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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

User Preferred Trajectories in Commercial Aircraft Operation: Design and Implementation

Vera Anders, Hanyo January 2007 (has links)
<p>This report describes how an aircraft creates and flies its User Preferred Trajectory from take-off to landing, based on the objectives and constraints the aircraft is subjected to from a technological and operational viewpoint.</p><p>A basic description of commercial aircraft operation is given, with an emphasis on identifying the different stakeholders (Air Navigation Service Providers, Airline Operation Center, Pilot/Aircraft, Airport and Civil Aviation Authority). A general description of Instrument Flight Rules operations is also given, together with an explanation of the capabilities of modern flight management systems.</p><p>The objectives and constraints of the trajectory building process from an aircraft and air traffic management viewpoint are described in Chapter 4. Those are instrumental in understanding how the user preferred trajectory is built. The initial and detail route planning process is then described.</p><p>The initial route planning is performed long before the flight and usually by the airline operating center, while detail flight planning, including take-off, runway and departure procedure is performed later by the crew. This process is re-performed minutes before take-off, and usually iterated during the flight when the details of approach and landing are communicated to the aircraft crew.</p><p>The implementation of this user preferred trajectory is explained in terms of the options that the pilots have in the aircraft avionics to perform the mission. The implementation explained in this report is based on the avionics suite of a Boeing 737NG aircraft equipped with the most advanced flight management systems.</p><p>An implementation of a user preferred trajectory, where the aircraft crew is able to best fulfill their objectives is composed of an idle or near idle descent from the cruise altitude. This type of descent, called an advanced continuous descent approach has been implemented by some air navigation service providers, airlines and airports, based on advanced technology that will be further described in this paper. Those procedures are called Green Approaches.</p><p>In the last part of this report, the benefits of flying Green Approach procedures are analyzed by means of aircraft simulations. The analysis describes in detail the lateral and vertical trajectories of the Green Approaches at Stockholm’s Arlanda Airport and Brisbane Airport (Australia), together with the calculated advantages in term of fuel consumption, noise and gas emissions.</p>
2

ATC complexity measures: Formulas measuring workload and complexity at Stockholm TMA

Dervic, Amina, Rank, Alexander January 2015 (has links)
Workload and complexity measures are, as of today, often imprecise and subjective. Currently, two commonly used workload and complexity measuring formulas are Monitor Alert Parameter and the “Bars”, both using the same measurement variables; amount of aircraft and time. This study creates formulas for quantifying ATC complexity. The study is done in an approach environment and is developed and tested on Stockholm TMA by the creation of 20 traffic scenarios. Ten air traffic controllers working in Stockholm TMA studied the complexity of the scenarios individually and ranked the scenarios in reference to each other. Five controllers evaluated scenario A1-A10. These scenarios were used as references when creating the formulas. The other half of the scenarios, B1-B10, ranked by another five controllers, was used as validation scenarios. Factors relevant to an approach environment were identified, and the data from the scenarios were extracted according to the identified factors. Moreover, a regression analysis was made with the ambition to reveal appropriate weights for each variable. At the first regression, called formula #1, some parameter values were identical. Also, some parameter weights became negative in the regression analysis. The basic requirements were not met and consequently, additional regressions were done; eventually forming formula #2. Formula #2 showed stable values and plausible parameter weights. When compared to a workload measuring model of today, formula #2 showed better performance. Despite the small amount of data samples, we were able to prove a genuine relation between three, of each other independent, variables and the traffic complexity.
3

User Preferred Trajectories in Commercial Aircraft Operation: Design and Implementation

Vera Anders, Hanyo January 2007 (has links)
This report describes how an aircraft creates and flies its User Preferred Trajectory from take-off to landing, based on the objectives and constraints the aircraft is subjected to from a technological and operational viewpoint. A basic description of commercial aircraft operation is given, with an emphasis on identifying the different stakeholders (Air Navigation Service Providers, Airline Operation Center, Pilot/Aircraft, Airport and Civil Aviation Authority). A general description of Instrument Flight Rules operations is also given, together with an explanation of the capabilities of modern flight management systems. The objectives and constraints of the trajectory building process from an aircraft and air traffic management viewpoint are described in Chapter 4. Those are instrumental in understanding how the user preferred trajectory is built. The initial and detail route planning process is then described. The initial route planning is performed long before the flight and usually by the airline operating center, while detail flight planning, including take-off, runway and departure procedure is performed later by the crew. This process is re-performed minutes before take-off, and usually iterated during the flight when the details of approach and landing are communicated to the aircraft crew. The implementation of this user preferred trajectory is explained in terms of the options that the pilots have in the aircraft avionics to perform the mission. The implementation explained in this report is based on the avionics suite of a Boeing 737NG aircraft equipped with the most advanced flight management systems. An implementation of a user preferred trajectory, where the aircraft crew is able to best fulfill their objectives is composed of an idle or near idle descent from the cruise altitude. This type of descent, called an advanced continuous descent approach has been implemented by some air navigation service providers, airlines and airports, based on advanced technology that will be further described in this paper. Those procedures are called Green Approaches. In the last part of this report, the benefits of flying Green Approach procedures are analyzed by means of aircraft simulations. The analysis describes in detail the lateral and vertical trajectories of the Green Approaches at Stockholm’s Arlanda Airport and Brisbane Airport (Australia), together with the calculated advantages in term of fuel consumption, noise and gas emissions. / QC 20101119
4

Watch Supervisor in a Remote Tower Centre / Watch Supervisor i ett Remote Tower Centre

Jacobson, Alexander, Wik, Oskar January 2015 (has links)
Den här rapporten är en utredning och analys av lämpliga arbetsuppgifter och deras nödvändiga verktyg och hjälpmedel för en skiftledare, Watch Supervisor, vid ett framtida center för fjärrstyrda flygledningstorn, Remote Tower. Ett center för fjärrstyrda flygledningstorn är en centraliserad enhet med uppgiften att flygleda och kontrollera flygsäkerheten på och nära en eller flera flygplatser. Utgångspunkten för datainsamlingen har varit intervjuer med verksamma flygledare och skiftledare på LFV, Sveriges statliga verk för flygtrafiktjänst. Studiebesök har även gjorts vid olika enheter, både flygledartorn och radarkontrollcentraler, däribland Sundsvall RTC som är världens första central för fjärrstyrd flygledning godkänd att sättas i drift. Insamlad data har kompilerats och analyserats och en rekommendation presenteras i slutet av denna rapport angående arbetsuppgifter och verktyg för ovan nämnda skiftledare i ett RTC. Resultatet visar att rollen kommer ha stora likheter med befintliga skiftledarpositioner i den svenska flygledningen.
5

"Önskar man hade två käftar och tre telefoner" : COCOM och kontroll inom flygledning / "Wish I had two mouths and three phones" : COCOM and Control in Air Traffic Control

Rankin, Erik January 2015 (has links)
Denna magisteruppsats redogör för en anpassning av COCOM (Contextual Control Model) till flygledningsdomänen. COCOM är en modell som kan användas för att beskriva och förutse kontroll hos operatörer i komplexa system. En central del av modellen är begreppet kontrollnivå vilket beskriver hur graden av kontroll hos ett JCS (Joint Cognitive System) beror av och påverkar de parametrar som beskriver dess prestation. Fokus i denna uppsats ligger på det JCS som omfattar flygledaren i sin arbetsposition. I uppsatsen anpassas Hollnagels generella beskrivning av kontrollnivåer i COCOM till flygledningsdomänen. Till grund för anpassningen ligger en kvalitativ studie i form av observation och intervju av sju operativa flygledare vid en svensk kontrollcentral. De tre parametrarna målavvägning, subjektivt tillgänglig tid samt planering och prioritering befinns särskilt lämpliga för att beskriva kontroll inom flygledning. I uppsatsen identifieras också, med utgångspunkt i resilience engineering, tolv strategier som flygledare använder för att bibehålla kontroll i det vardagliga arbetet. Två exempel på strategier är att anpassa sig till kollegor och deras arbetssituation, samt användandet av ”extra ögon”, att låta en kollega övervaka arbetet. Valet av strategi kopplas i uppsatsen samman med vilken kontrollnivå flygledaren befinner sig på. Domänanpassningen av COCOM visar att modellen är lämplig för modellering av operatörer. COCOM för flygledning kan användas för att bättre klassificera prestation specifikt inom detta område, samt som stöd i samband med utvecklandet av nya verktyg och arbetsmetoder. Kunskap om kontrollstrategier kan med fördel utnyttjas vid utbildning av flygledare, som med denna typ av metakunskap kan få mer medvetna verktyg för att bibehålla kontroll.
6

Simulating ADS-B attacks in air traffic management : By the help of an ATM simulator / Simulering av ADS-B attacker inom flygledning

Lindahl, Gustav, Blåberg, Anton January 2020 (has links)
In Air Traffic Management (ATM) training, simulations of real air traffic control (ATC) scenarios are a key part of practical teaching. On the internet one may find multiple different ATM simulators available to the public with open source code. Today most aircraft transmit data about position, altitude, and speed into the atmosphere that essentially are unencrypted data points, available to the public. This means that potential attackers could project "fake" ADS-B data and spoof existing data to the air traffic controllers (ATCO) if the right equipment is used. We see this as a security flaw and we want to prepare ATCO for cyberattacks by modifying an ATM simulator with cyberattacks. First, openScope was chosen as the ATM simulator to be modified. Subsequently, three types of attacks were chosen for the simulator to be equipped with, based on ADS-B weaknesses from existing literature: aircraft that do not respond to commands, aircraft with altering positional data, and aircraft with incorrect speed and altitude data. The recorded parameters were the written command lines and corresponding aircraft type it was applied to. Using this modified simulator, ATCO can now be evaluated against cyberattacks. / Inom utbildningen till att bli flygledare finns olika simuleringar av verkliga scenarion och det är en viktig del av lärandet. Idag finns det många olika flygledningssimulatorer som finns tillgängliga för allmänheten med öppen källkod på internet. Idag sänder de flesta flygplan information om position, höjd och hastighet ut i atmosfären som i själva verket är okrypterade datapunkter och är tillgängliga för vem som helst som har rätt teknik tillgänglig. Det är även möjligt att både skicka och ändra denna data. Vi ser detta som en stor säkerhetsbrist och vill förbereda flygledare för olika former av cyberattacker genom att modifiera en tillgänglig simulator. Först valdes simulatorn openScope till att modifieras. Härnäst valdes tre olika former av attacker: flygplan som inte ger svar på kommandon, flygplan som spontant byter position och flygplan som visar felaktig höjd och hastighet. För att analysera användaren valdes det att spara använderans kommandon och attacksorten av flygplanet i fråga. Med hjälp av denna simulator kan flygledare nu utvärderas på deras hantering av cyberattacker.
7

’The Big Five of Teamwork’ i en flygtrafikledningsdomän : En observationsstudie på Arlanda ATCC / 'The Big Five of Teamwork' in an air traffic control domain : An observation study at Arlanda ATCC

Adolfsson, Sofie January 2018 (has links)
Idag är många branscher beroende av ett gediget teamwork. Det finns dock ett behov av objektiva mätsystem för teamwork och därför har detta projekt som syfte att skapa och testa ett observationsprotokoll utifrån den teoretiska modellen ’The Big Five of Teamwork’ framtagen av Salas, Sims &amp; Burke (2005). Observationsprotokollet användes för att observera teamwork mellan två flygledare på Arlanda ATCC. Därefter fick flygledarna svara på en enkät för att bidra med subjektiva aspekter från modellen. Totalt genomfördes 15 stycken strukturerade observationer. Resultatet visade att det är möjligt att skatta teamwork på flygledare med hjälp av ett observationsprotokoll baserat på sex av åtta komponenter, där inte teamorientering och gemensam mental modell ingick. Komponenterna visade sig vara mer än bara ett observerbart beteende och enbart observationer frambringar inte en rättvis bild över komponenten. Resultatet visade också på att flygledarna själva upplever samtliga komponenter som en del av arbetet. Observationerna visade att samarbetet kunde se olika ut och skilja sig från team till team, och att flygledarna anpassar sig efter varandras behov. / Today, many industries are dependent on a solid teamwork. However, there is a need for objective measurement assessment for teamwork and therefore this project aims to create and test an observation protocol based on the theoretical model ’The Big Five of Teamwork’ compiled by Salas, Sims &amp; Burke (2005). The observation protocol was used to observe teamwork between two air traffic controllers at Arlanda ATCC. After the observations the air traffic controllers answered a survey to receive subjective aspects from the model. A total of 15 structured observations were conducted. The results revealed that it’s possible to estimate teamwork on air traffic controllers using an observation protocol based on six of eight components, where team orientation and shared mental model were not included. The components appeared to be more than just an observable behavior, thus only observations does not give a fair picture of the component. The result also showed that air traffic controllers themselves perceive all components as a part of the work. The observations showed that the cooperation could look different and differ from team to team, and that air traffic controllers adapt to each other’s needs.
8

Tower? Yes, plane? : En kvalitativ studie av fjärrstyrd flygledningsmiljö / Tornet? Ja, planet? : En kvalitativ studie av fjärrstyrd flygledningsmiljö

Blagojevic, Dragoljub, Juliano, Jenny January 2022 (has links)
En modernisering av Air Traffic Management pågår för att hållbart hantera den förutsedda ökningen av flygtrafik fram till år 2035. Som en del av denna modernisering har Saab AB utvecklat en produkt, “Digital Tower”, som möjliggör att flygtorn kan fjärrstyras genom ett system av kameror. I syfte om att öka kunskap kring flygledarnas behov och flygsäkerhet i takt med ökad mängd flygtrafik, har denna studie undersökt den kognitiva belastningen inom den operativa miljön av en Digital Tower som är i bruk. I dess nuvarande form har interaktiva gränssnitt inom arbetsmiljön begränsad flexibilitet och anpassningsmöjligheter. Frågeställningen har därför ställts kring hur dessa begränsade anpassningsmöjligheter påverkar flygledares arbete och samarbete. Studien har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metodik, en contextual inquiry med observationer och intervjuer i kontext där arbetet skedde. Analysen gjordes utifrån Distributed Cognition som teoretiskt ramverk, vilket möjliggjorde en analys av den distribuerade kognitionen mellan aktörer och hur de brukar artefakter inom kontexten. Studiens slutsats är att gränssnittets begränsade anpassningsmöjligheter påverkar den kognitiva belastningen negativt, men anses inte som ett hinder för flygledarnas arbete. Eftersom den centraliserade arbetsmiljön har en stark närvaro av kollegor, har resultatet blivit att kollegorna kan kompensera för gränssnittets brister och avlasta i situationer av hög arbetsbelastning. / An ongoing modernization of Air Traffic Management is in effect to keep up with the forecasted increase in air traffic by 2035. As a part of this modernization a product was developed by Saab AB to control air traffic from remote control towers with a system of cameras, called “Digital Tower”. With the purpose of increasing the knowledge about the needs of Air Traffic Controllers and general flight safety with increased amount of flight traffic, this study researched the cognitive load within the operative Digital Tower environment in service. Currently the interactive interface within the work environment has limited flexibility and possibilities for adaptation. The study has therefore answered the question about how these limited adaptations affect the Air Traffic Controllers work and collaboration between them. The study has used qualitative methods in order to answer the question, by using a contextual inquiry which includes observations and interviews of the Air Traffic Controllers in their context. The result was analyzed by using Distributed Cognition theory, which made it possible to analyze the distributed cognition between people and artifacts within the context. The conclusion of the study is that the limited adaptations of the interface negatively affects the cognitive load, but has not been identified as a crucial interference for the Air Traffic Controllers. The centralized work environment has a strong presence of colleagues, which has led to the colleagues compensating for the limited interface by physically unburden the workload in critical situations.

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