INTRODUÇÃO: Evidências sobre a disponibilidade de alimentos no Brasil indicam que a transição alimentar tem sido, em geral, desfavorável em relação à prevenção e controle da obesidade e das demais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como comprovado pelos dados antropométricos nacionais ao longo dos anos. Mudanças dietéticas adversas incluem maior ingestão de refrigerantes, biscoitos e alimentos ricos em gordura saturada, e queda no consumo de frutas e verduras, fontes de carboidratos complexos e fibras alimentares, especialmente entre adolescentes. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a relação entre a frequência de consumo de alimentos e grupos de alimentos com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais de escolares adolescentes no município de Curitiba. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. A amostra foi de adolescentes de duas escolas municipais (EM), sendo uma de área central e uma de área periférica. O consumo de alimentos foi avaliado por um questionário baseado nos Dez passos para uma alimentação saudável do Ministério da Saúde. As informações socioeconômicas foram obtidas de um questionário respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis pelos escolares. Para caracterização da população foram utilizadas frequências, médias, medianas e desvios padrão. A resposta para cada grupo de alimentos foi dicotômica, ou seja, frequência adequada e frequência não adequada. A análise da relação entre as variáveis frequência de consumo e número de refeições/dia (variáveis dependentes) e as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais (variáveis independentes) foi feita para cada uma das questões sobre consumo de alimentos ou grupos de alimentos (8 questões) e para a questão sobre número de refeições. Utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla, com a técnica stepwise, sendo obtidos Odds Ratio de consumo adequado entre as categorias das variáveis independentes. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizandose o pacote estatístico R. RESULTADOS: Houve maior participação no estudo de adolescentes do sexo feminino, nas duas escolas, e a média de idade foi de 13 anos. A maioria dos pais e mães dos alunos da EM central (EM1), completou o 2° grau, e na EM periférica (EM2), a maioria estudou até a 8º série. Renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (SM), foi mais comum na regional periférica, e rendas superiores a 3 SM foram mais presentes nas famílias da EM 1. Os adolescentes das duas escolas consomem, em média, 2 porções de frutas/suco natural de frutas, verduras, carnes e leite/derivados (cada). Arroz e feijão são consumidos 6 e 7 vezes na semana, salgados e frituras, 2 e 3 vezes, por adolescentes da EM1 e EM2, respectivamente. A maioria dos adolescentes das duas escolas consome doces e refrigerantes/sucos industrializados diariamente, realizam em média 4 refeições/dia, assistem à televisão por 3 horas (EM1) ou 4 horas (EM2), e jogam videogame por 1 hora, e utilizam o computador por 2 horas, nas duas escolas. Pelo ajuste do modelo logístico pode-se inferir que: o fato do pai não trabalhar fora, associou-se positivamente ao consumo adequado de frutas pelo adolescente; o aumento do tempo utilizando o vídeo game, associou-se ao consumo adequado de carnes; o aumento do tempo de uso do computador associou-se ao consumo inadequado de carne, consumo inadequado de doces e refrigerantes, e número de refeições inadequado; o aumento do tempo de uso da TV associou-se ao consumo inadequado de doces; o aumento da idade associou-se ao consumo inadequado de salgados, e adequado de refrigerante; o sexo masculino relacionou-se a um número de refeições adequado; não se tem evidências significativas, para dizer que algumas das covariáveis consideradas influenciam o consumo de leite/derivados, verduras e arroz/feijão. CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de consumo de frutas/suco natural de frutas, verduras e leite/derivados está inferior ao recomendado pelo MS nos 10 passos para uma alimentação saudável, para a maioria dos adolescentes. O consumo de carnes, arroz/feijão e o numero de refeições ao dia está dentro do recomendado, para a maior proporção dos escolares. As frequências do consumo de frutas, carnes, doces, salgados, refrigerante e numero de refeições foram as que se associaram às variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e uso do tempo de lazer / BACKGROUND: Evidence on food availability in Brazil indicates that the food transition has been, generally unfavorable to prevent and control obesity and other chronic noncommunicable diseases, as evidenced by the national demographics over the years. Adverse dietary changes include increased intake of soft drinks, snacks and foods high in saturated fat, and decrease in consumption of fruits and vegetables, sources of complex carbohydrates and fiber, especially among adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the frequency of consumption of foods and food groups with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics of schoolchildren in the city of Curitiba. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample of adolescents was from two public schools (PS), one of the central area and a peripheral area. The dietary intake was assessed by a questionnaire based on the \"Ten steps to a healthy diet, of Ministry of Health. The socioeconomic information were obtained from a questionnaire answered by parents or guardians by the school. To characterize the population were used frequencies, means, medians and standard deviations. The answer to each food group was dichotomous, ie, at often appropriate and often not adequate. The analysis of the relationship between the variables frequency of consumption and number of meals per day (dependent variables) and demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral variables (independent variables) was performed for each of the questions about consumption of foods or food groups food (8 questions) and to the question about number of meals. We used multiple logistic regression with the stepwise technique, and obtained an odds ratio of consumption between the appropriate categories of independent variables. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package R. RESULTS: There was greater participation in the study of female adolescents in two schools, and the average age was 13 years. Most parents of students in central PS (PS1), completed the 2nd degree, and in peripheral PS (PS2), most studied up to 8th degree. Family income of up to two minimum wages (MW), was more common in peripheral regional, and incomes over 3 MW were more common in families of central PS. The adolescents from two schools consume an average of 2 servings of fruit/ natural juice of fruits, vegetables, meat and milk/dairy products (each). Rice and beans is consumption 6 and 7 times a week, snacks and fried foods, 2 and 3 times for adolescents in PS1 and PS2, respectively. Most adolescents from two schools consume sweets and soft drinks/juices industrialized daily, realize an average of 4 meals a day, watch television for 3 hours (PS 1) or 4 hours (PS 2), and play video games for 1 hour, and use the computer for 2 hours, the two schools. By adjusting the logistic model can be inferred that: the fact that the father did not work out, was positively associated with the adequate intake of fruit by the adolescent; the increase in time using the video game, was associated with adequate intake of meat; the increased in time using the computer was associated with inadequate intake of meat, inadequate intake of sweets and soft drinks, and inadequate number of meals; the time increased use of TV was associated with inadequate intake of sweets; increasing age was associated with inadequate intake of salt, and appropriate refrigerant; the male was related to an appropriate number of meals; not have significant evidence to say that some of the covariates considered influencing the consumption of milk / milk products, vegetables and rice / beans. CONCLUSION: The frequency of fruit/ natural juice of fruits, vegetables and milk/ dairy products is lower than that recommended by Ministry of Health in the \"10 steps to a healthy diet,\" for most teenagers. The consumption of meat, rice/beans and the number of meals a day is within the recommended for the largest proportion of students. The frequency of consumption of fruits, meats, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and number of meals were those associated with demographic, socioeconomic and use of leisure time

I detta arbete undersöks hur man konstruerar en sökfunktion och hur sökresultatvisningen görs på bästa sätt. Sökfunktionen är oftast en central del på en webbsida idag och fyller en viktig roll för om en webbsida skall bli framgångsrik eller inte. Om informationen inte går att hitta på ett enkelt sätt kan webbsidan tappa sina användare ganska snabbt. Även presentationen av sökresultaten kan vara en vital del där logik, design och layout är viktiga aspekter som inte får förbises. Det finns således en hel del faktorer att ta hänsyn till som webbutvecklare. Rapporten går igenom några utvalda best-practice metoder från områden som layout, sökfält, sökresultat och paginering med syftet att identifiera viktiga och användbara metoder. En analys av 10 webbsidor samt en enkätundersökning genomfördes för att undersöka om metoderna tillämpades i verkligheten samt om det var metoder som användare efterfrågar. Arbetet resulterade i en sammanställning av viktiga faktorer som rekommenderas vid konstruktion av en användarvänlig sökfunktion och presentation av sökresultat.

Detta arbete undersöker hur företagare praktiskt kan optimera sina marknadsföringssatsningar i sociala medier. Marknadsföring i sociala medier är något som många företagsledare prioriterar eftersom det främjar en tvåvägskommunikation som i sin tur kan leda till att man når ut till fler kunder och ge lyckade vinsteffekter. Arbetet behandlar utvalda best-practices för att hitta de rekommendationer som kan ses som bäst lämpade för att praktiskt optimera ett företags webbsida och profilsidor i sociala medier. För att precisera rekommendationerna granskade arbetet vilka som tillämpas i verkligheten samt vilket behov och vilken kunskap mindre verksamheter har av sociala medier. Detta undersöktes genom att analysera fem företags aktivitet på Internet samt genomföra en enkätundersökning riktad till småföretagare. Resultatet omfattar en sammanställning över adekvata rekommendationer till mindre företag som praktiskt vill optimera sina marknadsföringssatsningar i sociala medier. / The purpose of this study is to examine how companies can preform practical optimization of their marketing efforts in social media. Marketing in social media is something that many business leaders prioritize as it promotes a two-way communication, which in turn can lead to the possibility to reach out to more customers and provide successful profit effects. The report examines selected best-practices to find those recommendations that can be viewed as best suited for pracital optimization of a company’s website and profile-pages in social media. In order to define the recommendations, the study reviewed which recommendations were applied to real companies and what need and what knowledge small businesses have in the area. This was examined by analyzing five businesses and their activity in social media, which was followed up by an digital survey targeting small businesses. The result include a summary of appropriate recommendations to smaller companies that want to practically optimize their marketing efforts in social media.

The improvement of subsoil chemical quality trough the broadcast lime on soil surface of no-till in Não Me Toque, Rio Grande do Sul State, hasn t been verified. This work was carried out in a farm associated to Cooperativa Agropecuária e Industrial sob Red Oxisol. This work aim to evaluate the efficiency of gypsum and fidagran in single use and mixed in improve chemical soil quality and reduce aluminium toxicity. The work was carried out in long-strips with xx x yy m including the following treatments: a) Check Plot; b) Fidagran; c) Gesso e d) Gesso + Fidagran. The rates of gypsum and fidagran followed the clay content in variable rate. The yields were recorded with a combine equipped with yield sensor. The soybean and maize yields followed the order: check plot, plot<fidagran<gypsum<gypsum+fidagran. In relation to check plot the increases were: fidagran 7 and 21.5%, gypsum 33 and 75.1% and fidagran+gypsum 54 and 125% to soybean and corn, respectively. Therefore, the increase was higher to corn in relation to soybean. Yet, the sum of yield increments when the inputs were applied single were lower than the yield increments when they were mixed. / A melhoria da qualidade química de camadas subsuperficiais através da aplicação superficial de calcário no sistema plantio direto é pouco provável. Este trabalho foi conduzido em um produtor associado da Cotrijal Cooperativa Agropecuária e Industrial sob Latossolo Vermelho. Este trabalho avaliou a eficiência do fidagran e do gesso aplicados isoladamente e combinados na melhoria da qualidade química e redução da toxidez de alumínio. O trabalho foi conduzido em longas faixas com xx e yy m incluindo os seguintes tratamentos: a) Testemunha; b) Fidagran; c) Gesso; d) Fidagran + Gesso. As doses dos insumos foram determinadas com base no teor de argila e aplicadas a dose variada. A produtividade foi recordada com colhedora equipada com sensor de produtividade. A produtividade de soja e de milho seguiu a seguinte ordem: testemunha<fidagran<gesso<fidagran+gesso. Em relação a parcela testemunha os incrementos de produtividade foram: fidagran 7 a 21.5%, gesso 33 a 75.1% e fidagran+gesso 54 a 125% para soja e milho, respectivamente. Portanto, o incremento de produtividade foi maior no milho do que na soja. Em ambas as culturas houve efeito interativo dos insumos, uma vez que a somatória dos incrementos de produtividade quando os insumos foram aplicados isoladamente foi inferior ao incremento da produtividade dos insumos combinados.

L’extraction de la sémantique d’une image est un processus qui nécessite une analyse profonde du contenu de l’image. Elle se réfère à leur interprétation à partir d’un point de vuehumain. Dans ce dernier cas, la sémantique d’une image pourrait être générique (par exemple un véhicule) ou spécifique (par exemple une bicyclette). Elle consiste à extraire une sémantique simple ou multiple de l’image afin de faciliter sa récupération. Ces objectifs indiquent clairement que l’extraction de la sémantique n’est pas un nouveau domaine de recherche. Cette thèse traite d’une approche d’annotation collaborative et de recherche d’images baséesur les sémantiques émergentes. Il aborde d’une part, la façon dont les annotateurs pourraient décrire et représenter le contenu des images en se basant sur les informations visuelles, et d’autre part comment la recherche des images pourrait être considérablement améliorée grâce aux récentes techniques, notamment le clustering et la recommandation. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l’exploitation des outils de description implicite du contenu des images, des interactions des annotateurs qui décrivent la sémantique des images et celles des utilisateurs qui utilisent la sémantique produite pour rechercher les images seraient indispensables.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes penchés vers les outils duWeb Sémantique, notamment les ontologies pour décrire les images de façon structurée. L’ontologie permet de représenter les objets présents dans une image ainsi que les relations entre ces objets (les scènes d’image). Autrement dit, elle permet de représenter de façon formelle les différents types d’objets et leurs relations. L’ontologie code la structure relationnelle des concepts que l’on peut utiliser pour décrire et raisonner. Cela la rend éminemment adaptée à de nombreux problèmes comme la description sémantique des images qui nécessite une connaissance préalable et une capacité descriptive et normative.La contribution de cette thèse est focalisée sur trois points essentiels : La représentationsémantique, l’annotation sémantique collaborative et la recherche sémantique des images.La représentation sémantique permet de proposer un outil capable de représenter la sémantique des images. Pour capturer la sémantique des images, nous avons proposé une ontologie d’application dérivée d’une ontologie générique.L’annotation sémantique collaborative que nous proposons consiste à faire émerger la sémantique des images à partir des sémantiques proposées par une communauté d’annotateurs.La recherche sémantique permet de rechercher les images avec les sémantiques fournies par l’annotation sémantique collaborative. Elle est basée sur deux techniques : le clustering et la recommandation. Le clustering permet de regrouper les images similaires à la requête d’utilisateur et la recommandation a pour objectif de proposer des sémantiques aux utilisateurs en se basant sur leurs profils statiques et dynamiques. Elle est composée de trois étapes à savoir : la formation de la communauté des utilisateurs, l’acquisition des profils d’utilisateurs et la classification des profils d’utilisateurs avec l’algèbre de Galois. Des expérimentations ont été menées pour valider les différentes approches proposées dans ce travail. / The extraction of images semantic is a process that requires deep analysis of the image content. It refers to their interpretation from a human point of view. In this lastest case, the image semantic may be generic (e.g., a vehicle) or specific (e.g., a bicycle). It consists in extracting single or multiple images semantic in order to facilitate its retrieval. These objectives clearly show that the extraction of semantic is not a new research field. This thesis deals with the semantic collaborative annotation of images and their retrieval. Firstly, it discusses how annotators could describe and represent images content based on visual information, and secondly how images retrieval could be greatly improved thank to latest techniques, such as clustering and recommendation. To achieve these purposes, the use of implicit image content description tools, interactions of annotators that describe the semantics of images and those of users that use generated semantics to retrieve the images, would be essential. In this thesis, we focus our research on the use of Semantic Web tools, in particular ontologies to produce structured descriptions of images. Ontology is used to represent image objects and the relationships between these objects. In other words, it allows to formally represent the different types of objects and their relationships. Ontology encodes the relational structure of concepts that can be used to describe and reason. This makes them eminently adapted to many problems such as semantic description of images that requires prior knowledge as well as descriptive and normative capacity. The contribution of this thesis is focused on three main points : semantic representation, collaborative semantic annotation and semantic retrieval of images.Semantic representation allows to offer a tool for the capturing semantics of images. To capture the semantics of images, we propose an application ontology derived from a generic ontology. Collaborative semantic annotation that we define, provides emergent semantics through the fusion of semantics proposed by the annotators.Semantic retrieval allows to look for images with semantics provided by collaborative semantic annotation. It is based on clustering and recommendation. Clustering is used to group similar images corresponding to the user’s query and recommendation aims to propose semantics to users based on their profiles. It consists of three steps : creation of users community, acquiring of user profiles and classification of user profiles with Galois algebra. Experiments were conducted to validate the approaches proposed in this work.

In organizations, users' compliance with information security policies (ISP) is crucial for minimizing information security (IS) incidents. To improve users' compliance, IS managers have implemented IS awareness (ISA) programs, which are systematically planned interventions to continuously transport security information to a target audience. The underlying research analyzes IS managers' efforts to design effective ISA programs by comparing current design recommendations suggested by scientific literature with actual design practices of ISA programs in three banks. Moreover, this study addresses how users perceive ISA programs and related implications for compliant IS behavior. Empirically, we utilize a multiple case design to investigate three banks from Central and Eastern Europe. In total, 33 semi-structured interviews with IS managers and users were conducted and internal materials of ISA programs such as intranet messages and posters were also considered. The paper contributes to IS compliance research by offering a comparative and holistic view on ISA program design practices. Moreover, we identified influences on users' perceptions centering on IS risks, responsibilities, ISP importance and knowledge, and neutralization behaviors. Finally, the study raises propositions regarding the relationship of ISA program designs and factors, which are likely to influence users' ISP compliance.

The economic dimension of conflicts has enjoyed increasing attention in research dealing with the dynamics of contemporary conflict. The nexus between natural resources, economics and conflict has played a defining role in a number of Africa’s most intractable conflicts during the 1990s and early 2000s. The underlying assumption of this study is that the economic dimension of conflict can be hugely informative in terms of an understanding as to why peace agreements fail and in that sense can contribute to the resolution of conflicts if taken into account during the formulation of peace agreements. This study explores the ways in which conflict theory has dealt with the conflict-economics nexus, analyzing the extent to which theory illuminates the conflict reality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the period August 1998 to August 2004. It determines to what degree peace agreements in the DRC have taken the economic dimension and insights gained from the academic exploration of this topic into account during the negotiation and formulation of these agreements. In conclusion the study proposes a number of recommendations in terms of the peace process in the DRC with possible wider application for other peace agreements. / Dissertation (MA (International Relations))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Political Sciences / unrestricted

The aim of this study was to determine Accident and Emergency (A&E) nurses’ perceptions of a structured debriefing programme based on the model of SP Hattingh. Objectives of the research were to train A&E nurses as peer debriefers to be able to implement a structured debriefing programme, to then implement it and finally to determine the debriefed A&E nurses and debriefers’ perceptions of the structured debriefing programme. A contextual, explorative, descriptive research design, using qualitative methodology, was adopted. The population for this study was all registered nurses working in an A&E unit in a private hospital in Gauteng. Three main themes were identified, namely: positive aspects, negative aspects and recommendations for implementation. Recommendations were made to optimise the use of this programme in the future. / Dissertation (MCur (Clinical))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Nursing Science / MCur / unrestricted

Disertation decribes the SPHW system (Safety and prevention of the health at work) for HZS of Czech republic. Attached there is also porposal of how the SPHW system should be the same for all fire departments according to the normativ recommendations of OHSAS 18001:2007.

The aim of the diploma thesis "New media and their use in public awareness campaigns" is to formulate guidelines and recommendations for the use of new media in awareness campaigns. The the methods of analysis and synthesis are used in this thesis. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with new media in terms of marketing communications. The second chapter focuses on the definition of social marketing and public awareness campaigns. The third chapter deals with the analysis of four public awareness campaigns that have been used new media. The fourth chapter presents the principles and recommendations for more effective use of new media in public awareness campaigns. Respect for these principles and recommendations shoult help to future effective use of new media.