xi, 87 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The purpose of this dissertation study was to adapt, deliver, and experimentally test the effectiveness of a research-based, employment-focused group counseling intervention (OPTIONS) that was designed to improve male inmates' ability to secure employment upon release from prison. The intervention curriculum and study were modeled after similar interventions with battered (Chronister & McWhirter, 2006) and incarcerated women (Chartrand & Rose, 1996). The OPTIONS program was grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 2000) and comprised of all critical intervention components identified as contributing to positive career intervention outcomes (Brown & Krane, 2000). In addition, the OPTIONS intervention consisted of 5 weekly group sessions, which lasted 120 minutes, and each group was comprised of 6-7 male inmates. The intervention focused on various aspects of the job preparation process such as identifying necessary skills, obtaining information about different types of jobs, practicing for job interviews, and learning how to utilize social support. Study participants included 77 (n = 38 treatment, n = 39 control) adult male inmates housed at the Oregon Department of Corrections medium security release facility, the Oregon State Correctional Institute (OSCI) in Salem, OR. This study utilized a randomized block design, with between subjects and within subjects measurements at pretest, posttest, and one month follow-up. Participants were blocked based upon age and release date, and then randomly assigned to a wait-list treatment as usual control group or the OPTIONS treatment intervention group. Outcomes measured were job search self-efficacy (Career Search Self-Efficacy Scale, Solberg, Good, & Nord, 1994), perceived problem solving ability (Problem Solving Inventory, Heppner, 1988), and hopefulness (Hope Scale, Snyder et al., 1991). Data were analyzed using 2 (experimental group) x 2 (time) analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Results indicated that participants in the OPTIONS treatment intervention had higher career-search self-efficacy, problem solving, and hopefulness scores at posttest and follow-up than participants in the treatment as usual control group. This dissertation study was the first time a manualized, theory based employment preparation treatment intervention was adapted specifically for inmates preparing to release back to the community. / Committee in charge: Linda Forrest, Chairperson, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Krista Chronister, Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Deanne Unruh, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Robert 0 Brien, Outside Member, Sociology

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com sujeitos jovens e adultos privados de liberdade, reincidentes, com pelo menos metade da pena cumprida na Penitenciária de Benguela/Angola. Teve como foco a compreensão do sentido atribuído por esses sujeitos à experiência de ser preso reincidente, percebendo como experienciam o programa de reeducação do sistema prisional local. Os fundamentos teóricos da investigação basearam-se em autores que discutem a realidade da prisão; o direito à educação de pessoas em espaços de privação de liberdade; e a situação histórica de Angola, marcada pela longa guerra civil, após a Independência que a livrou do colonialismo do governo português, por tantos anos. Autores angolanos contribuíram para o desvelamento dessa condição histórica, e vários brasileiros foram fundamentais para compreender a temática relativa à prisão. O tema tornou-se relevante entre pesquisadores na academia brasileira, provocados em grande parte por acordos internacionais sobre direitos humanos e, especialmente, sobre o direito à educação de pessoas jovens e adultas em espaços de privação de liberdade. O balizamento brasileiro e internacional serviu para avaliar como o Estado angolano se porta diante desse direito, e de que forma atende (ou não) o preceituado nas prisões angolanas, sendo signatário de acordos internacionais. A investigação pode ser considerada um estudo de caso qualitativo, cuja recolha de informações utilizou observação, entrevistas e questionários que geraram dados quantitativos. Estes resultaram de questionários aplicados a dez reeducadores dos serviços prisionais e a 26 reclusos reincidentes, entre os quais 23 do sexo masculino e três do sexo feminino, todos não identificados. As entrevistas realizadas se fizeram desde o diretor da instituição penal ao responsável provincial da reeducação; ouviram o responsável pela área de segurança do presídio, um advogado de presos e a mãe de um dos reclusos reincidentes. Problemas de ordem política, econômica, social, assim como o fator guerra que acompanhou toda a história de Angola (1975-2002) contribuíram, em grande parte, para que os sujeitos especialmente jovens cometessem delitos e sofressem a privação da liberdade. No dizer dos sujeitos, a expectativa de mudança de vida se põe na volta à escola e no aprendizado de uma profissão no que depositam esperanças de que a cadeia possa contribuir, para que a sociedade os discrimine menos, porque egressos do sistema penitenciário de Angola. / This work results from research carried out with young and adult subjects deprived of their freedom and recidivists, having completed at least half of their sentence at the Benguela Penitentiary in Angola. It focuses on the understanding of meanings assigned by such subjects to their experience as recidivist prisoners, and its purpose is to capture their feelings about the local prison system re-education program. The theoretical foundations of the investigation was based on the ideas put forward by a selected number of authors involving the day-to-day reality of that prison, the right to education that should be granted to people in places where they are deprived of their freedom, and the historical background of Angola, a country marked by a long civil war following the independence which freed it from the many years of Portuguese colonialism. Some Angolan authors have contributed to unveiling this historical process, together with several Brazilian authors, who have made significant contributions to the understanding of the prison issue. The relevance of this theme for researchers in the Brazilian academic world was largely provoked by their sensibility to international agreements on human rights, particularly those related to the right to education of confined young and adult persons. This Brazilian and international support was an important factor in the assessment of the Angolan States behavior in relation to this right and to its positive (or negative) response to the principles upheld by the prisons in Angola, considering that Angola is a subscriber to international agreements. The investigation can be viewed as a qualitative case study which includes observation, interviews and questionnaires as well as data gathering strategies, in order to obtain quantitative data. The questionnaires were applied to 10 re-educators acting within the prison and 26 recidivist prisoners, 23 of which are male and 3 female, all of them anonymous. The interviews covered a large spectrum, from the director of the penal institution to the person responsible for education in the province. Others who were heard are the person responsible for the prison security area, a prisoners lawyer and the mother of one of the recidivist prisoners. Problems of a political, economic and social nature, as well as the war, which was present throughout the history of Angola (1975-2002), have been a strong motivation for the subjects, particularly the young ones, to indulge themselves in criminal actions, resulting in the deprivation of their freedom. As the subjects say, their hope for change is placed on their return to school as well as on vocational training. They also expect that the jail itself will help to reduce social discrimination against ex-prisoners

abstract: Although young males are still the primary perpetrators of juvenile crime, girls are increasingly coming into contact with the criminal justice system. While girls may have different pathways to crime and risks for recidivism than boys, their risk to reoffend is typically assessed using a gender-neutral tool that is based on social learning theory: a theory originally developed and tested on males. With the appropriateness of using gender-neutral tools to assess female criminality coming into question, a number of researchers have searched for a resolution. To date, mixed findings on the predictive validity of risk assessment tools have not provided any definitive answers. To help assess the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service Inventory, separate meta-analyses were conducted for male and female juvenile offenders using previous studies. The mean effect sizes were compared in order to determine whether the predictive validity is similar for both males and females. With the exception of violent recidivism, results indicate that the YLS/CMI works equally well for male and female offenders. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and correctional policy are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

abstract: Why do social perceivers use race to infer a target's propensity for criminal behavior and likelihood of re-offense? Life history theory proposes that the harshness and unpredictability of one's environment shapes individuals' behavior, with harsh and unpredictable ("desperate") ecologies inducing "fast" life history strategies (characterized by present-focused behaviors), and resource-sufficient and stable ("hopeful") ecologies inducing "slow" life history strategies (characterized by future-focused behaviors). Social perceivers have an implicit understanding of the ways in which ecology shapes behavior, and use cues to ecology to infer a target's likely life history strategy. Additionally, because race is confounded with ecology in the United States, American perceivers use race as a heuristic cue to ecology, stereotyping Black individuals as possessing faster life history strategies than White individuals. In the current project, I proposed that many race stereotypes about propensity for criminality and recidivism actually reflect inferences of life history strategy, and thus track beliefs about the behavioral effects of ecology, rather than race. In a series of three studies, I explored the relationship between ecology, race, and perceptions of criminal behavior. Participants in each experiment were recruited through an online marketplace. Findings indicated that (1) stereotypes regarding likelihood to engage in specific crimes were largely driven by beliefs about the presumed ecology of the offender, rather than the offender's race, such that Black and White targets from desperate (and hopeful) ecologies were stereotyped as similarly likely (or unlikely) to commit a variety of crimes; (2) lay beliefs about recidivism predictors likewise reflected inferences of life history strategy, and thus also tracked ecology rather than race; (3) when evaluating whether to release a specific offender on parole, participants placed greater importance on ecology information as compared to race information in a point allocation task, and prioritized ecology information over race information in a ranking task. Taken together, these findings suggest that beliefs about criminality and recidivism may not be driven by race, per se, but instead reflect inferences of how one's ecology shapes behavior. Implications of these findings for understanding and reducing racial bias in the criminal justice system are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2017

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-07-04T17:51:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Karollina Silva Alencar - 2018.pdf: 2124171 bytes, checksum: bd5bac5e179c5157fad3446f6fd35f25 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-05T10:59:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Karollina Silva Alencar - 2018.pdf: 2124171 bytes, checksum: bd5bac5e179c5157fad3446f6fd35f25 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T10:59:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Karollina Silva Alencar - 2018.pdf: 2124171 bytes, checksum: bd5bac5e179c5157fad3446f6fd35f25 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The high level of crime, violence and recidivism reveal the Brazilian public security situation. The purpose of this study is to understand discourses about penitentiary recidivism in order to discuss the relationship between institution, subject and recidivism. A review of the literature and an open interview were carried out, in which six stories of recidivists were heard. The data was operationalized by Categorical Content Analysis. The dissertation is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, the arrest was presented as a concrete institution that updates force and power regimes of sovereignty and discipline diagrams. Then, in the second chapter, three categories of discourses were constructed based on the analysis of the data found in the literature, namely, the discourse of pathologization, the discourse of institutionalization and discourse of social exclusion. Such categories represent justifications for recidivism from the construction of truths about the recidivist subject and the prison institution. Finally, we present, in the third chapter, speeches elaborated from listening to repeat offenders. That justifies the recidivism through four categories: fatalism, revenge, institutionalization and ostentation. They are different behaviors that express answers to the incarceration situation and to the exercise of criminality. It is concluded that recidivism is multidetermined by social, political, economic, and subjective forces and, as such, it is constituted by conduct that profoundly structures the lives of subjects who have already passed through jail and, for different reasons, no longer distance their trajectories crime and prison institutions. / Os altos índices de criminalidade, violência e reincidência revelam a situação da segurança pública brasileira. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer discursos sobre a reincidência penitenciária para discutir a relação entre instituição, sujeito e reincidência. Realizaram-se revisão da literatura e entrevista aberta, em que foram ouvidas seis histórias de presidiários/as reincidentes. Os dados foram operacionalizados pela Análise de Conteúdo Categorial. A dissertação está estruturada em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, a prisão foi apresentada enquanto instituição concreta que atualiza regimes de força e poder dos diagramas de soberania e disciplina. No segundo capítulo, três categorias de discursos foram construídas a partir da análise dos dados encontrados na literatura, a saber, o discurso da patologização, o discurso da institucionalização e discurso da exclusão social. Tais categorias representam justificativas para a reincidência a partir da construção de verdades sobre o sujeito reincidente e a instituição prisional. Por fim, apresenta-se no terceiro capítulo, discursos elaborados a partir da escuta de presidiários/as reincidentes, que justificam a reincidência através de quatro categorias: fatalismo, vingança, institucionalização e ostentação. São diferentes condutas que expressam respostas à situação de encarceramento e ao exercício da criminalidade. Conclui-se que a reincidência é multideterminada por forças sociais, políticas, econômicas, subjetivas e, sendo assim, constitui-se por condutas que estruturam profundamente a vida de sujeitos que já passaram pelo cárcere e, por diferentes motivos, não mais distanciam suas trajetórias da criminalidade e das instituições prisionais.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-09-04T18:07:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Karollina Silva Alencar - 2018.pdf: 2287238 bytes, checksum: 165173acaa4a81122cce6e648a4cd0e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-05T11:19:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Karollina Silva Alencar - 2018.pdf: 2287238 bytes, checksum: 165173acaa4a81122cce6e648a4cd0e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T11:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Karollina Silva Alencar - 2018.pdf: 2287238 bytes, checksum: 165173acaa4a81122cce6e648a4cd0e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The high level of crime, violence and recidivism reveal the Brazilian public security situation. The purpose of this study is to understand discourses about penitentiary recidivism in order to discuss the relationship between institution, subject and recidivism. A review of the literature and an open interview were carried out, in which six stories of recidivists were heard. The data was operationalized by Categorical Content Analysis. The dissertation is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, the arrest was presented as a concrete institution that updates force and power regimes of sovereignty and discipline diagrams. Then, in the second chapter, three categories of discourses were constructed based on the analysis of the data found in the literature, namely, the discourse of pathologization, the discourse of institutionalization and discourse of social exclusion. Such categories represent justifications for recidivism from the construction of truths about the recidivist subject and the prison institution. Finally, we present, in the third chapter, speeches elaborated from listening to repeat offenders. That justifies the recidivism through four categories: fatalism, revenge, institutionalization and ostentation. They are different behaviors that express answers to the incarceration situation and to the exercise of criminality. It is concluded that recidivism is multidetermined by social, political, economic, and subjective forces and, as such, it is constituted by conduct that profoundly structures the lives of subjects who have already passed through jail and, for different reasons, no longer distance their trajectories crime and prison institutions. / Os altos índices de criminalidade, violência e reincidência revelam a situação da segurança pública brasileira. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer discursos sobre a reincidência penitenciária para discutir a relação entre instituição, sujeito e reincidência. Realizaram-se revisão da literatura e entrevista aberta, em que foram ouvidas seis histórias de presidiários/as reincidentes. Os dados foram operacionalizados pela Análise de Conteúdo Categorial. A dissertação está estruturada em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, a prisão foi apresentada enquanto instituição concreta que atualiza regimes de força e poder dos diagramas de soberania e disciplina. No segundo capítulo, três categorias de discursos foram construídas a partir da análise dos dados encontrados na literatura, a saber, o discurso da patologização, o discurso da institucionalização e discurso da exclusão social. Tais categorias representam justificativas para a reincidência a partir da construção de verdades sobre o sujeito reincidente e a instituição prisional. Por fim, apresenta-se no terceiro capítulo, discursos elaborados a partir da escuta de presidiários/as reincidentes, que justificam a reincidência através de quatro categorias: fatalismo, vingança, institucionalização e ostentação. São diferentes condutas que expressam respostas à situação de encarceramento e ao exercício da criminalidade. Conclui-se que a reincidência é multideterminada por forças sociais, políticas, econômicas, subjetivas e, sendo assim, constitui-se por condutas que estruturam profundamente a vida de sujeitos que já passaram pelo cárcere e, por diferentes motivos, não mais distanciam suas trajetórias da criminalidade e das instituições prisionais.

nÃo hà / A prisÃo como uma instituiÃÃo busca a reintegraÃÃo social e a prevenÃÃo da reincidÃncia, por meio de polÃticas sociais que procuram prevenir a exclusÃo social e a vulnerabilidade vivenciada pelos detentos. A personalidade, o histÃrico criminal, o suporte social para o crime e as cogniÃÃes antissociais, entre outras, desempenham papel central na conduta criminal. A reincidÃncia, por sua vez, à compreendida como indicador do sucesso/insucesso da reintegraÃÃo, porquanto se espera que o egresso do sistema prisional seja reintegrado à sociedade, e nÃo volte a cometer novos crimes. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetiva avaliar o risco de reincidÃncia criminal em internos do sistema penitenciÃrio, especificamente traÃar e comparar o perfil dos indivÃduos reincidentes e nÃo reincidentes, elaborar um Ãndice de avaliaÃÃo do risco de reincidÃncia, bem como comparar o risco de reincidÃncia entre homens e mulheres. Para tanto, serÃo utilizados os dados do Censo PenitenciÃrio do CearÃ, que contou com 12.040 participantes de estabelecimentos prisionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dois instrumentos, um bÃsico e outro ampliado. O questionÃrio bÃsico objetivou levantar o perfil biossociodemogrÃfico da populaÃÃo penitenciÃria, enquanto o instrumento ampliado incluiu variÃveis psicolÃgicas, sendo esse respondido por uma amostra representativa da populaÃÃo. A partir desses dados foram realizadas anÃlises de estatÃstica descritiva, teste de comparaÃÃo de mÃdias, alÃm da criaÃÃo de um Ãndice de avaliaÃÃo do risco de reincidÃncia. Os resultados delinearam o perfil dos indivÃduos que apresentavam histÃrico de reincidÃncia penitenciÃria e permitiram a comparaÃÃo com aqueles que nÃo apresentavam reincidÃncia penitenciÃria. A avaliaÃÃo do risco de reincidÃncia proporcionou a classificaÃÃo dos participantes em funÃÃo do risco, e posterior comparaÃÃo entre os nÃveis. Desse modo, espera-se influenciar uma sÃrie de polÃticas voltadas para a populaÃÃo penitenciÃria, alÃm de movimentar a comunidade cientÃfica, principalmente a brasileira, para a investigaÃÃo e intervenÃÃo no tocante a reincidÃncia criminal. / Prison as an institution aims social reintegration and the prevention of recidivism through social politics that search the prevention of social exclusion and the state of vulnerability. The personality, the criminal history, the social support for the crime and antisocial cognitions, among others, are central to the development of criminal conduct. Recidivism is seen as an indicator of success or failure of reintegration, therefore it is expected that the individual who left the prison gets reintegrated to society, not going back to commit another felony. Towards, this research aims to evaluate the risk of recidivism in inmates, specifically attempting to build and compare the recidivists and non-recidivistsâsprofile; to elaborate an index of evaluation of the risk of recidivism as well as to compare the risk of recidivism among men and women. To reach these purposes, data of the penitentiary census of Cearà is being used, counting with 12.040 participants in prison institutions. The data was collected by two instruments, a basic one and an extended one. The basic questionnaire aimed to make a survey of the biological, social and demographical profile of the inmates, whilst the extended aimed to trace the psychological and social profile of the incarcerated individual, as it was answered by a representative sample of the population. With this data analyses of descriptive statistics were done, also a test of average comparisons, as well as the development of an index of evaluation of the risk of recidivism. The results outlined the profile of individuals with a history of reentry and allowed comparison with those who did not present reentry. The recidivism risk assessment allowed the classification of the participants according to the risk, and subsequent comparison between the levels. Thus, it is hoped to influence a series of policies focused at the penitentiary population, besides moving the scientific community, mainly the Brazilian scientific community, to the investigation and intervention in the recidivism.

O presente estudo tem como objeto o modelo jurídico da reincidência, a ser analisado, na esteira da teoria tridimensional do Direito de Miguel Reale, em sua três dimensões - normativa, fática e axiológica. Serão pressupostos desta dissertação, além do tridimensionalismo concreto e dinâmico de Reale, a fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger que tem o Dasein como ser fundamentalmente livre, embora desde logo situado e a criminologia crítica, a qual, embora tenha superado o labelling approach em inúmeros aspectos, manteve o interesse deste em tomar como objeto o próprio funcionamento do sistema punitivo. Na dimensão normativa do modelo será exposto o instituto jurídico da reincidência e será feito o juízo de sua adequação constitucional, mormente com relação aos princípios do ne bis in idem, proporcionalidade e, principalmente, culpabilidade. Este guiará o estudo à dimensão fática do tema, em que serão vistos os principais aspectos da prática penal, sobretudo suas características de seletividade e estigmatização, com ênfase no ponto central de todo o sistema punitivo, a pena privativa de liberdade. A seguir, a dimensão axiológica do modelo da reincidência comportará a análise dos valores que subjazem à dimensão normativa, os positivados contextualizados na teoria dos fins da pena e os latentes, embora difundidos em todo o corpo social o medo e a construção dos inimigos da sociedade. Por fim, serão unidas as três dimensões do modelo, em sua interação dialética e complementar, a fim de que este se mostre em sua plenitude. / This dissertation focuses on the legal model of recidivism, to be analyzed, based on Miguel Reales Three-dimensional Theory of Law, in its normative, factual and axiological dimensions. The hypothesis behind this work is apart from Realess concrete and dynamic three-dimensionality Martin Heideggers existential analytic according to which the Dasein is a fundamentally free being, although situated from the beginning and the New Criminology that, despite surpassing the labelling approach in several aspects, kept its focus on taking the performance of the punitive system as an object of study. In the normative dimension of the model, the recidivisms legal provision and its constitutional compatibility will be discussed, with the latter being analyzed according to the legal principles of ne bis in idem, proportionality and culpability. The principle of culpability will guide the work to the factual dimension of the object, that will underlie the study of the most important aspects of the punitive system, such as its main characteristics of selectivity and stigmatization, with emphasis on the core of the whole punitive system, the imprisonment. Then, the third dimension of the model will base the discussion of the values that support the normative dimension, the legal presented in the theory of punishment and the latent, despite widespread through the social fabric the fear and the construction of societys enemies. In the end, the three dimensions of the model will be united, in their dialectic and complementary interaction, so that the model can fully reveal itself.

Killings by juvenile offenders have been a matter of concern in the United States since the 1980s. Although the rate of juvenile-perpetrated murders has been declining since the 1990s, it remains problematic, in that juvenile offenders account for approximately 10% of all homicide arrests. Research on recidivism of juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) is important, due to relatively short follow-up periods in prior studies and a recent Supreme Court ruling that struck down mandatory life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles convicted of murder. The present study was designed to explore long-term patterns of recidivism, and particularly violent recidivism, in a sample of 59 male JHOs from a Southeastern state who were prosecuted as adults for murder or attempted murder in the early 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Furthermore, the predictive utility of a juvenile homicide typology was analyzed, and the offenders who committed sexually-oriented murders were examined in-depth. The results indicated that close to 90% of released offenders have been rearrested during the 30-year follow-up period, and more than 60% have been rearrested for violent offenses. Five offenders completed (4 offenders) or attempted (1 offender) a new homicide. Out of 7 variables tested, race emerged as the only significant correlate of post-release violence. Release from prison, post-release arrests, and post-release violent offenses were not significantly related to the circumstances of the index homicide (crime-oriented v. conflict-oriented). The subsample of juvenile sexual homicide offenders (JSHOs) consisted of 8 offenders; 6 of them were released from prison, 4 were rearrested, and 3 were rearrested for violent offenses. None of the released JSHOs were arrested for a homicide or any sexually-related crimes. The implications of the findings for management of JHOs, the comparability of this study to prior studies, and directions for future research are discussed.

Criminological aspects of criminal recidivism The topic of this thesis are the criminological aspects of criminal recidivism and goal is to present a complete outline of some of the basic ideas related to the concept of criminal recidivism and to introduce the reader to its selected criminological aspects. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The introductory chapter is focused on the concept of criminal recidivism itself, and similarly defines the various concepts with emphasis on the legal aspects. The basis of this chapter is the effort to achieve a more detailed description of the various forms in the Penal Code of 1961 and also in modifying de lege lata. The second chapter deals with personality of recidivist offender from the perspective of selected typologies and two fundamental questions are considered, namely whether and how recidivist offender differs from non-recidivist offender and whether the offender is commonly distinguished from individuals who are respecting the law. Third chapter focuses on the concept of criminal careers with an emphasis on the personal typology of the offender in terms of the intensity of criminal behavior. Furthermore there are presented selected criminological theories influenced by the paradigm of a criminal career. In the final chapter of the thesis is...