No description available.

No description available.

Detta är en fallstudie där två olika Laserskannrar jämförs. Dessa skannrar skiljer sig då de använder två skilda metoder för punktmolnsregistrering. Dessa två metoder är: SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) -baserad punktmolnsregistrering och punktmolnsregistrering med den indirekta två-stegs-metoden. Målet med projektet var således att granska den statiska SLAM-baserade skannern Leica RTC 360 3D och jämföra den med den mer traditionsenliga terrestra laserskannern Leica Scanstation P40. Denna undersökning är relevant eftersom det finns en tydlig skillnad mellan dessa laserskannrar både ur en planerings- och en effektivitetssynpunkt. Den statiska SLAM skannern RTC 360 har möjligheten att vara väldigt tidseffektiv då den använder sig av SLAM algoritmen VIS (Visual Inertial System) för punkmolnsregistrering i fält, samt att skannern använder en IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) som möjliggör skanningar med hög kvalitet utan att instrumentet är ordentligt horisonterat. Vilket är en förutsättning för att kunna genomföra en skanning med P40. Punktmolnen från dessa två laserskannrar jämförs med varandra och granskas visuellt för att analysera vilka skillnader som finns mellan dem. Samma punktäthet används och skanningarna genomförs från samma positioner med båda instrumenten. Utöver detta görs en statistisk undersökning med hjälp av kontrollpunkter och RMS-värden beräknas med hjälp av dessa. För att tillåta denna statistiska analys, georefererades båda punktmolnen med indirekt georeferering till referenssystemet SWEREF 99 16 30 i plan samt RH 2000 i höjd. Just denna process var något enklare att genomföra med P40 än med RTC 360. Då P40 data var något bättre anpassat för bearbetning i Leica Cyclone. Vilket var de program som främst användes för bearbetning av data. RTC 360 använder två pulser för att skanna in varje punkt, vilket resulterade i att den skannade in något fler punkter. Framförallt märktes denna funktion på områden som traditionellt är svåra att skanna med en laserskanner, främst blanka, svarta områden. Det visade sig av kontrollpunkterna att det fanns en liten variation mellan punktmolnenskvalitet där lasersdata från P40 höll 1–2 millimeters kvalitet. Ur detta resultat kunde slutsatsen dras att Leica Scanstation P40 är något bättre för geodetiska ändamål med mycket höga krav på georefereringen. I det flesta andra sammanhang är RTC 360 att rekommendera. Leicas RTC 360 är ett bra exempel på hur SLAM-algoritmen kan användas för att förenkla många laserskanningsprojekt. Även i de projekten med höga krav på detaljrikedom. / This is a case study which aims to compare two different laser scanners. The main difference between these two scanners is that they use different solutions for registration of point clouds. These two solutions are SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) as well as the indirect two-step approach. The thesis aims at comparing the static SLAM-based scanner Leica RTC 360 with the more traditional scanner Leica Scanstation P40. This is a relevant study due to the big differences between these two scanners, in the aspect of both how much preparation that is need and how effective both scanners are. The static SLAM scanner RTC 360 has the possibility to be very time efficient due to use of the SLAM-algorithm called VIS (Visual Inertial System) that are used for alignment of different point clouds as early as in the fieldwork. The RTC 360 also uses an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) that allows the laser scanner to do complete and detailed scans without the need to be perfectly levelled. The P40 on the other hand do need to be precisely levelled to be able to complete a scan. The point clouds from these two laser scanners are compared with each other by reviewing the visual features of the two clouds and finding differences between the point clouds. The same point density was used in both clouds and the scans took place from the same positions with both scanners. A statistical comparison was also made. This statistical analysis was made with use of control points and RMS values that were established with the help of these. This statistical analysis was made possible by the fact that both point clouds were georeferenced to the reference system SWEREF 99 16 30 as well the system RH 2000 for height. This process of georeferencing both clouds was easier to perform with the P40 than the RTC 360. Because the laser data from P40 were slightly better suited for the program Leica Cyclone, which were the program that was used for most of the data processing. RTC 360 uses two individual laser-pulses for each scanned point. This resulted in that the RTC 360 scanned some more points compared to the P40. This difference was extra noticeable on surfaces that usually are difficult for laser scanners to scan, such as plain, black surfaces. The control points showed that quality of both point clouds was very similar to each other. The P40 showed slightly higher accuracy, about 1-2millimeter, relative to the RTC 360 scanner. This resulted in the conclusion that P40 were slightly better for geodic purposes with very high demands on the georeferencing. In most of the other cases RTC 360 is the recommended scanner. Leica RTC 360 is a good example of how the SLAM-algorithm can be used to make many laser scanning projects easier and more efficient.

none

The use of real-time control (RTC) as an adaptation technique for improving existing stormwater systems has been gaining attention in recent years for its ability to enhance water quality and quantity treatment. A case study RTC retrofit of seven existing detention basins was simulated for a small (162 ha), urbanized watershed in Blacksburg, VA. Two heuristic, reactive control algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to improve hydraulic conditions at each detention basin and the watershed outlet through manipulation of an actuated valve, under various permutations of RTC retrofitting (single facility, multiple facilities, etc.). Change in peak flow during 24-hour design storms was assessed. RTC only reduced peak flows at some of the facilities for storms with a return period of 2 years or less. For larger storms, RTC maintained or increased peak flow rates. During a 15-year simulation with historic precipitation data, total duration of erosive flows was reduced for most facility retrofit simulations; however, the duration of high intensity flows increased, or remained unchanged. This result was also reflected at the watershed outlet. / Master of Science / Stormwater management helps protect natural waterways from the harmful impacts of human development. A growing field of research is investigating the potential for “smart” technologies to improve the efficiency of existing stormwater facilities. This study investigates the application of a “smart” stormwater retrofit, known as real-time control (RTC), to existing stormwater management facilities located in a small case study watershed. The RTC system is composed of hypothetical internet-connected sensors and control valves which control flows at several points within the test watershed. Two control algorithms were tested, and compared to the current conditions (scenario with no RTC), for a large range of storm events. Results of this study found that RTC would lead to improved stream health for most rainfall events, but could potentially worsen conditions for the largest, most rare storm events. In addition, RTC was found to be much more effective at some points in the watershed than other points. Prediction of where RTC will be most effective should be the focus of future research.

Den här rapporten är en utredning och analys av lämpliga arbetsuppgifter och deras nödvändiga verktyg och hjälpmedel för en skiftledare, Watch Supervisor, vid ett framtida center för fjärrstyrda flygledningstorn, Remote Tower. Ett center för fjärrstyrda flygledningstorn är en centraliserad enhet med uppgiften att flygleda och kontrollera flygsäkerheten på och nära en eller flera flygplatser. Utgångspunkten för datainsamlingen har varit intervjuer med verksamma flygledare och skiftledare på LFV, Sveriges statliga verk för flygtrafiktjänst. Studiebesök har även gjorts vid olika enheter, både flygledartorn och radarkontrollcentraler, däribland Sundsvall RTC som är världens första central för fjärrstyrd flygledning godkänd att sättas i drift. Insamlad data har kompilerats och analyserats och en rekommendation presenteras i slutet av denna rapport angående arbetsuppgifter och verktyg för ovan nämnda skiftledare i ett RTC. Resultatet visar att rollen kommer ha stora likheter med befintliga skiftledarpositioner i den svenska flygledningen.

This thesis presents the design and construction of microcontroller based laboratory kit. Hardware part describes the wiring of microcontroller based laboratory kit. Software section describes the function of each program.

Title: Representation of selected general and specific training indicators in ATC in a selected floorball team. Objectives: Performing a literature review, focusing especially of foreign scientific articles regarding the characteristics of floorball and related fitness training. Monitoring the representation of fitness training in a selected extra-league men's team during all training periods of a chosen annual training cycle (2014/2015) using the newly introduced XPS network software. Methods: Upon completion of the literature review, research was performed by conducting the content analysis of training documents kept during the 2014/2015 annual training cycle ("ATC"). The newly created software was part of the analysis. The software was distributed for the needs of floorball practice. In order to evaluate general categories and specific training indicators, natural selection was employed. Comparison was used to assess selected indicators. In addition, physical fitness was evaluated using selected UNIFITTEST 6 - 60 tests (Měkota, Kovář, 1996); however, this type of assessment does not belong to core of this paper. Results: The results suggest that sports performance is affected, to a degree, by general training indicators such as the number of days or the total of training time. However, the most...

On étudie la conception de la commande décentralisée d'un autocommutateur de capacité quatre fois supérieure à celle du système E10, conçu précédemment par le CNET. On étudie la place d'une telle étude par rapport aux autres commandes d'autocommutateurs existantes. On décrit la structure retenue, l'interface fonctionnelle, son évaluation et l'organisation du logiciel.

Today, many small aerodromes have a hard time surviving economically, and amongst the largest cost is air traffic control. Airlines are cutting costs where they can, and many times this affects the aerodromes as well, e.g. when airlines decide to park remotely instead of at the gate. The project called Remotely Operated Towers, initiated by SESAR and run by Saab and LFV, is aiming to address this problem. The project revolves around remotely providing ATS to aerodromes where it is deemed suitable. A big challenge in this project is how to assign aerodromes to remote tower modules in the remote control centre. There are many ways to do this, but there is only a few ways to do it to achieve the least amount of modules. This thesis aims to find an optimal solution to the challenge mentioned above. The thesis resulted in a model where the user can provide the input of choice, i.e. aerodromes with associated ATS operating hours and movements, for a specific period – and receive the assignment schedule for the modules, saying exactly which aerodrome are to be controlled by which module at what time.