Introdução A partir da pergunta de partida Que fatores levaram um partido de origem socialista a optar por uma gerência terceirizada na Saúde? procurou-se analisar a parceria de um Órgão Público com o Terceiro Setor, para gerenciar um hospital regional, definindo-se, como objeto, o caso do Hospital Regional do Juruá, Acre, no início do século XXI. Objetivo Analisar as implicações do gerenciamento terceirizado de um hospital público e a política pública de saúde no Acre, no início do século XXI, sob governos hegemonizados pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores. Método estudo de metodologia qualitativa, utilizou um estudo de caso, onde foram realizadas revisão de bibliografia, análise documental e coleta de dados empíricos. A população de referência foi constituída por gestores, trabalhadores e usuários do SUS. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa documental e de entrevista com roteiro. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi sistematizado com o auxílio da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Posteriormente, foi triangulado com os dados oriundos da pesquisa documental. A análise final utilizou a Teoria da Escolha Racional. Resultados As transformações ocorridas no mundo desde a década de 1980 atingiram o PT na sua trajetória e o colocaram diante da escolha de maximizar votos para chegar ao poder, optando por ampliar suas alianças e fazendo uma virada ideológica pragmática. No Acre, a eleição da Frente Popular representou uma ruptura com o sistema político local inaugurando um projeto de Poder de longo prazo. A Saúde Pública foi bastante impactada, resultando num serviço de melhor qualidade, reconhecido pela população. Os governos agiram racionalmente para maximizar o apoio político, tomando decisões eficientemente planejadas para alcançar os fins econômicos e políticos desejados. Dentre essas escolhas, esteve a decisão de firmar parceria com o Terceiro Setor para gerenciar um hospital de referência regional. Conclusões A contradição inicial de um governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores em utilizar o modelo de terceirização para gerir um hospital público foi explicada através das escolhas racionais feitas pelos seus governos diante das alternativas colocadas, analisando-se as várias condições que dificultavam o funcionamento de um hospital numa localidade geograficamente isolada. Entretanto, a lógica da parceria com o Terceiro Setor foi naturalizada, favorecendo a acomodação dos interesses das partes envolvidas, e consolidando-se como permanente / Introduction From the starting question \"What factors led a party of socialist origin to opt for outsourced management in Health?\" sought to analyze the partnership of a Public Organ with the Third Sector, to manage a regional hospital, defining, as object, the case of the Hospital Regional do Juruá , Acre, at the beginning of the 21st century. Objective To analyze the implications of outsourced management of a public hospital and public health policy in Acre at the beginning of the 21st century under governments hegemonized by the Partido dos Trabalhadores. Method Study of qualitative methodology, used a case study, where they were carried out review of bibliography, documentary analysis and empirical data collection. The reference population was made up of SUS managers, workers and users. The data were obtained through documentary research and interview with script. The content of the interviews was systematized with the help of the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Subsequently, it was triangulated with data from documentary research. The final analysis used the Rational Choice Theory. Results The transformations that have occurred in the world since the 1980s have reached the PT in its trajectory and have placed it before the choice of maximizing votes to reach power, opting to broaden its alliances and making a pragmatic ideological turn. In Acre, the Popular Front election represented a break with the local political system inaugurating a long-term power project. Public Health was very impacted, resulting in a better quality service, recognized by the population. Governments acted rationally to maximize political support by making efficiently planned decisions to achieve the desired economic and political ends. Among these choices was the decision to establish a partnership with the Third Sector to manage a regional reference hospital. Conclusions The initial contradiction of a Partido dos Trabalhadores government in using the outsourcing model to run a public hospital was explained through the rational choices made by its governments in the face of the alternatives placed by analyzing the various conditions that hindered the operation of a hospital in a Locally geographically isolated. However, the logic of the partnership with the Third Sector was naturalized, favoring the accommodation of the interests of the parties involved, and consolidating as permanent

The military has an important role in peace and development work. Having skilled, experienced and knowledgeable personnel on peace-promoting missions abroad is crucial to ensure the missions success. A consequence of attrition is that military organizations lose valuable skills, experiences and qualities of service members. Preventing attrition is essential to maintain readiness, morale and knowledge. It also has a positive impact on peacekeeping missions, humanitarian relief and interactions with civil society. Current research on attrition has focused on early attrition; separation that occurs before a full term of service. It has focused on pre-enlistment factors of individuals that would make them less suitable to remain in the military. Current research has looked at attrition among all branches of the United States military. The focus of this thesis is to identify the main reasons for attrition among enlisted United States Marines. Focus is on the effect dissatisfaction of service and civilian opportunities has on attrition. It will also identify areas in need of improvement to prevent attrition. This research is a qualitative field study taken with an abductive approach. The main method of data collection was in-depth semi-structured interviews with active and retired U.S Marines, on site in North Carolina. The theory used to analyze the results is the Rational Choice-Theory, an individualistic theory that focus on individual’s actions and the values and beliefs shaping the action. Dissatisfaction because of bad leadership, military structures, long days of work and lack of motivation affected attrition. Civilian opportunities such as college and spending more time with family also played a part in the decision-making regarding reenlistment. Among the Marines, dissatisfaction arising from long-term issues was the factor that affected attrition the most. Civilian opportunities were in some cases the last pull needed to leave service. The findings can assist in making changes that will have a positive effect on the Marines. It can encourage Marines to pursue a longer military career, and hence keep valuable skills and experiences. These Marines can then continue to do important work within the peace and development field.

<p>The aim of this paper is to explain how the European Union’s common strategy for theCommon Foreign- and Security Policy (CFSP) will change with the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon. A comparative case study and qualitative method is used. On the basis of Smith’s theory of institutionalization we will analyze two member states: France and Denmark. Our aim is to see which standpoints these countries have taken concerning the CFSP. We have chosen, in order to analyse the inner and outer factors, to use the liberal intergovernmental “two level game” theory as a theoretical approach. The purpose of the CFSP is to gradually increase the sovereign states’ foreign policy cooperation. The aim of the CFSP is to become an international visible and active player that represents the people of the European Union. At the moment the CFSP is an intergovernmental part of the EU, however there are presentiments that this will change and that CFSP will achieve supranationality. In conclusion, the results of the case study shows that Denmark is aiming for the CFSP cooperation to remain on an intergovernmental platform. France is aiming toward supranationality and a stronger cooperation within the CFSP. In time, with the full implementation of the CFSP, the EU will be able to compete on a global platform.</p>

La corruzione negli appalti pubblici ha sempre destato particolare interesse. Nondimeno, un’attenta analisi della letteratura di settore dimostra come scarsa attenzione sia stata dedicata allo studio delle scelte strategiche adottate da corrotti e corruttori nel mentre decidono come pagare la tangente, come identificare il partner dell’accordo corruttivo, come contattarlo, come gestire le trattative, come raggiungere i propri obiettivi e come proteggersi da inadempimenti e tradimenti. Questa tesi si propone di studiare tali strategie, applicando per la prima volta in questo settore una particolare metodologia detta della script analysis, al fine di rispondere alle seguenti domande: come avvengono gli accordi corruttivi nel settore degli appalti pubblici? Quali sono le tattiche e i modi operandi adottati da corrotti e corruttori? Quali sono i “passaggi” necessari per la conclusione di accordi corruttivi? Come possono essere spiegati? Quali sono gli elementi che “facilitano” i protagonisti del pactum sceleris? Dopo aver passato in rassegna la letteratura (capitolo 1) ed illustrato la metodologia adottata (capitolo 2), la tesi risponde alle domande della ricerca, individuando i singoli passaggi dell’accordo corruttivo, soffermandosi sulle procedure adottate (capitolo 3) fino a circoscrivere e commentare gli elementi facilitatori (capitolo 4) nell’incontro tra domanda e offerta di utilitas. / Despite the growing concern over corruption in public procurement, there is little knowledge regarding the corruption-commission process. Scant attention has been paid to the event-decisions of corrupt agents in order to explore how an agent decides to pay, how he identifies his partner, how he contacts him, how he negotiates with him, how he manages to achieve his goal, and how he protects himself against “lemons”. The aim of this thesis is to understand the corruption-commission process by using crime script analysis to delve into the event-decisions of corrupt agents. Therefore, within the Italian context, this thesis seeks to answer the following research questions: how do corrupt deals in public procurement take place? What are the tactics, dynamics and the modi operandi of corrupt agents? What are the steps of corruption-commission in the specific area of public procurement? How can these steps be explained? What are the facilitators of corruption-commission? After the relevant literature has been reviewed (Chapter 1) and the methodology has been discussed (chapter 2), the results of the research are presented in chapters 3 and 4, where the procedural aspects and the procedural requirements of the crime are presented and discussed. Some concluding remarks close the thesis.

The aim of this thesis was to study elderly people’s experiences of and approach to their usage of home care services with tax deduction. The aim was also to describe how elderly people reason about their underlying motives of using home care service with tax deduction. The study is based on six qualitative interviews with people between the ages of 65 and 80, living in Nacka, Sweden. This thesis is a collaboration with Stiftelsen Stockholms läns Äldrecentrum/ Stockholm Gerontology Center and part of their follow up study concerning simplified administration for elderly people applying for home care services in Nacka. The theory of rational choice was used in the analysis of the results. The primary results showed that elderly people’s usage of home care services with tax deduction was limited though regular and consist mainly of basic domestic work. The overall experiences of using home care services with tax deduction were positive and described in terms of satisfaction and as a possibility of independence and influence regarding their needs of services and how they were executed. The results indicate that the usage of home care services with tax deduction is partly based on elderly people’s lack of confidence in publicly-financed elderly care. Due to the distrust in elderly care and the self-determing factors home care services with tax deduction generated, their choice of using home care services with tax deduction seemed more appealing than publicly-financed home care services.

The aim of this paper is to explain how the European Union’s common strategy for theCommon Foreign- and Security Policy (CFSP) will change with the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon. A comparative case study and qualitative method is used. On the basis of Smith’s theory of institutionalization we will analyze two member states: France and Denmark. Our aim is to see which standpoints these countries have taken concerning the CFSP. We have chosen, in order to analyse the inner and outer factors, to use the liberal intergovernmental “two level game” theory as a theoretical approach. The purpose of the CFSP is to gradually increase the sovereign states’ foreign policy cooperation. The aim of the CFSP is to become an international visible and active player that represents the people of the European Union. At the moment the CFSP is an intergovernmental part of the EU, however there are presentiments that this will change and that CFSP will achieve supranationality. In conclusion, the results of the case study shows that Denmark is aiming for the CFSP cooperation to remain on an intergovernmental platform. France is aiming toward supranationality and a stronger cooperation within the CFSP. In time, with the full implementation of the CFSP, the EU will be able to compete on a global platform.

The succession is Taiwan's in 1986 (75 years) under the martial law authority system, the aboriginality democratic progressive party's in at the end of fall the beginning of winter (9/28) date, just happene to meet atthat time the Kuomintang being in power authority ountedscout densely covered with under the atmosphere which withered finally to establish. This is the organizational structure which loose has notoperated the rudder from non-party time each place enters into officiallyby the central party committee political party essence institution operation start, previously like the mushroom growth various places non-partyorganization also one after another one after another reformed the beingestablished development, and by place standing organization institution(party committee) the state has opened in our country democraticinstitutions the party politics competition. Democratic progressive party place county municipal party headquarters party duty director is situated the strategic point, actually the political party stationing in various places county city party organization institution's actual person in charge, has the strong party spirit and theshoulder political party develops the place politics domain the mission,and holds superiority of the county municipal party headquarters partyresources utilization.The present paper the theory surface which will study by heavy practice surface matching analyzes it, place county municipal party headquarters party duty director will have the system stable really tobe supposed take Democratic Progressive Party's in system lengthwisesection and the non-system surface cross section of as the elaboration axlecenter. System surface: Such as the place party committee sets up the means, the county municipal party headquarters organizes the regulations, the party duty personnel to elect the means, the county municipal party headquarters fourth, five kind of public official elects the nominationmeans or the party member year to year party dues captures depth contents and so on the means and financial control rule, has the system by viewparty duty director to stabilize rests on what. Non-system surface: Then iscontinual by the cross section, such as and pocket party member wealthyand powerful family (foot of pile) transportation and maintenance, rulingcounty city and non-ruling county city time party duty director and countymayor like for same clique either homogeneity of or difference non-sameclique its interaction situation or the role acting why? But other each kindof public service mover or is the coordination also can accept regardingthe party duty director's direction? Furthermore, with for the party dutynational party representative, the county city party members representsand holds comments committee member to link party duty director to havethe system to have what influence and the subtle relations stably. Moreover, these perform its own functions each kind of party duty mover duty department revises the rules and regulations in particular thenational party representative nearly has also not acted must revise changesparty duty director to have the system.If is by the view, above these manymay affect party duty director to produce the system party duty moverreally little to change this system the fact result, is opposite by the word,but ¡§the rational choice system theory¡¨ the viewpoint not also talliesappears party duty director to have the system stable relative most majorcharacteristic even more suddenly. Your in the recent several dozens years, no matter is the East and West world national laws and regulations or the article, also perhaps in anynational big enterprise, the small organization or the political party and the association and so on, its internal custom, the means or the main point, allseek the change and between the transformation activation voice in onepiece, but noisy changes changes does not have set of flawless full easy touse well-mannered systems to be satisfying. In this, production of take thedemocratic progressive party place party duty director as the example,strengthens the system stable invariable usability, even more may verify isthe question which the system custom transforms, but is the stable systemperformer or the influence system stable mover, all takes it by the rationalchoice to oneself's advantageous, determinism and may grasp on fairly,fair, openness, urges place party duty director to have the system stably toexist truly.

Die Arbeit macht es sich zur Aufgabe, die mitunter exklusiven Anwendungsbereiche der verschiedenen Theorien des Wahlverhaltens zu überwinden, um die unterschiedlichen Wählermotive zu einem einheitlichen Bild aneinander zu fügen. Auf dem Fundament etablierter Theorien der Wahlforschung wird ein integratives Erklärungsmodelle entworfen, das das individuelle Wahlverhalten in seinen vielfältigen Facetten erfasst und eine systematische Gewichtung der einzelnen determinierenden Faktoren erlaubt.

L’obiettivo principale di questa tesi è di analizzare l’origine ed evoluzione della dimensione esterna della politica migratoria dell’Unione Europea. Attraverso un framework teorico che coniuga la letteratura sui ‘new modes of governance’ con quella riguardante il ‘rational-choice institutionalism’, questa tesi si propone di analizzare il sistema di governance in tre settori politici che rientrano nell’ambito della dimensione esterna: politica di riammissione, controlli esterni alle frontiere, e cooperazione con Paesi terzi concernente la gestione della migrazione legale. Sulla base delle premesse teoriche sopra indicate, questa tesi avanza due conclusioni principali. In primo luogo, si sostiene che l’evoluzione del sistema di governance nei tre casi presi in considerazione, lungi dal seguire un percorso lineare verso una sempre maggiore comunitarizzazione, ha al contrario dato luogo a sistemi di governance ‘ibridi’, che combinano cioè elementi vincolanti tipici del metodo comunitario con elementi caratteristici dei “new modes of governance”, incentrati sull’uso di soft law. In secondo luogo, si evidenzia il ruolo centrale rivestito dagli Stati Membri nello sviluppare tali sistemi di governance in accordo con due obiettivi prioritari: limitare l’autonomia delle istituzioni sovranazionali all’interno del processo decisionale e plasmare i risultati di tali politiche in accordo con le preferenze degli stessi Stati Membri. / The central aim of this thesis is to provide an account of the origin and evolution of the external dimension of EU migration policy. By means of a theoretical framework that combines new modes of governance and rational-choice institutionalism, this thesis analyses the systems of governance of three policy areas falling within the external dimension: readmission policy, external border controls and cooperation with third countries in the field of legal migration. On the basis of such theoretical premises, two central arguments are advanced. First of all, it is argued that the evolution of the system of governance in the three cases, far from following a linear path towards communitarization, has resulted in the adoption of mixed systems featuring both 'old' modes of governance in line with the traditional Community Method and 'new’ modes based on soft-law and non-binding commitments. Secondly, this thesis underlines the central role played by the Member States in devising those governance mechanisms in order to fulfil two main objectives: limiting the discretion of EU supranational institutions in the decision-making process and shaping policy outcomes according to their preferred policy options.

Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2007. / Literaturverz. S. [267] - 304.