The growth of private motor vehicle grows rapidly each year have negative impact not only forthe extra contribution of air pollution but also to time wasting. That impact can lead todecreasing of people quality life. Public transportation is one of the solutions for the problem.Therefore, the shift from private motor vehicle user to public transportation, in other wordincreasing market share of public transportation, is necessary. One of the public transportationthat can attract more market share is railways. It has large capacity, high safety level, and freefrom traffic jam. Those characteristic makes railway as primary public transportation.Indonesian railways nowadays have lot of problems and receive many complaints from thepassenger. Train travel is still colored with the delay, limited well-condition vehicle, and uncleartrain travel information that often disadvantage passengers, and many of services offered werefailed to attract passengers. These conditions result in decreasing quality of services andinsufficient railways operation. This will be a barrier to Indonesian railways accomplishment inmaking it to be a reliable and sustainable transport mode. Therefore, to improve market shareand to improve the railway condition, it necessary to have contractual governance withstandard that can lead to costumer satisfaction and making the process improve therelationship between the stakeholders. This lead to the problem of what is the customersatisfaction factors in using railway as their transport, what service quality item that satisfiedthe passenger, and how contract can maintain the relationship between the stakeholders.Finding in this thesis consist of several point. First, from the customer satisfaction index, thecustomers of Jabodetabek commuter train are not satisfied with the service. Second, theanalysis discovered that there are four factors that have high correlation with overallsatisfaction. The four factors are equipment and facility, assurance, competency, and traveltime and appearance. The attributes is grouping into five SERVQUAL dimension. Fromregression analysis of SERVQUAL dimensions there are two service items that influence thecustomer satisfaction; assurances and tangibles. Third, from gap analysis there are gaps inservice process that need to be closed in order to deliver service quality which lead tocustomer satisfaction in railway operational. Fourth, from contract analysis can be concludedthat present condition PT.KAI as the operator cannot perform as it is stated in contract. Thiscan be influenced by many factors such as; the lack of infrastructure, the lack of vehicle,customer misbehavior, staff misbehavior and external factors. In delivering service qualitywhich can lead to customer satisfaction, it is recommended to improve the service that relatedto assurances and tangible items and to involves passengers in controlling and improvingrailway operational. The result expected from the improvement is the increase of overallperformance of railway operation which can lead to the increase customer satisfaction andmarket share. From side of contractual governance, the research discovered that there areproblem in contract clausal and relationship between DGR, PT. KAI and people as customer ofrailway service. The recommendation is to include customer complains in setting contractclausal that can make DGR, PT. KAI and people as customer in mutualism developingrelationship.

Rail transit investments require highest amount of investment costs of all modes and considering the high cost involved, it is particularly important that their performance justifies this high cost and that expectations from these investments are met. Therefore, in the world, it has become an important field of research to study the performances of rail systems in order to assess whether these expectations are met. In Turkey, there is a growing interest in constructing rail transit systems in the cities. However, there has been limited number of studies on the performance of these investments. There are researches on individual systems / yet, there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the rail transit experience of Turkish cities. It is not clear with what expectations these systems are built or whether these expectations are met. There seems to be an urgent need to study these rail investments, with a particular focus on their planning, investment objectives and outcomes. This thesis analyzes the expectations from the rail transit systems in Turkey and answers the question whether these expectations are met. In order to understand the objectives under the planning and decision making processes in the implementation of Turkish rapid rail transport investments, a sample group was selected among the cities currently operating rail transit systems: &amp / #272 / stanbul, Ankara, &amp / #272 / zmir and Bursa. The study sets the objectives in planning and implementing rail transit systems drawn by the answers in the semi-structured interviews. It compares the expectations with the actual outcomes. As the primary indicators of performance, cost and ridership forecast and outcome data are also collected and considered in the comparison. It is found that the main success in all case study cities was the increase in public transport usage after the opening of the rail transit systems. On the other hand, systems performed rather poor in terms of other expectations, such as attaining ridership forecasts, being built within budget, creating an integrated public transport system, traffic reduction, air pollution reduction, improvement of city image, etc. Hence there is a gap between expectations and outcomes.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota ir pateikta inovacijų plėtros vertinimo metodika, ši metodika pateikiama praktiškai, pritaikant ją vertinant konkretų inovacijų plėtros projektą – automatizuotos traukinių ir vagonų komercinės apžiūros sistemos (AKAS) statybą AB „Lietuvos geležinkeliai“ Draugystės geležinkelio stotyje. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu tiriama inovacijų samprata, klasifikavimas, proceso problematika, pateikti inovacijų plėtros ekonominio naudingumo vertinimo principai. Antroje darbo dalyje nustatoma AKAS sistemos inovatyvumo ir ekonominio naudingumo vertinimo metodologija, kuri išskirta į dvi dalis: Lietuvos geležinkelio funkcijų atvejo analizės vertinimas ir AKAS sistemos tyrimo atvejo analizės vertinimas. AKAS sistemos tyrimui taikyti trys metodai: ekspertinė apklausa, inovacinių projektų rezultatų vertinimas, darbuotojų darbo laiko įdiegus AKAS sistemą analizės vertinimas. Trečioje darbo dalyje atliekami tirtų duomenų apdorojimai. Analizuojamos Lietuvos geležinkelio funkcijos ir AKAS sistemos tyrimo atvejis. Darbo gale pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos AKAS sistemos tobulinimui. / Master‘s Work contains analyzed and presented innovation development evaluation methodology. This methodology presented in practical way using it evaluating particular innovation development project – automatical trains and wagons comercial review system‘s (AKAS) building in Join Stock Company „Lietuvos geležinkeliai“ Draugystės railway station. In the first part of the Work from theoretical point of view are examined the conception of innovations, classification, process issues, valuation principles of innovation development economical benefits listed. In the second part of the Work the evaluation methodology of AKAS system economical effectiveness and innovation is determined which is splitted in two parts: in case of Lithuanian railway‘s functions analysis evaluation and in case of AKAS system‘s survey analysis evaluation. Three methods was applied for analysis of AKAS system: experts survey, innovation projects results interpretation, analysis evaluation of workers work time after AKAS system‘s introduction. In the third part of the Work processing of examined data was made. Functions of Lithuanian railway and AKAS system case study are analyzed. Conclusions and recomendations for improvement of AKAS system presented in the end of the Work.

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It is important to control whether dominant companies in particular market sectors follow laws and rules and do not abuse their dominance at the expense of weaker companies. This behaviour is likely to damage current or avoid the entry of new competitors, shrink the competition and set the environment for price changes the consumer is exposed to. The thesis clarifies the theoretical aspect of this issue and tries to apply it on the real case from the railway transport sector in order to describe the procedure of defining relevant market and market share and investigating the abusive behaviour. A questionnaire survey among railway passeners is an integral part of the thesis. JEL Classification D21, D22, K21, L11, L12, L40 Keywords Predatory prices, relevant market, SSNIP test, railway transport, Czech Railways Author's e-mail Iva-Slamova@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail vacek@fsv.cuni.cz

Cette thèse porte sur la circulation de la théâtralité du cirque, de la France aux régions intérieures du Brésil, en prenant comme référence la configuration du spectacle de cirque moderne et la présence du théâtre dans le Cirque Olympique de 1807 à 1836. Le théâtre y est considéré comme un des éléments de la pluralité du cirque qui arriva au Brésil au XIXe siècle. Pour comprendre la circulation de cette dramaturgie, l’étude se porte sur le système de transports du pays, en se focalisant sur les chemins de fer, afin de mesurer l’impact culturel du Bahia and São Francisco Railway et du Chemin de Fer São Francisco dans les régions intérieures de l’Etat de Bahia, pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle. Ce qui permet de réaliser une analyse de la vie culturelle de ce « réseau de villes » bénéficiaires des chemins de fer, en particulier les villes de Alagoinhas, Serrinha, Senhor do Bonfim et Juazeiro. A titre d’exemple de cette circulation, l’étude se concentre sur le mélodrame français Les deux sergents, de D’Aubigny, présenté pour la première fois au public au Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin en 1823. Traduit en portugais, il fut représenté par des cirques et des compagnies théâtrales, dans différentes villes du Brésil, dont celles étudiées ici, et illustre un vrai triomphe de la dramaturgie mélodramatique française au Brésil, pendant plus d’un siècle. / This paper discusses the transit of the circus-theatricality from France to the interior of Brazil with reference to the configuration of the modern circus show and the presence of the theatre at the Cirque Olympique between the years 1807 and 1836. The theatre is therefore treated as an element of the plurality of the circus that came to Brazil in the nineteenth century. To understanding this circulation it is necessary to analyse the transport system in the country, focusing on the railroads, to point out the cultural impacts of the Bahia and San Francisco Railway and the Railway San Francisco on the interior of Bahia in the first half of the twentieth century and an analysis of the cultural life in the "network of cities" in Bahia, benefited by the railroads, especially the cities Alagoinhas, Serrinha, Senhor do Bonfim and Juazeiro. As an example of this movement, we discuss the French melodrama Les deux sergents from D'Aubigny, whose debut performance took place at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in 1823. Translated into Portuguese, the piece was performed by circuses and theatre companies in several Brazilian cities, including those encompassed by this study, featuring a triumph of French melodramatic dramaturgy in Brazil over the course of more than a century.

A AgÃncia Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (ANTT) acompanha o desempenho das ferrovias de carga atravÃs de diversos indicadores e verifica se as metas estabelecidas estÃo sendo cumpridas ou nÃo, investigando as causas do descumprimento. Entretanto, quando se busca os relatÃrios de avaliaÃÃo das concessÃes ferroviÃrias, nÃo consta uma investigaÃÃo aprofundada dos nÃveis de eficiÃncia das ferrovias brasileiras â um dos argumentos utilizados a favor da privatizaÃÃo das ferrovias e um dos princÃpios a serem perseguidos pela agÃncia. Avaliar o desempenho de unidades produtivas implica no estudo de diversos processos produtivos e no cÃlculo de uma grande variedade de medidas de produtividade, alÃm da escolha entre uma gama igualmente abrangente de metodologias que buscam identificar as unidades mais eficientes na produÃÃo de determinados bens ou serviÃos. De uma forma geral, essas metodologias envolvem o cÃlculo de taxas (ou Ãndices) de eficiÃncias em termos de produto por unidade de insumo (por exemplo: custo por unidade de produto, lucro por empregado, receita por unidade de capital empregado, etc). Cooper et al. (2000) denominam essas anÃlises como sendo a busca por medidas de produtividade parcial jà que os indicadores resultantes nÃo abrangem a totalidade de insumos e produtos utilizados no processo. Para uma anÃlise completa seria necessÃria, entÃo, uma metodologia que incluÃsse na anÃlise todos os insumos e todos os produtos presentes em um determinado processo produtivo. Com este objetivo, Charnes, Cooper e Rhodes (1978) apresentaram o seu trabalho seminal denominado Measuring the efficiency of decision making units no qual descrevem os fundamentos da AnÃlise EnvoltÃria de Dados ou Data Envelopment Analysis, em inglÃs, ou ainda simplesmente DEA. Ã, na verdade, uma ampliaÃÃo do estudo inicialmente apresentado por Farrel (1957), onde foram analisados os problemas das medidas parciais de eficiÃncia. Este trabalho faz uma aplicaÃÃo do mÃtodo DEA para avaliar a eficiÃncia produtiva das ferrovias de carga brasileiras baseando-se nos dados coletados pela a ANTT no perÃodo de 2006 a 2009. A partir destes dados foram elaborados oito modelos de anÃlise, sendo quatro considerando-se rendimentos constantes de escala e as demais se considerando rendimentos variÃveis de escala. Os modelos propostos foram resolvidos utilizando-se o pacote Benchmarking para R. A hipÃtese principal deste trabalho à que as ferrovias de bitola larga tenderiam a serem mais eficientes do que as ferrovias de bitola mÃtrica. Os resultados aqui obtidos sugerem que esta hipÃtese deve ser refutada. / The AgÃncia Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (ANTT) monitors the performance of rail freight through various indicators, and ensures that goals are being met or not by investigating the causes of noncompliance. However, there is no evidence of a deep investigation of the level of efficiency of the railway freight transport in Brazil. Note that it was one of the arguments used in favor of privatization of the railways and is one of the principles to be pursued by the agency. The appraisal of the performance of productive units involves analysis to several processes and calculation of a wide variety of productivity measures. Either, it requires choices between an equally comprehensive range of methodologies that seek to identify the most efficient units in the production of certain goods or services. In general, these methods involve the calculation of rates of efficiencies in terms of output per unit of input (eg, cost per unit of output, profit per employee, revenue per unit of capital employed, etc.). Cooper et al. (2000) called this analysis as the search for partial productivity measures since the resulting indicators do not cover all the materials and products used in the process. For a given production process, a complete analysis of efficiency requires the inclusion of all inputs and all outputs. To ensure it, Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) presented their seminal work called Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units in which describe the fundamentals of Data Envelopment Analysis, or simply DEA. It is actually an extension of the study initially presented by Farrell (1957), which analyzed the problems of partial measures of efficiency. This work is an application of DEA to evaluate the productive efficiency of freight rail lines in Brazil based on data collected by ANTT from 2006 to 2009. From these data, eight models were prepared for analysis. Four was prepared considering constant returns to scale and the other considering variable returns to scale. The proposed models were solved using the package Benchmarking for R. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the large gauge railways tend to be more efficient than the metric gauge railways. The results obtained here suggest that this hypothesis should be rejected.

Os sistemas de transporte sobre trilhos são considerados por geógrafos e urbanistas elementos estruturadores das cidades, capazes de influir de forma muito intensa na localização das atividades humanas e na diferenciação do território. Há décadas os tramos urbanos ferroviários são uma promessa de solução para os muitos problemas de circulação enfrentados nas grandes cidades. Muitas, porém, são as dúvidas e os conflitos que envolvem o uso e adoção definitiva da ferrovia nos processos de planejamento de muitas das áreas metropolitanas brasileiras. Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo as apostas foram feitas nas linhas ferroviárias e, desde a década de 1990, estão sendo aplicados substanciais investimentos para a sua modernização e transformação em serviços de alta capacidade e qualidade. Após quase vinte anos de sua criação, a CPTM tem batido recordes no crescimento do transporte de passageiros, porém, poucas foram as avaliações feitas sobre os resultados da política de investimento no tecido urbano e na vida dos cidadãos. Prover esta avaliação e validar a necessidade da continuidade dos planos e investimentos está na razão deste estudo, que trata da evolução operacional da malha da CPTM e a qualifica com a identidade social, econômica, entre outras variáveis demográficas, de seus usuários. A avaliação tem como base territorial os municípios atendidos pela ferrovia na RMSP, descrevendo o incremento dos fluxos de pessoas, avaliando indicadores operacionais e propõe a discussão dos limites de renovação que uma forma de transporte, ainda em transformação, gera no território. O crescimento relevante no número de usuários que acessam a CPTM por ônibus ou pelo Metrô indica relevantes melhorias na qualidade e eficiência do transporte produzido, que está mais integrado e oferece a um maior contingente de pessoas, que ingressaram mais recentemente no mercado de trabalho, maior acessibilidade às oportunidades. Ainda é incipiente o processo de transformação do uso do solo no entorno das linhas e das estações, mas pode-se afirmar que definitivamente a ferrovia na RMSP é elemento de requalificação e valorização do espaço urbano incorporado ao planejamento de Estado e municípios. / Rail transportation systems are considered by geographers and urban planners structural elements of the cities, which are able to intensively influence the way locations of human activities, provide territory differentiation. For decades, urban rail are a promising solution for the many traffic problems faced in major cities. Yet, there are many doubts and conflicts involving the use and definitive adoption of rail transportation on urban planning of many Brazilian metropolitan areas. In São Paulo Metropolitan Area the bets were placed on railway lines, and since the 1990s, substantial investments have been made for modernizing and transforming them. After almost twenty years of its creation, CPTM has hit records in the passenger transport growth; however, few evaluations have been made on the results of investment policy in the urban space and the citizens lives. Providing this assessment and validating the need of carrying on plans and investments is the reason for this study which deals with the evolution of the CPTM\'s operational fabric and qualifies it with the identity of its users regarding social, economical, and other demographic variables. The assessment is based on the territorial municipalities served by the railroad, describing the increased flows of people, evaluating operating performance and it proposes a discussion on the limits of renewal that a form of transportation, still in transformation, generates in the territory. The relevant growth in the number of users accessing the CPTM by bus or by subway indicates relevant improvements in quality and efficiency of the produced transportation, which is more integrated and offers a greater number of people who recently joined in the labor market, higher accessibility to transportation services. The process of transformation of land use in the vicinity of lines and stations is still incipient, but you can definitely say that the railroad in the metropolis is an element of retraining and upgrading of urban space built into the planning of state and municipalities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T17:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disseratacao_JOSE ISRAEL DE ALMONDES.pdf: 992913 bytes, checksum: 4cd67b48bc8c32fc111f0a2bddeddfe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-13 / This thesis explains about the use of the sun as an energy source, the parameters that characterize the photovoltaic solar energy and a practical application of this energy source in railways for lighting purposes. The Solar Energy presents good results for small-scale applications, especially in remote areas, which can be seen in many regions of Brazil. The thesis also makes a comparison between solar energy photovoltaic and other energy sources, establishing the favorable and unfavorable characteristics of each one, with the objective of lighting the Level Crossings (LCs) in railways. In summary, this thesis studies the feasibility of using solar energy for lighting purposes in railroads located in remote areas. A practical application of this solution is presented. / O presente trabalho explana a respeito da utilização do sol como fonte de energia, os parâmetros que caracterizam a energia solar fotovoltaica e uma utilização prática dessa fonte energética em trechos ferroviários para fins de iluminação. É mostrado que a energia solar presta-se bem a produção em pequena escala em áreas remotas, o que já pode ser visto em muitas áreas do Brasil. O trabalho faz ainda um comparativo entre a energia solar fotovoltaica e as demais fontes de energia, estabelecendo as características favoráveis e contrárias de cada uma delas para iluminação em Passagens de Níveis (PN s) em ferrovias. Em síntese, estuda-se a viabilidade do uso da energia solar para fins de iluminação em ferrovias, estas localizadas em áreas remotas, e é apresentada uma aplicação prática descentralizada dessa solução.