This thesis is an attempt to find a sustainable solution for the Palestinian refugee problem. It analyzes the Palestinian refugee case and how different actors in the Palestine-Israeli conflict view it. The Palestinian refugees issue is one of the most complicated matters in the peace negotiations between the two parties and without solving it there will be no permanent and sustainable peace in the Middle East region. There is a need for compromise from both the Israelis as well as the Palestinians to find a sustainable solution for the Palestinian refugee problem. The international community in general and those who have the political, military as well as economic power in particular must play an important role in the final settlement of the issue by providing economic incentives to repatriate and compensate the Palestinian refugees. The Right of Return should be respected in any case. While some Palestinian refugees might go back to their historic home land in what nowadays is called Israel, others might have no choice but to be permanently settled in their current host countries provided that they are given full citizenship rights in their host country as well as in the promised Palestinian State.

The situation of Palestinian refugees is one of the most burning issues related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Its solution is at the same time one of the key conditions for the settlement of this conflict, whose beginning may be traced back already in connection with the first alija - the first wave of Jewish immigration after the anti - Semitic pogroms in 1881. The importance of this problem is confirmed e.g. by the text of the Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) of 1967, which considers the upright solution for Palestinian refugees as one of the prerequisites for lasting peace in the Middle East. This question has been subject of many peace negotiations between the representatives of the concerned states lately, which only illustrates the high international topicality of the given problem. The aim of the dissertation is to define the term Palestinian refugee in the historic, political and legal context and in this connection to determine the position of Palestinian refugees in international law as an initial point, which is followed by the international law analysis of their right to return. First part of the study therefore will try to make a systematic overview in the extent of the term Palestinian refugee. The second part of the dissertation analyses the right of return in the general level and then...

This thesis examines the rhetorical and visual manifestations of race as they figured in the months prior to and within the 2006 New Orleans mayoral election discourses, and examines how the Nagin campaign tapped into a strategy that capitalized upon pre-existing racial tensions exacerbated by Katrina in order to win re-election. Much of the research for this thesis emerged from the making of a documentary film that examines the intersection between race and politics within this same election, and draws upon primary source video interviews conducted between February - May, 2006, and secondary source media and communications materials to posit that race rendered all political response to Katrina impotent, and that the reductive discourse of a racialized campaign was founded upon traditional, outmoded, and predictable interpretations of racial differences facilitated by socioeconomic hierarchies that both provided a structure for and allowed the psychological framework for such a strategy to work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio de Barros Bruno.pdf: 890911 bytes, checksum: 9346b4a64a52cf5d8b7c4defa69ea1b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-21 / Article #49 of the Brazilian Consumer Bill of Rights (CDC Law 8.078/1990) establishes consumers right to return unwanted merchandise to suppliers within a period of 7 days for a full refund in the case of distance contracts. This law is intended to ensure consumers convenience and opportunity at the moment of purchase, compensate for consumers lack of familiarity with the product or service purchased, and protect consumers against particularly aggressive marketing practices. However, although the literal interpretation of this law specifies a 7-day refund period and contracts celebrated at distance for the exercise of this right, jurisprudence and judicial doctrine have not yet determined the exact boundaries under which consumers may return unwanted products. In other words, any product or service purchased from a supplier at distance may be returned within a 7-day period no-questions-asked. In any case, in e-commerce dealings the unrestricted exercise of this right can lead to significant losses on part of the suppliers. But, far from ignoring consumers rights suppliers often underscore them, though the actual scope and applicability of these rights remain to be clearly established. If consumers rights to return unwanted merchandise are exercised within the principles informing the legal system, they will eventually become a means of harmonizing e-commerce relations and, consequently, of encouraging participation in worldwide computer networks. / O direito de arrependimento é a prerrogativa instituída pelo art. 49 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor mediante a qual é facultado ao consumidor desistir, no prazo de sete dias e sem qualquer ônus, do contrato que tenha efetuado fora do estabelecimento comercial do fornecedor. Esta prerrogativa do consumidor tem por objetivo básico garantir a conveniência e oportunidade no ato de consumo, tanto suprindo a falta de contato prévio do consumidor com o produto ou serviço que adquire fora do estabelecimento do fornecedor, como coibindo as práticas comerciais eivadas de marketing agressivo. De acordo com uma interpretação gramatical desse artigo, em um primeiro momento, salvo o lugar onde se firmou o contrato e o prazo de reflexão, aparentemente pouco tem sido dito pela doutrina em relação a qualquer outro limite para que o consumidor exerça o direito em foco. Em suma, basta que o produto ou serviço tenha sido contratado fora do estabelecimento comercial e que a manifestação da desistência ocorra dentro no prazo de reflexão, para que ele seja exercido. Tal fato leva alguns doutrinadores a buscar interpretações que negam quase que totalmente a aplicação do direito de arrependimento ao comércio eletrônico, uma vez que sua aplicação irrestrita pode ser bastante prejudicial, sobretudo, ao empresário. O caminho no comércio eletrônico, no entanto, não é negar esse direito ao consumidor, mas sim, despertá-lo para a sua existência. Os limites de sua aplicabilidade, todavia, devem ser traçados a fim de se estabelecerem regras claras para os participantes da relação de consumo. Logo, uma interpretação mais adequada desse instituto se faz necessária à luz do comércio eletrônico; interpretação que possibilite não só um ponto de equilíbrio na aplicabilidade do direito de arrependimento fundamentado no próprio sistema jurídico, mas que também desperte a atenção dos consumidores para o seu exercício. É necessário o equilíbrio. Isto é, não negá-lo, mas acordar a sociedade para o seu uso; não para seu emprego desregrado e ilimitado, mas para o seu uso dentro dos princípios que regem o sistema, como meio de harmonização das relações de consumo no comércio eletrônico e, por conseqüência, como instrumento para a ampliação do número de pessoas incluídas na rede mundial de computadores.

Une bourse d'études du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (CRSH) a été accordée à l'auteur pour la réalisation de ce projet de recherche. / Suite à l’étude de la genèse de deux régimes occupant une place fondamentale en droit du travail québécois, soit le régime public de réparation des lésions professionnelles institué par la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles, et l’obligation d’accommodement raisonnable, issue du droit à l’égalité consacré à l’article 10 de la Charte québécoise, ce mémoire s’intéresse au déploiement du conflit normatif et du conflit juridictionnel découlant de l’évolution en parallèle de ces deux sources d’obligations pour les employeurs, dont l’objet est la réintégration et le maintien du lien d’emploi du salarié atteint d’un handicap. Cette étude propose ensuite d’explorer les conséquences juridiques de la solution retenue par la Cour d’appel du Québec, dans l’arrêt Caron rendu en juin 2015, laquelle décide de juxtaposer une obligation d’accommodement raisonnable au régime public de réparation des lésions professionnelles. Ainsi, ce mémoire met en évidence les conséquences en droit constitutionnel canadien et quasi constitutionnel québécois de la démarche utilisée dans l’arrêt Caron et des résultats auxquels elle a conduit, en recentrant la place du droit à l’égalité en droit public et en discutant de ses impacts sur la séparation des pouvoirs. En outre, ce revirement jurisprudentiel engendre maintes difficultés au regard de la particularité du droit administratif, plus spécifiquement quant au rôle et aux pouvoirs limités de la C.N.E.S.S.T. et du T.A.T.-D.S.S.T. Enfin, cette analyse fait ressortir que la solution retenue par la Cour d’appel porte atteinte à l’équilibre que s’efforce de maintenir ce régime public reposant sur un important compromis social. / Following the review of the genesis of two fundamental regimes in Quebec labour law, the public system that provides repairs to injured workers, established by the Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, and the duty to provide reasonable accommodation arising from the right to equality under section 10 of the Quebec Charter, this thesis focuses on the development of the normative conflict and the jurisdictional conflict stemming from the parallel evolution of these two sources of obligations for employers. Both of these are based on the reinstatement of disabled workers and the continuation of their employment relationship. This study proposes to explore the legal consequences of the solution adopted by the Quebec Court of Appeal in Caron’s case, dated June 2015, in which the Court decided to overlay the employer’s duty to accommodate onto the Workers’ Compensation public system. Thus, emphasizing on the role that the right to equality plays in public law and discussing its impact on the separation of powers, this thesis shows the consequences from the approach used in the Caron judgment and its particular results through Canadian constitutional and Quebec quasi-constitutional principles. Furthermore, this significant change gives rise to many difficulties regarding the particularities of administrative law, and more specifically, the role and the limited powers of C.N.E.S.S.T. and T.A.T.-D.S.S.T. Finally, this analysis highlights that the solution held by the Court of Appeal infringes on the balance attempted by the public system based on an important social compromise.

Le droit international semble appréhender la question du déplacement forcé de population en Afrique à travers deux approches conceptuelles. La première qui se situe dans le contexte de la Guerre froide, est qualifiée de réactive dans la mesure où elle se borne à cerner le problème qu'en termes d'exil et de protection internationale des réfugiés. En tant que tel, ce régime traditionnel de protection internationale des réfugiés ne permet pas de cerner toute la problématique du déplacement forcé en Afrique. Face à ces limites, et sous la poussée d'un faisceau de facteurs favorisée par la fin de la Guerre froide, la nécessité d'une réévaluation en profondeur de l'approche traditionnelle du déplacement forcé de population en Afrique s'impose aujourd'hui. L'étude vise donc à examiner cette évolution au sein du droit international public. Si la nouvelle approche de la problématique du déplacement forcé en Afrique se veut désormais proactive et axée sur la prévention, celle-ci recèle pour autant des contradictions sécuritaires évidentes dans la pratique internationale. Ce basculement de la question du déplacement forcé sur le champ mouvant de la sécurité suscite des interrogations quant à sa mise en œuvre par la pratique internationale, d'autant plus qu'elle a tendance à privilégier des stratégies d'endiguement de populations vulnérables à l'intérieur de leur pays plutôt que de favoriser leur protection in situ. Pour parer à ce risque de dérive sécuritaire, seule l'adoption d'une démarche axée dans une perspective de sécurité humaine dénuée de toute préoccupation de considérations stratégiques, pourrait constituer une réponse efficace au fléau du déplacement forcé en Afrique. / The international law seems to deal with the issue of forced displacement in Africa through two conceptual approaches. The first which stems from the Cold War is deemed reactive since the issue of forced displacement is limited to exile and international protection of refugees. This traditional system of the refugees' international protection does not allow a full understanding of forced displacement in Africa as such. In light of these shortcomings, and following a growing series of factors fostered by the end of the Cold War, the need for a thorough reassessment of the traditional approach of forced displacement in Africa is becoming an essential issue today. The new paradigm is now proactive and focused on prevention. The research therefore aims to examine this evolution in regards to international public law. Although this new approach to the issue of forced displacement in Africa is proactive, it contains some obvious contradictions in terms of security from an international law practice point of view. The shift of the issue of forced displacement to the matter of security raises concerns about its implementation by international law practice, especially as it tends to favor containment strategies of vulnerable populations within their country rather than promoting their protection in situ. In order to face the risk of a security shortfall, the solution should rely on a human security driven approach regardless of any strategic preoccupation. This attitude could form an efficient answer to the plague of forced displacement in Africa.