desenvolvido e aplicado para avaliar as diferentes dimensões do espaço urbano, notadamente, aquelas relacionadas à interface cidade-hidroesfera de municípios e de regiões, que necessitam do gerenciamento das unidades hidrográficas. Consiste em um modelo conceitual de uma abordagem multidimensional da paisagem construída, contextualizando os principais componentes do espacial/urbano, visando a configuração adequada de zonas ecológico-econômicas. Avaliaram-se inicialmente as técnicas desenvolvidas por outros autores para a construção de um novo método. A partir das observações diretas e indiretas, dados e informações foram organizados em um banco de dados que viabilizou a leitura cruzada, pela técnica de sobreposição de mapas e imagens de satélite (LANDSAT 7ETM+), processadas para Sistema de Informação Geográfica SIG com o uso do ENVI 4.1 (Environment for Visualizing Images) acompanhado com IDL (Interactive Data Language). Do cruzamento da dimensão horizontal com a vertical, propõem-se sete passos metodológicos: identificar, conhecer, compreender, ordenar, analisar, aplicar e avaliar para a abordagem da dinâmica estrutural combinada a compatibilidade ambiental. Adotou-se a modelagem para a análise multi-espacial da cobertura da terra, analisando os componentes do espaço/território na região do Vale do Ribeira de Iguape e no município de Registro-SP. Nas diferentes escalas observadas, os resultados mostram vários Planos de Informações (Pis) de fronteiras topológicas que traduziram os padrões e processos, interligados em diferentes campos da ecologia da paisagem urbana, unindo a geografia humana, a economia do espacial hídrico e o planejamento adequado. Oito planos de informação estão correlacionados na relação população-recursos da unidade municipal conceituada como florestas coletivas, considerando a gestão urbana para as quais os recursos renováveis estão endereçados ao uso sustentável. A compreensão global da paisagem integrou imagem, formato, função, estrutura e ordem urbanas nas quais vetores socioambientais interagem, revelando três características básicas: a imagem da cidade como recurso coletivo, a dinâmica da expansão urbana e as zonas ecológico-econômicas para o desenvolvimento adequado. Ampliou-se a base teórica entre estruturas do espaço/território e a compreensão de conceitos urbanos num planejamento territorial. Recomenda-se o conhecimento multidimensional e o desenvolvimento metodológico para a ordenação do espaço urbano. / Across different scale, research has focused on the diagnosis of built environment, considered as the urban forest treated as integrated natural human space. However, susceptive to occupation and urban expansion, urban forests are generally in need of adequate management for water catchments areas capacity that is expected to provide the increasing population. A new method has been developed and applied to evaluate different dimensions of the urban space. Notable, those interrelated to the interface of the city-hydrosphere of the municipal and the regional areas where adequate management for hydrographic units is required. Initially existing technique of several author were investigated in order to construct a new method. A multi-dimensional approach towards built environment has been developed and applied for the configuration of ecologic-economic zone by the principal components of the spatial/urban. Through direct and indirect observation, data and information collected were organized as data bank of shapefiles, which was utilized in cross analysis and in the overlaying of maps and satellite images (LANDSAT ETM+). With the aid of computer system and softwares, using ENVI 4.1 (Environment for Visualizing Images) with IDL (Interactive Data Language), satellite images were processed in GIS (Geographic Information System) ambient. By linking vertical and horizontal assessments seven methodological steps proposed were determined to identify, perceive, understand, organize, analyze, apply and evaluate the structural urban components under compatible environment investigations. A dynamic model adopted has treated the multi-spatial view of Land Cover, through spatial/territorial modeling, considering the region of Vale do Ribeira and the municipal area of Registro (SP). In all scales, results has revealed both information layer based on the topological translation of urban social/natural pattern and process interconnected with subjects of urban landscape ecology; linking human geography, water environment ecology and adequate planning. Eight elements in different layers of information were correlated on the subject of population-resources of the municipal area, which was considered as collective forest. Territorial management was addressed for sustainable urban use and settings on which a global comprehension of pattern, image, function, structure and order of the special/urban has been integrated. By introducing social environmental vectors, three basic results were archived: the city image as collective resources, the dynamic expansion model and the configuration of ecologic- economic zones. The notional basis of urban space has been amplified for a comprehensive regional planning. A multi-dimensional approach has been recommended for urban landscape ecology towards environment improvement and physical space configuration.