Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-13T19:57:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO JOSE PAULO DA SILVA 1995 -VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1039051 bytes, checksum: cee33684d5bd383bcdd959dbeabcaef7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T19:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO JOSE PAULO DA SILVA 1995 -VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1039051 bytes, checksum: cee33684d5bd383bcdd959dbeabcaef7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-07-06 / capes / Este trabalho tem como escopo principal o estudo sobre a cooperação em prevenção de acidentes do trabalho na CHESF - Companhia Hidroelétrica do São Francisco-. Com isto, o mesmo visa evidenciar as variáveis que têm maiores condições de explicação para este fato. Isto é, o que foi determinante para que os especialistas tanto da DAST - Divisão de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho - quanto da DO - Diretoria de Operação -, cooperassem entre si, no sentido de atendendo a algumas peculiaridades de suas funções, para tornar a prevenção de acidentes do trabalho uma ação coletiva? Este trabalho está divido em três partes. Na primeira, evidencia-se uma análise teórica da escolha racional, destacando-se um debate sobre alguns teóricos. Em seguida, faz-se uma abordagem mais específica da escolha racional, destacando-se as posições de Jon Elster, sobre o assunto, antes de adentrar-se mais na questão da prevenção de acidentes como ação coletiva. Na segunda parte, são demonstrados os dados financeiros e estatísticos necessários à comprovação de parte da hipótese estabelecida. E a terceira parte, dedicou-se à análise dos dados, por sua vez, dividida em duas fases: na primeira, iniciou-se analisando a eficiência da prevenção de acidentes em relação aos custos dos acidentes do trabalho, que constitui exatamente outra parte da hipótese. Neste caso, os dados financeiros citados, anteriormente, assumem várias formulações necessárias à explicação dos conceitos de eficiências econômica e tecnológica da prevenção de acidentes. A segunda fase é dedicada à análise da relação de interdependência entre os especialistas da DAST e da DO, como, também, aos desdobramentos dessa relação até a sua configuração num jogo de cooperação entre ambos. Para detectar o poder de explicação da última variável, utilidade da prevenção de acidentes para os especialistas da DO, sobre a variável cooperação em prevenção de acidentes do trabalho, utilizou-se de alguns recursos que pudessem parametrizar os dados coletados, de forma a tornar claro a sua contribuição à variável dependente. Nisto, ficou estabelecido que alguns critérios definiriam se houve alto, médio ou baixo nível de utilidade da prevenção de acidentes do trabalho. E, também, quando se refere à cooperação em prevenção de acidentes, estabeleceram-se critérios, como alta, média e baixa cooperação. Sendo assim, ficou evidente que a cooperação em prevenção de acidentes do trabalho foi resultado da escolha, das preferências e das ações estratégicas por parte dos especialistas da DO, dentro de certo âmbito de condições estabelecidas. / This work has the principal purpose the study about accidents prevention cooperation at CHESF – Hydro Electrical of São Francisco Company-. From this aspect, this work aim to make in evidence the variables that by means of them is possible to explain this phenomenon, that is, what was important for specialists of DAST and DO – Operations Directory- cooperating between them, in accordance theirs functions and becoming the accidents prevention the result a collective action? This work is presented in three parts. In the first, was made in evidence one theoretical analyses of rational choice, featured a debate about some theorists. Then, was made an approach especially about rational choice, hidhlightining the John Elster `opinions about the matter, before to deepen in the accidents prevention as a collective action. In the second part, were showed the financial and statistics data necessaries to confirm the hypothesis proposed. And the first was dedicated to the data analysis. In this case, divided in two phases: First of them, begun analyzing the efficiency of accidents prevention in relation to the costs of accidents that consists exactly a part of hypothesis. In this case, the financial data mentioned, previously, used to bear several formulations necessaries to explain the concepts of economic and technological efficiency of accidents prevention. The second phase is dedicated to analyses the interdependence relationship between specialists of DAST and DO and its unfolding until the game configuration as well. To detect the power of explication of the last variable, this is, the utilities of accidents prevention for the DO specialists, concerning cooperation in accidents prevention drew on some resources that could to parametric the data collect in a way to become clear their contribution the dependent variable. So, was established that some criteria would define if occurs high, media and low level of utility of accident prevention and high, media and low cooperation as well. This way made in evidence that cooperation in accidents prevention was a result of choice, preferences and strategic actions developed by DO specialists, inside the established conditions.

Orientador: David Dequech Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T23:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_AlexSandroRodriguesde_M.pdf: 1168475 bytes, checksum: a7f14f5d1eb57f403f8eb1afefa019e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta dissertação busca apresentar e discutir as principais características da economia comportamental, identificando suas diferentes abordagens e comparando-as com a economia neoclássica. A intenção é apresentar as propostas e a estrutura conceitual das abordagens psicológicas e realçar os elementos de ruptura e continuidade em relação à economia neoclássica. Os conceitos básicos e as principais descobertas da economia comportamental são apresentados particularmente com base nos trabalhos de Kahneman e Tversky. Ao final, a dissertação destaca as objeções de Gerd Gigerenzer ao programa de pesquisa de Kahneman e Tversky e faz comentários críticos ao individualismo das abordagens psicológicas que penetraram a economia mainstream / Abstract: This dissertation is concerned with defining the characteristics of behavioral economics, identifying its different approaches and comparing them to neoclassical economics. The intention is to present the proposals and conceptual framework of psychological approaches and highlight the elements of departure from, and continuity with, the neoclassical economy. The basic concepts and major findings of behavioral economics are presented particularly based on the work of Kahneman and Tversky. Finally, the dissertation highlights the objections of Gerd Gigerenzer to Kahneman and Tversky research program and makes critical commentaries to the individualism of psychological approaches that have penetrated mainstream economics / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

Syftet med studien var att ta reda på brottsbekämparnas tankar och idéer angående fenomenet cannabissmuggling till Sverige, hur de anser att man bäst skall göra för att minska eller få stopp på smugglingen av cannabis. Undersökningsgruppen består av åtta brottsbekämpare som arbetar i brottsbekämpande myndighet (polisen & Tullen) med god insyn i cannabisproblematik. Brottsbekämparna intervjuades med en semistrukturerad kvalitativ intervju och fick då berätta med egna ord om sina erfarenheter av att bl.a. bekämpa smuggling av cannabis. Resultatet analyseras med hjälp av rutinaktivitetsteorin och rational choice-teorin samt tidigare forskning. Slutsatser som dras i denna studie är att smuggling av cannabis är svårt att stoppa. För att det skall ske en minskning eller kunna få stopp på smuggling av cannabis till Sverige krävs en del samhällsförändringar enligt intervjupersonerna. Smugglingen i sig är inget nytt fenomen, det handlar om att det smugglas stora mängder i legala som i illegala transporter samt att fler och fler människor smugglar in för eget bruk med ett nytt tillvägagångssätt. För att förhindra och försvåra cannabissmuggling till Sverige krävs ett kollektivt ansvarstagande och kollektiva insatser, samarbete mellan brottsbekämpande myndigheter både nationellt och internationellt för att förhindra och försvåra cannabissmuggling till Sverige.  Studien visar också att det råder enighet bland respondenterna om det rådande kontrollsystemet som inte upplevs som så effektivt på grund av byråkratiska organisationer inom myndigheterna. Samtliga respondenter pekade på brister gällande både bemanningar vid gränspassagen och uppmanade till ett nytt sätt att arbeta för att kunna kontrollera så många som möjligt genom samverkan med andra likasinnade myndigheter i utlandet och i Sverige.   Det man skall också komma ihåg är att brottsbekämparna vet en hel del om cannabissmuggling och dess utveckling, beträffande såväl dess volym, struktur som utvecklingen över tid. Vidare finns det anledning att fråga sig vilka belägg som presenteras för de hotbilder som tas fram. Dåligt underbyggda hotbilder kan även de leda till missriktade motåtgärder. Om fel metoder samt fel hotbilder prioriteras är risken stor att antalet oskyldiga människor kontrolleras vid gränsen. Det handlar följaktligen inte enbart om negativa konsekvenser för den personliga integriteten som hotas eller brottsbekämpningens effektivitet, utan även om medborgarnas utsatthet för kränkning. I förlängningen har detta stor betydelse för såväl brottsbekämparnas som det politiska systemets legitimitet.

This study has examined the content of the Swedish Church's posts on the social network media Facebook and Instagram. The posts were published during September to November 2017, which is about 90 posts. I have also analysed if the posts could be seen as marketing in this particular media form. Rational Choice Theory has served as an overall theory in which I assumed that people make rational decisions in the choosing of their religion. Therefore, I see the content on these sites as a supply of the Swedish church religiosity that people can base their decisions on. Through an inductive approach, themes have been searched for in the posts and analysed through text condensation. The result of the study is that there are six types of published content, grief management, church operation, divinity, entertainment, religious history and informative posts about the Swedish church election that took place in September 2017. These posts can be seen as marketing because the focus in marketing has shifted from emphasis on the product to the consumer. The purpose is now to provide consumers with information that they can base their decisions on. Therefore, when people use the information on these sites in order to make a rational choice of their religion, the post can be seen as marketing of the Swedish Church, but not in cases when people read the post in other purposes.

På senaste tid har det individuella kravet på ekonomiska frågor ökat allt mer och mer i takt med den teknologiska framfarten. I samband med detta är det väldigt viktigt med finansiell kunskap, även kallat financial literacy, för att kunna utföra dessa vardagliga situationer. Vad är det då som förbättrar en individs financial literacy? Vissa studier hävdar att det är det finansiella beteende som är grunden till en god financial literacy, medan andra påstår att det har med räknekunskap att göra. Andra faktorer, såsom utbildning, kön och ålder konstateras spela en stor roll om man frågar andra aktörer. Vilken av dessa faktorer är då den viktigaste för att man ska ha en god financial literacy och kunna tackla dessa situationer som uppkommer i vardagen? För att kunna genomföra detta arbete gjordes en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en enkätundersökning där svar hämtades från 257 respondenter (18+). Materialet från enkätsundersökningen analyserades och jämfördes med tidigare forskning. I denna studie så kom vi fram till att den viktigaste faktorn för en god financial literacy är ekonomisk utbildning som sedan följs av räknekunskap och finansiellt beteende, som kan jämföras med den kognitiva förmågan hos individer som beskrivs av rational choice theory. Både kön och ålder visar skillnader i det finansiella beteendet men visar inget direkt samband till financial literacy.

What do we do when we realise that others with whom we interact already know something about relevant qualities of ours? Do we relying on the information that we naturally emit to get our message across, or do we take actions to try to change the situation in our favour? And, does the information that we emit, generated intentionally or unintentionally, allow us to cooperate with others and conflict to be resolved peacefully? Drawing on signalling and 'countersignalling' theories, and a recent behavioural theory, I explore these questions using two experiments in which the relevant qualities are trustworthiness and toughness, and observational data from the 1997 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities concerning violence among prisoners. In the experiments, subjects, who do not know what will follow, initially create a natural indicator of their qualities, and subsequently, have the opportunity to send another indicator, this time fully informed. In one experiment, consistent with countersignalling theory, subjects whose generosity is clear deign to send further information, while those whose generosity can be called under question choose to update their initial action the most. In the other, the toughest subjects put the most effort into getting their message across. Consistent among both, senders' actions correspond to receivers' evaluations. Finally, I find that pertinent information can allow conflicts to be resolved successfully; it is linked with less violence in prison and in a laboratory-based contest.

This diploma thesis researches model of economic man, its historical background, and also modern critics of this concept and alternative approach to economic man, especially in behavioral economics. Human (im)perfection leads to the discussion about a range of liberty man should get eventually to which extent should a man be led by paternalism. Therefore this thesis introduces and tests concept of libertarian paternalism which is applied to drug issues. The thesis demonstrates that model of economic man is in many ways too simplified and insufficient. Thus, extention of this model with findings of psychology, biology and other sciences seems beneficial. Libertarian paternalism, despite few shortcomings, shows potential to be realisable and viable in certain situations.

A dearth of pre-existing research in the field prompted this thesis on whether traditional econometric analyses of war deterrent alliances are applicable to modern alliances for counter terror purposes. Apparent foundational and contextual differences between the two types of alliances and the costs and benefits member nations derive from each lead the author to theorize that factors contributing to the formation of each alliance are fundamentally similar. Multiple types of statistical models are used to measure variables from the Correlates of War and Polity datasets combined with custom variables in a new dataset concerning major transnational terrorist attacks and the resultant alliances in testing the effect of traditionally contributing formation factors on alliances against terrorism. The results indicate that some contributing factors are similar, extant analysis tools have utility and that further investigation is justified.

Control theories have substantively contributed both theoretically and empirically to criminological research. Recently, Hirschi moved away from the personality constructs associated with self-control and created a new conceptualization that favors social bonds. Specifically, Hirschi suggests that counting the number of inhibitors (derived from social bonds) is the best way to predict delinquency. Using middle school and high school students from Largo Florida, this study examines Hirschi's new conceptualization of inhibitors by comparing it with self-control and a traditional social bonding scale. In addition, this study also explores whether Hirschi's new conceptualization and self-control operate through a cognitive scale. Results suggest that some components of Hirschi's new conceptualization of inhibitors are supported, while others are not. Finally, limitations are discussed and directions for future research are outlined.

Theory is vital for our scientific understanding of the social world. Building, developing, and evaluating theory are therefore central practices within the social sciences. This study performs an evaluation of rational choice theory within the field of political participation. This is a theoretical framework that has had significant problems reconciling theoretical prediction with empirical findings, causing what is called the paradox of participation. For more than sixty years rational choice theorists have tried to develop new formulations of the theory to avoid this paradox. The purpose of this study is to forward this debate by providing a new perspective on rational choice theory that is purely theoretical. Using the evaluative criteria of falsifiability and leverage, the study finds that a theory using both collective and selective incentives, while also allowing the formulation of the theory to change depending on the form of political participation one wants to explain provides the most promising approach. However, the evaluation does reveal some issues in connection to selective incentives. A potential alternative solution to the paradox is therefore briefly discussed, yet a more thorough exploration of this venue is left to future research.