Inledning: Relationen mellan chef och medarbetare, samt relationens funktion, har under senare år fått en allt större betydelse inom ledarskapsforskning. Hur kan anknytningsteorin användas för att öka kunskapen om chefers sätt att förhålla sig till sitt ledarskap i vår del av världen? Syftet med denna studie är att under svenska förhållanden undersöka hur anknytningsstilar fördelar sig inom en grupp chefer inom hälso- och sjukvård, samt om det finns samband mellan chefens anknytningsstil och hur chefen upplever olika relationella parametrar i ledarskapet. Frågeställningar: Hur fördelar sig anknytningsstilar inom en grupp första linjens chefer inom en svensk hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation? Finns det samband mellan anknytningsstil och hur chefen upplever olika relationella parametrar i ledarskapet? Metod: Första linjens chefer (N=40) från tio förvaltningar inom Västra Götalandsregionen fick besvara Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) och ett formulär avsett att mäta olika aspekter av deras trygghet som ledare. Resultat: Samtliga enkätsvar, 37 st. (92,5%), inkluderades i studien. Den helt dominerande anknytningsstilen var trygg anknytning (86,5%), medan fem personer (13,5%) kategoriserades som otryggt undvikande. Det fanns ett statistiskt signifikant positivt samband mellan anknytningsvariabeln Trygg och Ledarskapstrygghet, samt ett negativt signifikant samband mellan variabeln Otrygg rädd och Ledarskapstrygghet samt med delskalan Delaktighet. Chefer med otrygg undvikande anknytningsstil tenderade att uppleva en något lägre känsla av trygghet i ledarskapet än chefer med trygg anknytningsstil. Diskussion: En klar majoritet av cheferna i studien kategoriserade sig som tryggt anknutna, vilket överensstämmer med tidigare forskning. Anknytningsvariablerna Trygg jämte Otrygg rädd var de variabler som tenderade att ha de starkaste sambanden, framför allt med Ledarskapstrygghet och med delskalan Delaktighet. Resultaten får betraktas med viss försiktighet utifrån studiepopulationens storlek, homogenitet och mätinstrumentens validitet och reliabilitet. / Introduction: The relationship between leaders and employees, as well as the function of this relationship, has gained increasing importance in leadership research in recent years. How can attachment theory be used to increase knowledge of leaders' way of relating to leadership in our part of the world? The aim of this study is, under Swedish conditions, to investigate attachment styles within a group of leaders in a health care organization, and whether there are correlations between leaders’ attachment styles and how various relational parameters in leadership are experienced. Research question: How do attachment styles differ in a group of first-line managers within a Swedish health care organization? Are there correlations between attachment styles and how managers experience different relational parameters in his or her leadership? Method: First-line managers (N = 40) from ten administrations in Region Västra Götaland were asked to answer the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) and a questionnaire designed to measure sense of leadership security. Results: All survey responses, 37 pcs. (92.5%) were included in the study. The dominant attachment style was secure (86.5%), while five people (13.5%) were categorized as dismissing. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the attachment variable Secure and Leadership Security, and a negative significant relationship between the variable Fearful and Leadership Security, as well as with the subscale Participation. Leaders with dismissing attachment style tended to experience a slightly lower sense of security in his or her leadership than managers with secure attachment style. Discussion/Conclusion: A clear majority of leaders in the study categorized themselves as securely attached, consistent with previous research. Attachment variables Secure and Fearful tended to have the strongest correlations, particularly with Leadership Security and with the subscale Participation. The results must be regarded with some caution, based on the size and the homogeneity of the population studied and on validity and reliability of the questionnaires.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-06T16:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza Leal.pdf: 116273125 bytes, checksum: 5e247a988672d255dad21fa0aedcc5da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-06T16:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza Leal.pdf: 116273125 bytes, checksum: 5e247a988672d255dad21fa0aedcc5da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) who receive treatment with Imatib mesylate (IM) is extremely important, because it enables the evaluation of the response to the treatment and the early diagnosis of possible recurrences. The objective of this study was to standardize molecular methods used in order to monitor MRD in patients with CML, on therapy with IM. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 11 patients diagnosed with CML in October 2012 to September 2013, in the Department of Hematology of Hospital Araújo Jorge of the Association to Combat Cancer in Goiás. Three months after starting treatment, patients underwent a new peripheral blood collection for evaluation of MRD. Detecting bcr-abl transcripts and endogenous controls (abl and β2m) employed reverse transcription methods associated with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while quantification of bcr-abl transcripts was achieved by using reverse transcription associated with real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) and Taqman probes. Specific oligonucleotides and probes recognizing e13a2 and e14a2 junctions of bcr-abl transcripts and to the abl endogenous control were used in this study. By the time of diagnosis, three patients (27.3%) expressed the b2a2 transcript, five patients (45.5%) expressed the b3a2 transcript, two patients (18.2%) expressed both transcripts and one patient (9%) did not express any of the transcripts. The endogenous controls analysis resulted in better amplification for the abl transcript, which was used in the RQ-PCR reactions. The assessment of DRM was possible in only eight patients, due to the loss of follow-up. Three months after starting treatment with IM, all patients presented complete hematologic response. However, only one patient (12.5%) presented the undetectable transcript, reaching the full molecular response, while the other seven patients (87.95%) presented MRD. One (12.5%) of the seven patients who presented MRD, reached complete molecular response, while six patients (75%) presented a reduction of two logs, achieving minor molecular response, and one patient (12.5%) presented only partial molecular response. By using molecular biology methods, our results have enabled the standardization and the establishment of a laboratory routine, according to the international guidelines, for monitoring MRD in patients with CML. / O monitoramento de doença residual mínima (DRM) em pacientes com leucemia meilóide crônica (LMC) que recebem tratamento com mesilato de imatibe (MI) é extremamente relevante, pois possibilita o acompanhamento da resposta e o diagnóstico precoce de eventuais recidivas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar métodos moleculares utilizados na avaliação de DRM em pacientes com LMC, em tratamento com MI. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 11 pacientes diagnosticados com LMC, no período de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, no Setor de Hematologia do Hospital Araújo Jorge da Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás. Três meses após o início do tratamento, os pacientes foram submetidos a uma nova coleta de sangue periférico para avaliação de DRM. A detecção dos transcritos bcr-abl e controles endógenos (abl e β2m) empregaram os métodos de transcrição reversa associados à reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR), enquanto a quantificação dos transcritos bcr-abl foi feita por meio de transcrição reversa associada à PCR em tempo real (RQ-PCR), utilizando a metodologia de sondas de hidrólise (TaqMan). Oligonucleotídeos e sondas Taqman específicos para as junções e13a2 e e14a2 dos transcritos bcr-abl e para o controle endógeno (abl) foram usados neste estudo. Ao diagnóstico, três pacientes (27,3%) expressaram o transcrito b2a2, cinco pacientes (45,5%) o transcrito b3a2, dois pacientes (18,2%) expressaram ambos os transcritos e um paciente (9%) não expressou nenhum dos transcritos. A amplificação dos controles endógenos resultou em melhor amplificação para o transcrito abl, que foi usado nas reações de RQ-PCR. A avaliação de DRM foi possível em oito pacientes, devido à perda de seguimento dos demais. Três meses após o início do tratamento com MI, todos os pacientes apresentaram resposta hematológica completa. No entanto, apenas um paciente (12,5%) apresentou o transcrito bcr-abl indetectável, alcançando a reposta molecular completa, enquanto os outros sete pacientes (87,95%) apresentaram DRM. Dentre os sete pacientes que apresentaram DRM, seis (75%) apresentaram redução de um a dois logs, alcançando resposta molecular menor, enquanto um (12,5%) apresentou resposta molecular parcial. Nossos resultados possibilitaram a padronização e o estabelecimento de uma rotina segundo as diretrizes internacionais, para monitoramento da DRM em pacientes com LMC, utilizando métodos de biologia molecular.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAIO BRUNO QUINTA DE SOUZA LEAL - PARTE 1.pdf: 34304765 bytes, checksum: 476dda15021939ae8be633403ae9dabe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) who receive treatment with Imatib mesylate (IM) is extremely important, because it enables the evaluation of the response to the treatment and the early diagnosis of possible recurrences. The objective of this study was to standardize molecular methods used in order to monitor MRD in patients with CML, on therapy with IM. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 11 patients diagnosed with CML in October 2012 to September 2013, in the Department of Hematology of Hospital Araújo Jorge of the Association to Combat Cancer in Goiás. Three months after starting treatment, patients underwent a new peripheral blood collection for evaluation of MRD. Detecting bcr-abl transcripts and endogenous controls (abl and β2m) employed reverse transcription methods associated with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while quantification of bcr-abl transcripts was achieved by using reverse transcription associated with real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) and Taqman probes. Specific oligonucleotides and probes recognizing e13a2 and e14a2 junctions of bcr-abl transcripts and to the abl endogenous control were used in this study. By the time of diagnosis, three patients (27.3%) expressed the b2a2 transcript, five patients (45.5%) expressed the b3a2 transcript, two patients (18.2%) expressed both transcripts and one patient (9%) did not express any of the transcripts. The endogenous controls analysis resulted in better amplification for the abl transcript, which was used in the RQ-PCR reactions. The assessment of DRM was possible in only eight patients, due to the loss of follow-up. Three months after starting treatment with IM, all patients presented complete hematologic response. However, only one patient (12.5%) presented the undetectable transcript, reaching the full molecular response, while the other seven patients (87.95%) presented MRD. One (12.5%) of the seven patients who presented MRD, reached complete molecular response, while six patients (75%) presented a reduction of two logs, achieving minor molecular response, and one patient (12.5%) presented only partial molecular response. By using molecular biology methods, our results have enabled the standardization and the establishment of a laboratory routine, according to the international guidelines, for monitoring MRD in patients with CML. / O monitoramento de doença residual mínima (DRM) em pacientes com leucemia meilóide crônica (LMC) que recebem tratamento com mesilato de imatibe (MI) é extremamente relevante, pois possibilita o acompanhamento da resposta e o diagnóstico precoce de eventuais recidivas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar métodos moleculares utilizados na avaliação de DRM em pacientes com LMC, em tratamento com MI. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 11 pacientes diagnosticados com LMC, no período de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, no Setor de Hematologia do Hospital Araújo Jorge da Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás. Três meses após o início do tratamento, os pacientes foram submetidos a uma nova coleta de sangue periférico para avaliação de DRM. A detecção dos transcritos bcr-abl e controles endógenos (abl e β2m) empregaram os métodos de transcrição reversa associados à reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR), enquanto a quantificação dos transcritos bcr-abl foi feita por meio de transcrição reversa associada à PCR em tempo real (RQ-PCR), utilizando a metodologia de sondas de hidrólise (TaqMan). Oligonucleotídeos e sondas Taqman específicos para as junções e13a2 e e14a2 dos transcritos bcr-abl e para o controle endógeno (abl) foram usados neste estudo. Ao diagnóstico, três pacientes (27,3%) expressaram o transcrito b2a2, cinco pacientes (45,5%) o transcrito b3a2, dois pacientes (18,2%) expressaram ambos os transcritos e um paciente (9%) não expressou nenhum dos transcritos. A amplificação dos controles endógenos resultou em melhor amplificação para o transcrito abl, que foi usado nas reações de RQ-PCR. A avaliação de DRM foi possível em oito pacientes, devido à perda de seguimento dos demais. Três meses após o início do tratamento com MI, todos os pacientes apresentaram resposta hematológica completa. No entanto, apenas um paciente (12,5%) apresentou o transcrito bcr-abl indetectável, alcançando a reposta molecular completa, enquanto os outros sete pacientes (87,95%) apresentaram DRM. Dentre os sete pacientes que apresentaram DRM, seis (75%) apresentaram redução de um a dois logs, alcançando resposta molecular menor, enquanto um (12,5%) apresentou resposta molecular parcial. Nossos resultados possibilitaram a padronização e o estabelecimento de uma rotina segundo as diretrizes internacionais, para monitoramento da DRM em pacientes com LMC, utilizando métodos de biologia molecular

Die Grenzen von Ressourcenabbau reichen tausende Meter über und unter die Erde. Dabei verfestigt und vertieft die Beschleunigung des Extraktivismus ungleiche Entwicklung und Ungerechtigkeiten auf der Welt. In Zentralasien bleiben Konflikte um Sozionatur in der kritischen Forschung zu Ressourcenextraktivismus und Widerstand jedoch weitgehend unterbeleuchtet. Diese Doktorarbeit leistet einen Beitrag zu der Ausweitung des Goldbergbaus in Kirgisistan und trägt zu einem räumlich umgearbeiteten, historisierenden und politisch sensiblen Verständnis des sich global ausweitenden Ressourcenextraktivismus bei. Die Arbeit präsentiert eine situierte Darstellung der multiskalaren Prozesse und Praktiken innerhalb und zwischen drei Standorten, die Kirgisistans Goldrausch ab/schaffen: die Hauptstadt Bischkek, das politische- und Verwaltungszentrum für mineralische Rohstoffe; Orlovka, ein Fall von angeblicher Kooperation; und Maidan, ein Fall von sich lange hinziehenden Auseinandersetzungen. Durch einen interdisziplinären Forschungsprozess entwickelt die Doktorarbeit einen relationalen soziomaterialen Ansatz zur Erforschung von multiskalaren extraktiven Verschränkungen der materiellen Dimensionen von Gold, seinen unterschiedlichen Bewertungen und seiner Governance. Sie mobilisiert die interdisziplinäre soziomateriale Analytik, durch ein multimethoden- Forschungsdesign, welche die miteinander verflochtenen strukturellen und historisch-geographischen Bedingungen offenbart. Dabei werden Konvergenzen im wachsenden geerdeten politischen Aktivismus gegen die globalen Strukturen des Extraktivismus, der die pluriversalen Wege zum Wohlbefinden aufkündigt zu Tage gefördert. Diese Doktorarbeit zeigt konsequent den Wert von disziplinärem und methodischem Pluralismus bei der empirischen Erforschung zum Zusammenspiel gegenseitig konstituierender Strukturen als auch von verorteter mehr-als-menschlicher Autonomie, die dem Schaffen und Abschaffen von Ressourcen und Ressourcengrenzen zugrunde liegen. / Resource frontiers extend to thousands of meters below and above the soil in pursuit of progress. Accelerating extractivism in fact entrenches uneven development and injustices across the globe. Yet, our age is not only hyper-extractive, it is also resistant: multifarious communities stand up against incessant extractivism. Socionatural struggles in Central Asia however remain unexplored in critical research on resource extractivism and resistance. Focusing on expanding gold mining in Kyrgyzstan, the given thesis contributes to spatially reworked, historicising and politically sensitive understandings of globally advancing resource extractivism. The thesis presents a grounded account of the multi-scalar processes and practices within and between three sites un/making Kyrgyzstan’s gold rush: the capital Bishkek, the centre of mineral governance; Orlovka, an alleged case of cooperation; and Maidan, a protracted case of contestation. Within an interdisciplinary research process, the thesis advances a relational sociomaterial approach for engaging the multi-scalar extractive entanglements of gold’s material dimensions, its different valuations, and its governance. Mobilising the interdisciplinary sociomaterial analytic through a multi-method research design reveals the intertwined structural and historico-geographical conditions that enact gold mining in Kyrgyzstan in an extractive state order while motivating ordinary citizens’ resistance to this order based on its emergent sociomaterialities. Unpacking embodied complexities in Orlovka and Maidan unearths convergences in surging grounded political activism against the global structures of extractivism that forecloses pluriversal paths to well-being. This thesis demonstrates the value of disciplinary and methodological pluralism in rendering visible the interplay of mutually constitutive structures and situated more-than-human agency that undergirds the making and unmaking of resources and resource frontiers.

The competitive market of today is characterized by globalization, increased demands from customers and similarities of products and services. High demands are thus put on organizations ability of differentiating themselves from competitors acting on the same market. Within this area, the customer relationship itself has turned out being an efficient tool. In addition, a high quality customer relationship is considered as an important factor when creating loyal customers, growth, profitability and competitive advantages. In order to reach high quality customer relationships, an ability of identifying and validate actions aimed for relationship quality improvements is needed as well as clear guidelines and managerial support regarding creation of value adding activities supporting such process. This thesis is supposed to, by the creation of a model, make improvement processes of customer perceived relationship quality in a B2B context possible. The model consists of actions and tools aimed for measurement of customer perceived relationship quality and identification of value adding activities from a customer perspective. The developed model is encapsulated by three steps, take-off, investigation and action/evaluation. The developed model was tested in a case study and it turned out to be practically applicable. It had a positive effect on the customer perceived relationship quality and additionally on the dyad´s transaction costs. / Dagens konkurrensutsatta marknad karaktäriseras av globalisering, ökade kundkrav och likheter mellan aktörers produkter och tjänster. Stora krav ställs således på företags förmåga att differentiera sig själva gentemot konkurrenter på samma marknad. Inom detta område har själva kundrelationen och dess kvalité visat sig vara ett effektivt verktyg. En högkvalitativ kundrelation anses vara en viktig faktor i skapandet av lojala kunder, tillväxt, lönsamhet samt konkurrensfördelar. För att driva en organisation i en riktning mot högkvalitativa kundrelationer krävs förmågan att identifiera och validera förbättringsåtgärder samt tydliga riktlinjer för skapande av värdeskapande aktiviteter i ett sådant syfte. Den här rapporten syftar till att genom skapandet av en modell, möjliggöra mätning av den kunduppfattade relationskvalitén samt genomföra förbättringsprocesser av den kunduppfattade relationskvalitén via identifiering av värdeskapande aktiviteter utifrån ett kundperspektiv. Tillvägagångssättet är uppdelat i tre steg med en förberedande fas, följt av en undersöknings samt en implementering/utvärderings – fas. Dess praktiska relevans är testad genom en fallstudie där processen visade sig vara tillämpbar. Vid modellens test visade den sig ha positiv effekt på den kundupplevda relationskvalitén samt även relationens transaktionskostnader.

Wälder stellen wichtige Ökosystemleistungen und -güter bereit und tragen damit maßgeblich zur Lebensgrundlage der Menschen bei. Sie unterliegen jedoch vielseitigen Bedrohungen, welche die volle Funktionsfähigkeit des Ökosystems gefährden und deren Entwicklung beeinträchtigen. Inwiefern sich diese auf die Funktionsweise und die Walddynamik in Kasachstan äußert, ist aufgrund der wenigen durchgeführten dendroklimatischen Untersuchungen im Detail unklar. Hinzu kommt, dass für die qualitative Bewertung der Klima-Wachstums-Beziehungen diese Studien in ihrer räumlichen und zeitlichen Abdeckung unzureichend sind. Zu den bereits verfügbaren Informationen fehlen zur Einschätzung gemeinsamer Muster und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Reaktion des Baumwachstums auf das Klima qualitative Analysen. Hierfür wurden alle verfügbaren Publikationen zu den dendroklimatischen Untersuchungen in Kasachstan analysiert. Diese Analyse ermöglichte nicht nur die Zusammenfassung der verfügbaren Informationen zu den Beziehungen zwischen Klima und Wachstum, sondern lieferte zudem konkrete Informationen zu vorhandenen Forschungslücken. Einige dieser Lücken wurden durch die Untersuchungen der variierenden Klima-Wachstums-Beziehungen der Schrenks Fichte im Einzugsgebiet des Ile-Flusses geschlossen. Die durchgeführte Studie verdeutlicht unterschiedliche Reaktion von Früh-, Spätholz und Gesamtringbreite auf den Klimawandel. Der starke Einfluss des Klimawandels wurde durch die Abnahme des Temperatursignals um die 1970er-Jahre beobachtet. Eine erkennbare Periodizität bei Schwankungen der Baumringindizes lässt auf einen Einfluss bestimmter Klimaindizes, z. B. der Nordatlantischen Oszillation u. a. schließen. Die im Rahmen dieser Dissertation durchgeführten Untersuchungen tragen zur Entwicklung eines Baumring-Netzwerkes in Kasachstan bei. Die erhoben Daten sind für die Bewertung möglicher Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Wälder der Schrenks Fichte in Kasachstan hilfreich. / Forests are very important for people’s livelihood. They provide important ecosystem services and goods. However there are many threats that interfere with the normal functioning and development of forest ecosystems. The influence of climate change processes on functioning and dynamics of forests in Kazakhstan is understudied, and is observed in the relatively small number of dendroclimatic studies. Additional limitations in understanding of climate-growth relationships arise from insufficient spatial and temporal coverage of those studies and the absence of a qualitative analysis of already available information for identification of common patterns and differences in the impacts of tree growth on climate. The main research goal of this thesis was accordingly to address these limitations. An analysis of all available publications on dendroclimatic studies in Kazakhstan was performed. This analysis not only summarized the available information on climate-growth relationships, but also provided certain information about existed research gaps. Some of those gaps were addressed by an investigation of variation of climate-growth relationships of Schrenk spruce in the Ile River basin. The study revealed certain differences in reaction of earlywood, latewood and total ring width on climate in four mountain ranges of the Ile River basin. The strong influence of climate change was observed in a decreasing temperature signal around the 1970s. Revealed periodicities in the fluctuation of tree-ring indices suggested an influence of certain climate indices such as North Atlantic Oscillation and the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillations. Collectively, the analysis in this dissertation contributes to development of the tree-ting network of Kazakhstan. Obtained information should help in assessment of possible impacts of climate change on Schrenk spruce forests in Kazakhstan.

Weltweit sind viele Populationen großer Raubtiere bedroht. Die Suche nach Wegen zur Erhaltung und Wiederherstellung von Populationen großer Raubtiere ist daher ein zentrales Naturschutzziel. In einigen Regionen erholen sich die Populationen jedoch auch, was der Wissenschaft eine hervorragende Möglichkeit bietet potentielle Wege zum Schutz von Raubtieren zu identifizieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Voraussetzungen, die eine Erholung von Raubtierpopulationen begünstigen, besser zu verstehen. Am Beispiel der sich erholenden Population des Persischen Leoparden im Kaukasus beantwortet diese Arbeit die folgenden Forschungsfragen: (1) Bietet die Ökoregion des Kaukasus einen geeigneten, sicheren und zusammenhängenden Lebensraum für Persische Leoparden und ihre Beutetiere? (2) Was sind wirksame Schutzstrategien, die eine Erholung der Population des Persischen Leoparden im Kaukasus begünstigen? Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lassen den Schluss zu, dass für Leoparden und ihre Beutetiere im Kaukasus großflächig geeigneter Lebensraum vorhanden ist. Trotz dieser günstigen Ausgangsposition für den Artenschutz zeigt diese Arbeit jedoch auch klar auf, dass Schutzmaßnahmen erforderlich sind, um direkte Bedrohungen abzumildern. Als wichtigsten Faktor für eine Erholung der Leopardenpopulation identifiziert diese Arbeit das Verhindern von Tötungen. Diese Arbeit verdeutlicht somit die wichtige Rolle von Konfliktminderung zwischen Menschen und Raubtieren, um die daraus resultierende Tötung von Raubtieren zu verhindern. Darüber hinaus unterstreicht diese Dissertation die Notwendigkeit der Vernetzung sicherer Lebensräume und den Wert von internationaler Zusammenarbeit zur Förderung der Genesung von Populationen großer Raubtiere. Zusammengefasst liefert diese Arbeit Einblicke in Bedingungen, die die Genesung von Großraubtieren fördern, und umreißt mögliche zukünftige Wege eines vom Aussterben bedrohten Raubtiers in einem globalen Biodiversitäts-Hotspot. / Large carnivore populations are threatened globally. This is worrisome because of their intrinsic value and their importance for ecosystems and humans. Finding ways to maintain and restore large carnivore populations is therefore a central goal for conservation. Interestingly, large carnivores are also returning to areas where they were extirpated before, which provides a great opportunity for conservation science to identify pathways to safeguard large carnivore populations. The overall goal of this thesis was to better understand the conditions that foster large carnivore recoveries. Gaining a better understanding of large carnivore recoveries is challenging though, because it requires working across broad areas, where data on environmental characteristics and prey species is often limited and inconsistent. Using the Persian leopard recovery in the Caucasus ecoregion as an example, the specific research questions of this thesis were: (1) Does the Caucasus ecoregion have suitable, safe, and connected habitat for Persian leopards and their prey? (2) What are effective management strategies to foster the recovery of Persian leopards in the Caucasus? Results revealed that suitable habitat for Persian leopards and their prey is widespread in the Caucasus. However, habitat patches are often not safe and conservation efforts are needed to mitigate threats and restore, protect, and connect populations of leopards and their prey. Reducing the persecution of leopards seems the most important strategy to foster leopard recovery in the Caucasus. For large carnivore recoveries in general, this thesis underpins the importance of human-carnivore conflict mitigation to prevent killings of carnivores, particularly in areas where populations are small. Further, this thesis underlines the need of improving connectivity among safe habitat patches and the value of international cooperation. Overall, this thesis provides insights into conditions that foster large carnivore recovery and outlines potential future pathways for a critically endangered apex predator in a global biodiversity hotspot.

No description available.

Le 10ème problème de Hilbert, consistant à trouver les solutions entières d'équations polynomiales est un problème crucial en cryptanalyse. Si ce dernier a été prouvé indécidable, Coppersmith publia en 1996 une méthode basée sur la réduction de réseaux permettant de trouver efficacement l'ensemble des petites solutions de certaines équations polynomiales. De nombreuses applications de cette méthode ont vu le jour dans le domaine de la cryptanalyse à clé publique, notamment lorsque le cryptosystème est exécuté sur un système embarqué et qu'une partie de la clé secrète est dévoilée par la réalisation d'attaques physiques sur le dispositif. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une attaque physique sur le schéma de signature RSA en mode CRT où une application de la méthode de Coppersmith permet de compléter l'information obtenue par l'attaque physique. Nous proposons également un nouvel algorithme déterministe basé sur la méthode de Coppersmith pour factoriser les entiers de la forme $N=p^rq^s$ en temps polynomial lorsque $r$ ou $s$ sont suffisamment grands. Enfin, si les applications de la méthode de Coppersmith sont nombreuses, en pratique, du fait que les réseaux à réduire soient gigantesques, les petites solutions ne peuvent être retrouvées que jusqu'à une borne qui est plus petite que la borne théorique annoncée. Aussi, une autre contribution de cette thèse consiste en la proposition de deux méthodes permettant une accélération du temps d'exécution de l'algorithme de Coppersmith. Lorsque les deux méthodes sont combinées, le nouvel algorithme s'effectue des centaines de fois plus rapidement pour des paramètres typiques, permettant ainsi dans de nombreux cas d'atteindre la borne théorique. / The 10th Hilbert problem, which consists in finding integer solutions to polynomial equations is a crucial problem in cryptanalysis, which has been proven to be undecidable. However, Coppersmith published in 1996 a method based on lattice reduction, which allows to efficiently find all small solutions to some polynomial equations. Many applications of this method have risen in public key cryptanalysis, especially when the cryptosystem is executed on embedded systems and part of the secret key is revealed through physical attacks performed on the device. In this context, we propose in this thesis a physical attack on the RSA signature scheme when the CRT mode is used, where an application of Coppersmith's method allows to complete the information previously obtained by the physical attack. We also propose a new deterministic algorithm based on Coppersmith's method for factoring integers of the form $N=p^rq^s$ in polynomial time, under the condition that $r$ and/or $s$ are sufficiently large.Finally, if the applications of Coppersmith's method are numerous, in practice, since the lattices to be reduced are huge, the small solutions can only be recovered until a bound which is smaller than the enounced theoretical bound. Thus, another contribution of this thesis lies in the proposition of two methods which allow to speed up the execution time of Coppersmith's algorithm. When both speedups are combined, the new algorithm performs hundreds of times faster for typical parameters, which allows to reach the theoretical bound in many cases.

Die Biodiversitätskrise des Anthropozäns wird vor allem durch vom Menschen bedingte Umweltveränderungen verursacht. Naturschutzgebiete sind ein globaler Eckpfeiler des Umweltschutzes und besonders wichtig für den Erhalt von Großsäugern. Fortschreitender menschlicher Einfluss sowie zunehmender Verlust und die Zerteilung von Lebensräumen innerhalb und außerhalb von Naturschutzgebieten beeinflussen deren Effektivität und Wert für den Umweltschutz stark, besonders in Zeiten sozioökonomischer und institutioneller Schocks mit reduzierten Ressourcen für den Umweltschutz. Der Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion im Jahr 1991 war solch ein Schock und das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es, besser zu verstehen, wie dieser Schock die Landnutzung, die Effektivität von Naturschutzgebieten und die Populationsdynamik von Wildtieren beeinflusst hat. Der europäische Teil Russlands bot sich deshalb als Untersuchungsgebiet an, da es eine vom Menschen stark beeinflusste Region ist, welche Lebensraum für Großsäuger aufweist sowie ein Netzwerk von Naturschutzgebieten besitzt, die über Langzeitdaten zur Biodiversität verfügen. Diese Doktorarbeit verwendete umfassende Datensätze und interdisziplinäre Ansätze, um die Veränderungen in Landnutzung, Jagddruck, Naturschutzgebieten, Lebensräumen und Populationsdynamiken von Wildtieren in post-sowjetischer Zeit zu beobachten und auszuwerten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der sozioökonomische und institutionelle Schock nach 1991 einen verringerten Landnutzungsdruck zur Folge hatte, bedingt durch die weit verbreitete Aufgabe von Landwirtschaft und generell abnehmende Raten von Waldeinschlag. Naturschutzgebiete spielten eine wichtige Rolle beim Schutz der Biodiversität und profitierten von vergrößerten Lebensräumen für Großsäuger. Wildtierpopulationsdynamiken waren in post-sowjetischer Zeit wesentlich beeinflusst von Landnutzungswandel und Jagddruck. Diese Forschungsergebnisse leisten einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Unterstützung des Biodiversitätsmonitorings. / The biodiversity crisis of the Anthropocene era is mainly caused by human-induced environmental changes such as land-use change and the overexploitation of wildlife. Protected areas are a cornerstone of the global conservation efforts and particularly important for preserving large mammals. Increasing human impact and continued loss and fragmentation of wildlife habitats inside and outside protected areas strongly affect their effectiveness and conservation value, especially during times of socio-economic and institutional shocks with reduced resources for nature conservation. The breakdown of the Soviet Union in 1991 was such a shock and the overall aim of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of how this shock affected land use, protected area effectiveness, and wildlife dynamics in European Russia. European Russia served as a representative area for such a study as it is a human-dominated region, which harbors large mammal species and a long-established network of scientific protected areas providing long-term biodiversity data. The overall aim of this thesis was assessed by using a broad range of data and interdisciplinary approaches to monitor and evaluate changes in land use and hunting pressure, protected areas, wildlife habitats, and species population dynamics in post-Soviet times. The results of this thesis revealed that the socio-economic and institutional shock after 1991 resulted in reduced land-use pressure due to widespread farmland abandonment and overall lowered rates of forest logging in European Russia. Protected areas played an important role in halting threats to biodiversity and benefitted from increased large mammals’ habitat within their zone of interaction. Wildlife dynamics were significantly affected by land-use change and hunting pressure in post-Soviet times. The findings of this thesis provide a valuable contribution to support biodiversity monitoring and overcome knowledge gaps on biodiversity conservation.