<p>The aim of this case study is to analyse cooperation mainly in issues related to water management in the area along the Miño river. The study focuses on the Spanish municipalities that limit with the river and that are in the border area with Portugal. There was a key issue which was discovered during the reading and analysis of data, a change of no cooperation to cooperation on the Spanish-Portuguese border. There was previously a political culture of no cooperation among the autonomous regions in Spain, which could have affected cooperation with the region of north Portugal. The fact the both countries have different administrative cultures could also impede cooperation. Nevertheless cooperation seems to have developed and in order to study this phenomenon the researcher uses a qualitative method and relies on a choice of institutional theories. This research studies how institutions affect cooperation in this particular case. The theories will analyse the impact of political institutions and the relation between institutions and individuals. They also help to identify how human behaviour affects processes and events.</p>

<p>The relations between Greece and Turkey have developed at an unprecedented level in recent years. Behind this development lay certain factors notably the Simitis Governments’ strategy of redefining the parameters of Greek national interests in foreign policy and the Turkish Governments’ subsequent positive responses to this favorable atmosphere. It is thus possible to use the term ‘détente’ to refer to the period which dates back to 1996, the rise of Simitis to the Greek premiership. Some observers on Greco-Turkish Relations tend to trace the origins of Greco-Turkish détente to the devastating 17 August earthquake in Turkey. Some others try to find the origin of détente in the 1999 Helsinki Summit where Turkey was offered the candidacy status for the EU membership. This thesis proposes an alternative approach by defending the view that the rise of Simitis to the prime ministry itself heralded the chain of events which would later pave the road to the relaxation of Greco-Turkish Relations.</p><p>This thesis is a modest attempt to understand the anatomy of Simitis Leadership and its reflections on Greco-Turkish Relations. On the basis of certain turning points in a chronological fashion, it will uncover the background of an eight-year ruling term with its ups and downs. There is an irony in Greco-Turkish Relations: Outbreak of crises between the two neighbors led both the Greek and the Turkish political actors to re-examine their attitude in the following phase of their relationship. In the Simitis Era, the tensions created opportunities for building up networks of cooperation initiatives to a certain extent. I also argue here that spillover logic in Greco-Turkish Relations has started working- albeit cautiously- and that this spirit could be sustainable if managed by both sides wisely. Continuation of the Greco-Turkish détente even after the governmental change in Athens in April 2004 demonstrates that the Simitis Leadership has determined a new framework for Greco- Turkish Relations. This framework has been set through pushing Turkey to the future EU membership orientation and setting mechanisms of reward/punishment (or carrot/stick) policy on Turkey’s route to Brussels through the EU.</p>

The aim of this case study is to analyse cooperation mainly in issues related to water management in the area along the Miño river. The study focuses on the Spanish municipalities that limit with the river and that are in the border area with Portugal. There was a key issue which was discovered during the reading and analysis of data, a change of no cooperation to cooperation on the Spanish-Portuguese border. There was previously a political culture of no cooperation among the autonomous regions in Spain, which could have affected cooperation with the region of north Portugal. The fact the both countries have different administrative cultures could also impede cooperation. Nevertheless cooperation seems to have developed and in order to study this phenomenon the researcher uses a qualitative method and relies on a choice of institutional theories. This research studies how institutions affect cooperation in this particular case. The theories will analyse the impact of political institutions and the relation between institutions and individuals. They also help to identify how human behaviour affects processes and events.

This thesis makes two contributions to environmental criminology. The first contribution is a rational choice event model for mobile phone thieves. This is based on interviews with 40 mobile phone thieves. In addition, the deterrent effects of 23 designs of phone are assessed. Comparisons are made between the responses of offenders and non-offenders; and between experienced offenders and less experienced offenders. The results show that mobile phone thieves make discerning choices about which model of phone to steal at the point of theft. The factors affecting handset choice reflect Clarke s (1999) CRAVED characteristics. Mobile phone thieves are differentially deterred by a variety of design solutions, the most effective of which reduce the resale value of stolen handsets. In contrast with offenders, non-offenders are more easily deterred, and statistically significantly more deterred for five of the 23 designs presented in this thesis; do not appreciate the importance of resale value; and are not so aware of the possibilities for circumventing or neutralising security technology. The differences between offender and non-offender responses mean that offenders are arguably best placed to assess product use and misuse in the process of designing-out crime. The second contribution of this thesis is a Mobile Phone Theft Index which controls for phone availability in the absence of handset sales data. Mobile phone theft is arguably a form of pollution (Roman and Farrell, 2002) and can, therefore, be controlled using traditional pollution control instruments (Farrell and Roman, 2006). Informing the public of their risk of victimisation according to handset ownership would make security a marketable aspect of handset design, incentivising industry to decrease theft rates. Industry action to date shows evidence of obstructionism and pre-regulatory initiatives (Newman, 2004) meaning that a novel instrument such as the Index is necessary to alter the current status quo where industry costs UK society an estimated £1.2 billion per year (Mailley and Farrell, 2006).

Money factors into the lives of all of Jane Austen’s heroines and, in many of her novels, the heroines struggle on the marriage market. Austen concludes every one of her novels with the marriage of the heroine and, while Austen made the choice to become a writer instead of marrying, she is consequently very mindful of what marriage means for each of her heroines and who they ultimately choose for a husband. Given that economics is the social science concerned with how individuals and institutions make optimal choices under conditions of scarcity, knowledge of some of the basic concepts in economics and an understanding of the economic theory behind how people make choices can enhance readings of Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice. Through a survey of some of the existing economic literature on marriage, I demonstrate how one might apply economic theory to these two novels. Subsequently, I explore how there are limits on how far the economics of marriage can be extended to analyze Austen’s novels, but ultimately conclude that the theory presented nevertheless helps explain how many of the characters choose their future partner.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Tübingen, 2007/2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Esta tese tem dois objetivos: O primeiro é evidenciar, com base na literatura de Economia da Religião, a premissa de racionalidade humana relativa ao comportamento religioso. Com esse objetivo, realiza-se uma discussão dos fundamentos teóricos da Economia da Religião: a Escolha Racional, a Teoria do Consumidor aplicada à religião, o modelo de produção doméstica de Gary Becker e a Teoria do Mercado Religioso. Também se apresenta e se discute alguns dos principais modelos teóricos da Economia da Religião, citando, sempre que possível as evidências empíricas existentes na literatura. Como meio de contribuir para a discussão nessa área, são aplicados modelos econométricos de análise de survey com dados de duas pesquisas para dois dos modelos teóricos apresentados, o de Azzi-Ehremberg e o de Durkin Greeley (1991): Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domícilios (PNAD) de 1988, aplicada pelo IBGE, e Pesquisa Social Brasileira (PESB) de 2004, realizada pela FGV Opinião. Uma predição importante relacionada à Teoria do Mercado Religioso, um dos fundamentos da Teoria da Escolha Racional da Religião, é que quanto maior for, de um lado, o grau de regulação governamental neste mercado, por outro serão menores o grau de competição das organizações religiosas, o pluralismo religioso e, conseqüentemente, o nível de participação religiosa. Segundo a Teoria do Mercado Religioso, de modo semelhante a outros mercados, a intervenção estatal provoca, no mercado religioso, alocações subótimas de recursos escassos, ineficiência na produção e restrição na diversidade de bens e serviços religiosos ofertados aos consumidores pelas organizações religiosas. O segundo objetivo da tese, aliás, o principal, é buscar evidências que corroborem as premissas da Teoria dos Torneios de Promoção (Tournaments), elaborada por Edward Lazear e Sherwin Rosen (1981), em organizações religiosas. O problema se baseou na investigação do mercado interno de trabalho da Igreja Católica no que concerne à seleção e promoção de seus clérigos, recorrendo para isso ao seu Direito Canônico, na tentativa de identificar elementos que corroborassem ou evidenciassem os pressupostos da Teoria dos Torneios de Promoção nos documentos pesquisados, sendo o mais importante e fundamental o Código de Direito Canônico (CDC) de 1983. A legislação canônica suplementar também foi utilizada. Buscou-se investigar de que modo esses documentos normativos incorporam esquemas de incentivos para regular a hierarquia católica de ordem e de jurisdição, bem como a seleção e promoção de seus clérigos, sob a ótica de Torneios de Promoção. Estudando-se os Cânones do CDC e outros documentos de direito canônico, foram encontrados vários elementos que dão suporte à afirmação de que, de fato, existem evidências dos pressupostos de Tournaments naqueles esquemas, no que concerne à escolha e sistema promocional de clérigos católicos. / This thesis has two objectives: the first is the evidence, based on the literature of Religious Economics, the premise of human rationality related to religious behavior. With this objective, was carried out a discussion of the theoretical fundamentals of Religious Economics: the Rational Choice, Consumer Theory applied to the Religion, Gary Becker`s model of domestic production and the Theory of the Religious Market. Some of the main theoretical models of Religious Economics are discussed, mentioning, whenever possible, the empirical evidence that appears in the literature. As a way of contributing to the discussion in this area, econometric models of survey analysis with data of two items of theoretical research presented, such as Azzi-Ehremberg and that of Durkin Greeley (1991): the 1988 National Research per Address Sample, applied by the IBGE and, the Brazilian Social Research (PESB) done in 2004 by the FGV Opiniao. An important prediction, related to the Religious Market Theory, one of the bases of the Rational Religious Choice Theory, is that, the larger it is, on one side, the degree of government regulation in this market, on the other hand, is lower the degree of competition of religious organizations, religious pluralism and, consequently, the level of religious participation. According to the Theory of the Religious Market, similarly to other markets, the state intervention causes, in the religious market, sub-optimal allocations of scarce resources, production inefficiency and restriction in the diversity of goods and religious services offered to the consumers by the religious organizations. The second aim of this Thesis, albeit the main one, is to find evidence, which corroborates the premises of the Theory of the Promotion Tournaments, elaborated by Edward Lazear and Sherwin Rosen (1981), in religious organizations. The problem was based on the investigation of the internal working market of the of the Roman Catholic Church, in what concerns the selection and promotion of its clergy, using the Canon Law, in the intent of identifying elements which corroborate or put into evidence the presumption of the Promotion Tournament Theory in the researched documents, being the most important and fundamental the 1983 Canon Law Code. The supplementary canon legislation was also used. It was investigated in what way those normative documents, incorporate incentive schemes in order to regulate the catholic hierarchy, of order and of jurisdiction as well as the selection and promotion of its clergy, under the optics of Promotion Tournaments. Studying the canons of the Canon Law Code and other canon law documents, several elements were found that give support to the affirmation that, in fact, there is evidence of the presupposition of the Tournaments in those schemes, as regards the choice and promotional system of Catholic clerics.

Esta tese tem dois objetivos: O primeiro é evidenciar, com base na literatura de Economia da Religião, a premissa de racionalidade humana relativa ao comportamento religioso. Com esse objetivo, realiza-se uma discussão dos fundamentos teóricos da Economia da Religião: a Escolha Racional, a Teoria do Consumidor aplicada à religião, o modelo de produção doméstica de Gary Becker e a Teoria do Mercado Religioso. Também se apresenta e se discute alguns dos principais modelos teóricos da Economia da Religião, citando, sempre que possível as evidências empíricas existentes na literatura. Como meio de contribuir para a discussão nessa área, são aplicados modelos econométricos de análise de survey com dados de duas pesquisas para dois dos modelos teóricos apresentados, o de Azzi-Ehremberg e o de Durkin Greeley (1991): Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domícilios (PNAD) de 1988, aplicada pelo IBGE, e Pesquisa Social Brasileira (PESB) de 2004, realizada pela FGV Opinião. Uma predição importante relacionada à Teoria do Mercado Religioso, um dos fundamentos da Teoria da Escolha Racional da Religião, é que quanto maior for, de um lado, o grau de regulação governamental neste mercado, por outro serão menores o grau de competição das organizações religiosas, o pluralismo religioso e, conseqüentemente, o nível de participação religiosa. Segundo a Teoria do Mercado Religioso, de modo semelhante a outros mercados, a intervenção estatal provoca, no mercado religioso, alocações subótimas de recursos escassos, ineficiência na produção e restrição na diversidade de bens e serviços religiosos ofertados aos consumidores pelas organizações religiosas. O segundo objetivo da tese, aliás, o principal, é buscar evidências que corroborem as premissas da Teoria dos Torneios de Promoção (Tournaments), elaborada por Edward Lazear e Sherwin Rosen (1981), em organizações religiosas. O problema se baseou na investigação do mercado interno de trabalho da Igreja Católica no que concerne à seleção e promoção de seus clérigos, recorrendo para isso ao seu Direito Canônico, na tentativa de identificar elementos que corroborassem ou evidenciassem os pressupostos da Teoria dos Torneios de Promoção nos documentos pesquisados, sendo o mais importante e fundamental o Código de Direito Canônico (CDC) de 1983. A legislação canônica suplementar também foi utilizada. Buscou-se investigar de que modo esses documentos normativos incorporam esquemas de incentivos para regular a hierarquia católica de ordem e de jurisdição, bem como a seleção e promoção de seus clérigos, sob a ótica de Torneios de Promoção. Estudando-se os Cânones do CDC e outros documentos de direito canônico, foram encontrados vários elementos que dão suporte à afirmação de que, de fato, existem evidências dos pressupostos de Tournaments naqueles esquemas, no que concerne à escolha e sistema promocional de clérigos católicos. / This thesis has two objectives: the first is the evidence, based on the literature of Religious Economics, the premise of human rationality related to religious behavior. With this objective, was carried out a discussion of the theoretical fundamentals of Religious Economics: the Rational Choice, Consumer Theory applied to the Religion, Gary Becker`s model of domestic production and the Theory of the Religious Market. Some of the main theoretical models of Religious Economics are discussed, mentioning, whenever possible, the empirical evidence that appears in the literature. As a way of contributing to the discussion in this area, econometric models of survey analysis with data of two items of theoretical research presented, such as Azzi-Ehremberg and that of Durkin Greeley (1991): the 1988 National Research per Address Sample, applied by the IBGE and, the Brazilian Social Research (PESB) done in 2004 by the FGV Opiniao. An important prediction, related to the Religious Market Theory, one of the bases of the Rational Religious Choice Theory, is that, the larger it is, on one side, the degree of government regulation in this market, on the other hand, is lower the degree of competition of religious organizations, religious pluralism and, consequently, the level of religious participation. According to the Theory of the Religious Market, similarly to other markets, the state intervention causes, in the religious market, sub-optimal allocations of scarce resources, production inefficiency and restriction in the diversity of goods and religious services offered to the consumers by the religious organizations. The second aim of this Thesis, albeit the main one, is to find evidence, which corroborates the premises of the Theory of the Promotion Tournaments, elaborated by Edward Lazear and Sherwin Rosen (1981), in religious organizations. The problem was based on the investigation of the internal working market of the of the Roman Catholic Church, in what concerns the selection and promotion of its clergy, using the Canon Law, in the intent of identifying elements which corroborate or put into evidence the presumption of the Promotion Tournament Theory in the researched documents, being the most important and fundamental the 1983 Canon Law Code. The supplementary canon legislation was also used. It was investigated in what way those normative documents, incorporate incentive schemes in order to regulate the catholic hierarchy, of order and of jurisdiction as well as the selection and promotion of its clergy, under the optics of Promotion Tournaments. Studying the canons of the Canon Law Code and other canon law documents, several elements were found that give support to the affirmation that, in fact, there is evidence of the presupposition of the Tournaments in those schemes, as regards the choice and promotional system of Catholic clerics.

abstract: Speculation regarding interstate conflict is of great concern to many, if not, all people. As such, forecasting interstate conflict has been an interest to experts, scholars, government officials, and concerned citizens. Presently, there are two approaches to the problem of conflict forecasting with divergent results. The first tends to use a bird’s eye view with big data to forecast actions while missing the intimate details of the groups it is studying. The other opts for more grounded details of cultural meaning and interpretation, yet struggles in the realm of practical application for forecasting. While outlining issues with both approaches, an important question surfaced: are actions causing interpretations and/or are the interpretations driving actions? In response, the Theory of Narrative Conflict (TNC) is proposed to begin answering these questions. To properly address the complexity of forecasting and of culture, TNC draws from a number of different sources, including narrative theory, systems theory, nationalism, and the expression of these in strategic communication. As a case study, this dissertation examines positions of both the U.S. and China in the South and East China Seas over five years. Methodologically, this dissertation demonstrates the benefit of content analysis to identify local narratives and both stabilizing and destabilizing events contained in thousands of news articles over a five-year period. Additionally, the use of time series and a Markov analysis both demonstrate usefulness in forecasting. Theoretically, TNC displays the usefulness of narrative theory to forecast both actions driven by narrative and common interpretations after events. Practically, this dissertation demonstrates that current efforts in the U.S. and China have not resulted in an increased understanding of the other country. Neither media giant demonstrates the capacity to be critical of their own national identity and preferred interpretation of world affairs. In short, the battle for the hearts and minds of foreign persons should be challenged. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication Studies 2017

Esta tese tem dois objetivos: O primeiro é evidenciar, com base na literatura de Economia da Religião, a premissa de racionalidade humana relativa ao comportamento religioso. Com esse objetivo, realiza-se uma discussão dos fundamentos teóricos da Economia da Religião: a Escolha Racional, a Teoria do Consumidor aplicada à religião, o modelo de produção doméstica de Gary Becker e a Teoria do Mercado Religioso. Também se apresenta e se discute alguns dos principais modelos teóricos da Economia da Religião, citando, sempre que possível as evidências empíricas existentes na literatura. Como meio de contribuir para a discussão nessa área, são aplicados modelos econométricos de análise de survey com dados de duas pesquisas para dois dos modelos teóricos apresentados, o de Azzi-Ehremberg e o de Durkin Greeley (1991): Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domícilios (PNAD) de 1988, aplicada pelo IBGE, e Pesquisa Social Brasileira (PESB) de 2004, realizada pela FGV Opinião. Uma predição importante relacionada à Teoria do Mercado Religioso, um dos fundamentos da Teoria da Escolha Racional da Religião, é que quanto maior for, de um lado, o grau de regulação governamental neste mercado, por outro serão menores o grau de competição das organizações religiosas, o pluralismo religioso e, conseqüentemente, o nível de participação religiosa. Segundo a Teoria do Mercado Religioso, de modo semelhante a outros mercados, a intervenção estatal provoca, no mercado religioso, alocações subótimas de recursos escassos, ineficiência na produção e restrição na diversidade de bens e serviços religiosos ofertados aos consumidores pelas organizações religiosas. O segundo objetivo da tese, aliás, o principal, é buscar evidências que corroborem as premissas da Teoria dos Torneios de Promoção (Tournaments), elaborada por Edward Lazear e Sherwin Rosen (1981), em organizações religiosas. O problema se baseou na investigação do mercado interno de trabalho da Igreja Católica no que concerne à seleção e promoção de seus clérigos, recorrendo para isso ao seu Direito Canônico, na tentativa de identificar elementos que corroborassem ou evidenciassem os pressupostos da Teoria dos Torneios de Promoção nos documentos pesquisados, sendo o mais importante e fundamental o Código de Direito Canônico (CDC) de 1983. A legislação canônica suplementar também foi utilizada. Buscou-se investigar de que modo esses documentos normativos incorporam esquemas de incentivos para regular a hierarquia católica de ordem e de jurisdição, bem como a seleção e promoção de seus clérigos, sob a ótica de Torneios de Promoção. Estudando-se os Cânones do CDC e outros documentos de direito canônico, foram encontrados vários elementos que dão suporte à afirmação de que, de fato, existem evidências dos pressupostos de Tournaments naqueles esquemas, no que concerne à escolha e sistema promocional de clérigos católicos. / This thesis has two objectives: the first is the evidence, based on the literature of Religious Economics, the premise of human rationality related to religious behavior. With this objective, was carried out a discussion of the theoretical fundamentals of Religious Economics: the Rational Choice, Consumer Theory applied to the Religion, Gary Becker`s model of domestic production and the Theory of the Religious Market. Some of the main theoretical models of Religious Economics are discussed, mentioning, whenever possible, the empirical evidence that appears in the literature. As a way of contributing to the discussion in this area, econometric models of survey analysis with data of two items of theoretical research presented, such as Azzi-Ehremberg and that of Durkin Greeley (1991): the 1988 National Research per Address Sample, applied by the IBGE and, the Brazilian Social Research (PESB) done in 2004 by the FGV Opiniao. An important prediction, related to the Religious Market Theory, one of the bases of the Rational Religious Choice Theory, is that, the larger it is, on one side, the degree of government regulation in this market, on the other hand, is lower the degree of competition of religious organizations, religious pluralism and, consequently, the level of religious participation. According to the Theory of the Religious Market, similarly to other markets, the state intervention causes, in the religious market, sub-optimal allocations of scarce resources, production inefficiency and restriction in the diversity of goods and religious services offered to the consumers by the religious organizations. The second aim of this Thesis, albeit the main one, is to find evidence, which corroborates the premises of the Theory of the Promotion Tournaments, elaborated by Edward Lazear and Sherwin Rosen (1981), in religious organizations. The problem was based on the investigation of the internal working market of the of the Roman Catholic Church, in what concerns the selection and promotion of its clergy, using the Canon Law, in the intent of identifying elements which corroborate or put into evidence the presumption of the Promotion Tournament Theory in the researched documents, being the most important and fundamental the 1983 Canon Law Code. The supplementary canon legislation was also used. It was investigated in what way those normative documents, incorporate incentive schemes in order to regulate the catholic hierarchy, of order and of jurisdiction as well as the selection and promotion of its clergy, under the optics of Promotion Tournaments. Studying the canons of the Canon Law Code and other canon law documents, several elements were found that give support to the affirmation that, in fact, there is evidence of the presupposition of the Tournaments in those schemes, as regards the choice and promotional system of Catholic clerics.