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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MARCIA MARIA.pdf: 1481706 bytes, checksum: c106449f7ff5146f5e74cf7a90c429e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-10 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This search of masters, developed in the Postgraduate Program in Society and Culture in the Amazon Federal University of Amazonas, under the guidance of Prof.. Dr. Ernesto Renan Freitas Pinto de Melo, presents some contributions for the Sociology of Displacement Compulsórios to examine the Colombian conflict from the study of subjects involved in the process and seeking refuge in the Amazon. Migration border Amazon are still little discussed, both by the academy as the institutions that deal with the issue of shifts in compulsory care for refugees and displaced. The systematic study has some elements that challenge the implementation of public policies of refuge and more effective for this specific context located. The growing entry of people at a shelter, or not recognized by official institutions, present new paradigms that challenge scientific studies in the Amazon and require a rigorous methodology, determined by the studies on vulnerable groups from the perspective of the sociology of shifts compulsory. / A presente pesquisa de mestrado, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade e Cultura na Amazônia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Ernesto Renan de Melo Freitas Pinto, apresenta algumas contribuições para a Sociologia dos Deslocamentos Compulsórios NAS Amazônia. Tendo em vista a análise do conflito colombiano a partir do estudo dos sujeitos implicados no processo e que buscam refúgio no Amazonas. Os movimentos migratórios nas fronteiras amazônicas ainda são pouco abordados, tanto pela academia quanto pelas instituições que lidam com a temática dos deslocamentos compulsórios no atendimento aos refugiados e desplazados. O estudo sistematizado apresenta alguns elementos que desafiam a implementação de políticas públicas de refúgio mais eficazes e específicas para este contexto localizado. O crescente ingresso de pessoas em situação de refúgio, reconhecidos ou não pelas instituições oficiais, apresentam novos paradigmas que desafiam os estudos científicos no contexto amazônico e exigem de um rigor metodológico, determinado pelos estudos com grupos vulneráveis sob a ótica da sociologia dos deslocamentos compulsórios.

L'action humanitaire a connu un développement exponentiel au sein de la société internationale au cours de ces dernières années. Multiplication des résolutions humanitaires votées par les Nations unies, mise en place d'une justice pénale internationale chargée de réprimer les violations du droit international humanitaire, émergence de la responsabilité de protéger impliquant un recours à la force à des fins humanitaires, développement des organisations non gouvernementales en sont les manifestations majeures. Toutefois, la portée de ces évolutions récentes de l'action humanitaire tant sur le plan de la normativité que de l'opérationnalité est à relativiser. Si les insuffisances du droit de Genève ont pleinement justifié l'émergence d'un droit de New York, ce droit de nature essentiellement déclaratoire éprouve de réelles difficultés à palier les lacunes du droit de Genève. En outre, la mise en oeuvre contemporaine de l'action humanitaire, soulève de nombreux questionnements juridiques liés aux modalités et aux conditions de mise en oeuvre. La présente étude a pour objet d'analyser les évolutions et les limites du cadre juridique de l'action humanitaire afin de faire des propositions pour améliorer la condition juridique des victimes des catastrophes humanitaires. / Humanitarian action has seen such an exponential growth in international society in recent years that humanitarianism seems to be carrying increasing weight in international relations. Some of the main examples of this phenomenon are the increased number of humanitarian resolutions passed by the United Nations, the creation of an international court of justice to reprimand violations of international humanitarian law, the emergence of a sense of responsibility to ensure protection by means of force for humanitarian purposes, and the development of non-governmental organizations. However, the scope of these recent developments in humanitarianism, on both the normative and operational levels, needs to be put into perspective. Indeed, while the shortcomings of Geneva law fully justify the emergence of New York law, this essentially declaratory law faces real challenges in overcoming the short comings in Geneva law. Further more, humanitarian action as it has been carried out in recent years gives rise to a number of legal questions relating to the conditions under which such action is taken. This study aims at analyzing the developments and limits of the humanitarian action legal framework, in order to put forward proposals for improving the legal position of the victims of humanitarian disasters.

Le droit international semble appréhender la question du déplacement forcé de population en Afrique à travers deux approches conceptuelles. La première qui se situe dans le contexte de la Guerre froide, est qualifiée de réactive dans la mesure où elle se borne à cerner le problème qu'en termes d'exil et de protection internationale des réfugiés. En tant que tel, ce régime traditionnel de protection internationale des réfugiés ne permet pas de cerner toute la problématique du déplacement forcé en Afrique. Face à ces limites, et sous la poussée d'un faisceau de facteurs favorisée par la fin de la Guerre froide, la nécessité d'une réévaluation en profondeur de l'approche traditionnelle du déplacement forcé de population en Afrique s'impose aujourd'hui. L'étude vise donc à examiner cette évolution au sein du droit international public. Si la nouvelle approche de la problématique du déplacement forcé en Afrique se veut désormais proactive et axée sur la prévention, celle-ci recèle pour autant des contradictions sécuritaires évidentes dans la pratique internationale. Ce basculement de la question du déplacement forcé sur le champ mouvant de la sécurité suscite des interrogations quant à sa mise en œuvre par la pratique internationale, d'autant plus qu'elle a tendance à privilégier des stratégies d'endiguement de populations vulnérables à l'intérieur de leur pays plutôt que de favoriser leur protection in situ. Pour parer à ce risque de dérive sécuritaire, seule l'adoption d'une démarche axée dans une perspective de sécurité humaine dénuée de toute préoccupation de considérations stratégiques, pourrait constituer une réponse efficace au fléau du déplacement forcé en Afrique. / The international law seems to deal with the issue of forced displacement in Africa through two conceptual approaches. The first which stems from the Cold War is deemed reactive since the issue of forced displacement is limited to exile and international protection of refugees. This traditional system of the refugees' international protection does not allow a full understanding of forced displacement in Africa as such. In light of these shortcomings, and following a growing series of factors fostered by the end of the Cold War, the need for a thorough reassessment of the traditional approach of forced displacement in Africa is becoming an essential issue today. The new paradigm is now proactive and focused on prevention. The research therefore aims to examine this evolution in regards to international public law. Although this new approach to the issue of forced displacement in Africa is proactive, it contains some obvious contradictions in terms of security from an international law practice point of view. The shift of the issue of forced displacement to the matter of security raises concerns about its implementation by international law practice, especially as it tends to favor containment strategies of vulnerable populations within their country rather than promoting their protection in situ. In order to face the risk of a security shortfall, the solution should rely on a human security driven approach regardless of any strategic preoccupation. This attitude could form an efficient answer to the plague of forced displacement in Africa.