Social rights of married couples and registered partners in Czech republic and in France Summary The purpose of the present thesis is to compare social rights of married couples and registered partners in each country in order to be able to compare French and Czech legal regulations. At first it was necessary to analyze forms of family living in both states so that one can gain insight into the legal status of such couples in society. Another question raised by the present study is the access of couples to parental rights. According to the impact that parenthood has on working life and family budget, it can truly be considered a social welfare issue. Firstly we analyze, in separate chapters, individual areas of social welfare law in Czech republic and in France so that we can later compare the two. The thesis centers on survivors' benefits, through an evaluation of their purpose and of the impact of exclusion of registered partners from the group of beneficiaries. The study also examines relevant contemporary jurisprudence, mainly cases before the European Court of Human Rights and European Court of Justice.

An associate degree in nursing is obtained in the community college setting and is designed to be completed in 2 years of full-time study. Approximately 70% of practicing registered nurses (RNs) are educated at the associate degree or diploma (vocational training) level with only 15% moving on to achieve a degree past the associate level. The purpose of this phenomenological research is to study the lived experiences of registered nurses who obtained an associate degree in nursing and, while working in a health care setting, returned to school to attain a baccalaureate degree in nursing (BSN). Data gathered during individual interviews will provide documentation of the benefits of attaining a BSN as well as identifying barriers that associate degree RNs must overcome to pursue a BSN education.

Bakgrund – Stress påverkar kroppen både fysiskt och psykiskt, för att stressen inte ska ge negativa effekter är det viktigt med återhämtning. Stress i arbetet är vanligt förekommande framförallt inom sjukvården och kan uppstå då det ställs höga krav på individen. För att undvika att stressen ska påverka individen används olika former av hanteringsstrategier, det kan vara allt från problemlösande- till emotionellstrategier. Syfte – Att beskriva vårdpersonalens hanteringsstrategier vid arbetsrelaterad stress. Metod – En litteraturstudie med elva kvalitativa studier inkluderades, dessa analyserades med hjälp av Forsberg och Wengström, inspirerad av metod för innehållsanalys. Resultat – Författarnas resultat visade på två kategorier, ”problemlösande hanteringsstrategier” och ”känslomässiga hanteringsstrategier”, samt åtta underkategorier, ”att söka, ge och erhålla stöd”, ”att prioritera och planera arbetet”, ”att utföra aktiviteter”, ”reflektion och pauser”, ”att använda humor”, ”ilska och undvikande”, ”substansanvändning” och ”andlighet och tro”. Konklusion – Omvårdnadsyrket är ett krävande område där stress är oundvikligt, därför är det viktigt att hantera den stress som uppkommer i arbetet för att kunna bibehålla fokus. Mer forskning på effektiva strategier för stresshantering krävs. / Background - Stress affects the body both physically and mentally, to avoid negative effects of stress, it’s important with recovery. Occupational stress is common especially in health care personal and can occur when there are high work demands on the individual. To avoid occupational stress affect on the individual the use of various forms of coping strategies, it can vary from problemsolving- to emotional coping strategies. Purpose - To describe healthcare personnel management of occupationalstress. Method - A Literaturereview with eleven qualitative studies were included, these were analyzed by Forsberg and Wengströms, inspired by the method of content analysis. Results - The authors' results demonstrated in two categories, "problemsolving coping strategies" and "emotional coping strategies" and eight subcategories, "to seek, give and receive support", "to prioritize and plan work", "to perform activities", "reflection and breaks","use of humor", "anger and avoidance", "substance use" and "spirituality and faith". Conclusion – The nursing profession is a demanding area where stress is inevitable, therefore it is important to manage the stress that arises in the workplace in order to maintain focus. More research on effective strategies for stress management is required.

Bakgrund: I sin professionella roll är sjuksköterskan en vårdare med högre utbildning. Sjuksköterskor arbetar nära andra individer i sitt arbete; andra yrkeskategorier såväl som patienter, anhöriga och allmänhet. Sjuksköterskan är en individ med sin egen integritet och hälsa samt har behov av trygghet på arbetsplatsen. För trygghet och god hälsa spelar känslan av sammanhang på arbetet in. Sjuksköterskeyrket är kvinnodominerat. Det är vanligare att kvinnor än män utsätts för sexuella ofredanden.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av sexuella ofredanden på arbetsplatsen. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med totalt tolv stycken ingående artiklar av kvantitativ och kvalitativ design. Resultat: Sexuella ofredanden mot sjuksköterskor kan begås av patienter, anhöriga och kollegor. Den som ofredar är i regel man. Sjuksköterskan kan ha svårigheter att avgöra ifall patienter med kognitiv svikt är medveten om sina sexuella handlingar. Sjuksköterskor som har blivit utsatta för sexuellt ofredande reagerar på olika sätt, både i den pågående händelsen och efteråt.  Att bli utsatt för sexuellt ofredande kan medföra olika sorters negativ påverkan i den professionella rollen och för individens egen hälsa. Konklusion:  Ytterligare forskning behövs, studien beskriver att sjuksköterskor har olika erfarenheter av sexuella ofredanden, där strategier för att hantera det i många fall saknas eller är otillräckliga. / Background: A registered nurse is a caregiver with an academic degree. In their profession, nurses have close encounters with other individuals; including colleagues with other professions as well as patients and their relatives. A nurse is also an individual with own sense of integrity and health, and with a need for a safe work enviroment. The majority of nurses are women. Women are more likely to be victims of sexual harassment than men. Purpose: The aim was to describe nurses experience of sexual harassment in their workplace. Method: Literature review containing twelve articles with qualitative and quantitative method. Result: The perpetrator in sexual harassment against nurses is either a patient or its family or a colleague, often a male. Patient whom suffers from cognitive impairment are difficult to assess if they are aware of their actions if they sexual harass a nurse. Nurses whom have been sexual harassed react in different ways, both in the on-going incident and afterwards. Being sexual harassed may lead to different kinds of negative influence in the nurse’s professional role as well in their own health. Conclusion: More research is necessary, this study describes that nurses have different experiences of sexual harassment, strategies for management is non-existing or not efficient enough.

Registered partnership - actual situation in Europe Abstract This thesis deals with the registered partnership and cohabitation of two persons of the same sex in the same-sex marriage. The thesis deals not only with the Czech legal system, but also with other european countries. The aim of the thesis is to compare the individual legal regulations and to review the actual tendencies of the european states in this respect. The text focuses mainly on the current situation in individual countries, the facts as concerning the establishment and termination of registered partnerships and partners' property relations are described. The subject of homoparentality and the possibility of adopting homosexual children is also discussed. The thesis is divided into 6 chapters, which gradually describe sub-areas related to this civil law institut. The first chapter defines the basic concepts and briefly describes the historical development of homosexual perceptions and the view of homosexuality. The next chapter describes the gradual legalization of a registered partnership in Europe, focusing on legislative processes in the Czech Republic. The third chapter discusses the emergence and termination of a legal partnership between same-sex persons, whether registered partnerships or same-sex marriages. The fourth chapter...

Bakgrund: Barnmisshandel är ett stort globalt problem, i Sverige är trenden för anmälningar av misshandelsbrott mot barn stigande. Svenska lagen rättfärdigar hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal med anmälningsplikt att anmäla misstanke om barnmisshandel till socialtjänsten. Det finns dock forskning att anmälningar inte sker på grund av exempelvis okunskap kring upptäckt av misshandel samt anmälningsprocessen. Det finns oklarhet över de känslomässiga upplevelserna av att vara involverade i barnmisshandelsfall. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor upplever att vara involverade i barnmisshandelsfall samt att beskriva en metodologisk aspekt i de inkluderande artiklarna. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie utifrån tolv kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Det framkom att sjuksköterskorna upplevde att deras misstanke om barnmisshandel oftast baserades på en magkänsla vilket skapade osäkerhet och frustration. Känslan av osäkerhet är konstant genom hela processen från misstanke till utredning. De upplevdes svårt att upprätthålla ett professionellt förhållningssätt. Flera studier visar att många av deltagarna var rädda för sin egen säkerhet. Sjuksköterskorna kände att dessa fall lämnade djupa spår. Både oro och tillfredsställelse kunde uppstå i samband med anmälan. Under utredningsprocessen visar studier att uppgivenhet och frustration dominerade i samarbetet med Soc, exempelvis på grund av brist i statusuppdatering över fallen. De flesta sjuksköterskorna upplevde att kollegorna var ett stort stöd i processen, dock hade inte alla tillgång till det. Det var totalt 222 deltagare i de inkluderade artiklarna varav 161 sjuksköterskor, mellan 25 - 64 år gamla. Majoriteten var kvinnor och arbetslivserfarenhet som sjuksköterska låg mellan två och 38 år. Slutsats: De olika stegen i ett barnmisshandelsfall sätter framförallt negativa spår på sjuksköterskan. Osäkerhet spelar den största rollen och går som en röd tråd genom alla olika steg. Även om socialt stöd upplevdes som en bra resurs för att kunna hantera dessa situationer finns det många utmaningar kvar att hitta mer lösningsorienterade ansatser. Det behövs en mer salutogen synvinkel i forskning, sjuksköterskeutbildning och i verksamheter, för att förbättra förutsättningar för sjuksköterskor att kunna hantera dessa upplevelser. / Background: Child abuse is a huge global problem and the trend in Sweden in reporting child abuse is increasing. Swedish law obligates health care personnel to report any suspicion of child abuse to child protection services. However, research shows that reports are not happening to the extent they should. Lack in knowledge on how to identify abuse and which process to follow when reporting are the main factors. It is unclear how nurses are emotionally involved when handling a child abuse case. Aim: To describe how nurses experience to be involved in child abuse cases and to describe one methodological aspect of the articles this study is based on. Method: Descriptive literature review based on twelve qualitative studies. Result: Nurses felt that the initial suspicion about a child being abused was often based on gut feeling only, causing both insecurity and frustration. The feeling of insecurity followed most nurses throughout the whole case, from suspicion until investigation. Research showed that most nurses felt it was difficult to maintain a professional attitude. Moreover, nurses were scared for their own lives when dealing with child abuse. The negative emotions were often long lasting. When reporting such a case to the authorities nurses could experience both feelings of anxiety and satisfaction. Throughout the investigation resignation and frustration dominated the nurses' cooperation with child protection services due to lack of status updates, for example. One successful way to deal with insecurity was social support from colleagues, but not everyone had access to such a support network. In total, the included studies comprised 222 participants, 161 of whom were nurses, between 25-64 years old. The majority were women and the participants had work experience as a nurse between two and 38 years Conclusion: Dealing with child abuse cases as a nurse is mostly characterized by negative impressions. The feeling of insecurity is predominant and runs lika a red thread from suspicion to investigation. Social support is perceived as a vital resource in order to deal with child abuse cases. However many challenges remain to find more solution focused approaches. A more salutogenic view is needed in research, nursing education and on the work floor in order to improve the conditions for nurses to be able to cope with these experiences.

Obesity is a pandemic that directly affects chronic health problems and mortality. Researchers have shown that more than 54% of nurses are obese. The increasing rate of obesity among nurses and the long hours they work make healthy lifestyles, including daily physical activity, difficult. Tracking daily activity using a pedometer or fitness application has shown improved awareness and sustainability of daily physical activity. This project was an investigation of the daily steps of bedside nurses working a 12-hour shift, and their subsequent awareness of their daily physical activity. Pender's Health Promotion Model was used to consider motivating factors for improving daily physical activity. Thirty-seven nurses were recruited to use a pedometer application for 24 hours on a (12-hour) workday to track their steps for 3 consecutive days, as well as complete a final survey. A repeated measures ANOVA, with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction, determined that there was no statistical difference in the number of steps over the 3 time periods. Seventy-eight percent of the participants indicated that the project increased their awareness of physical activity. Extended research is needed to add a stronger support for the affect of wearing a pedometer and the benefits of increased awareness on health promotion. Pender's health promotion model suggests adding motivating factors such as competition. Fitness trackers now have this function and could play a large role in improving physical activity awareness and the battle of obesity for nurses and the general population. The results of this study may promote positive social change by making nurses more aware of the importance of their health and physical activity, given their long work days.

Qualified registered nurses are needed to provide bedside care to patients, yet there is a known registered nurse shortage in the United States, which has a global impact on the healthcare industry. Contributing to the nursing shortage is turnover, which is partly due to the inadequacies of preparation for role transition of newly qualified registered nurses. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study was to determine if there was a relationship between retention and nursing career satisfaction of registered nurses who experience a transition to practice program and those who did not. Duchscher's transition shock theory served as the theoretical basis of this study. The Mariani Nursing Career Satisfaction Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale were completed by 271 registered nurses with 24 months or less of bedside clinical practice. Data collected were analyzed by performing a one-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results revealed there was no statistically significant difference between those who did and those who did not have a transition to practice program on the combined dependent variables of nursing career satisfaction and retention. A positive linear relationship was found between nursing career satisfaction and retention. Retaining satisfied nurses and easing the burden associated with transitioning into practice can impact positive social change. The positive social change can also impact other healthcare professionals, businesses, and consumers who are associated with the newly qualified registered nurse who is transitioning into practice. Results from this study can inspire future researchers to continue to focus on seeking effective methods that will increase nursing career satisfaction and retention of newly qualified registered nurses transitioning into practice.

Many newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) leave the nursing profession within the first 2 years of employment in a rural hospital located in the Southwestern region of Oklahoma. A strategy to address this problem was to introduce a mentorship process that would help support the NGRNs as they transition into independent practice in the clinical setting. The goal of this project was to develop a mentorship program for future implementation. The Partners In Nursing (PIN) program sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and developed by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the American Nurses Association, was selected to support the NGRN transition from student nurse to practicing clinician with a goal to improve retention rates by 10 percent. Benner's novice to expert framework and the Psychological Empowerment model were used in the development of activities contained within the mentorship program modules. Barrett's theory of power helped to guide the development of resilience activities for the future participants. An evaluation plan was developed to monitor new nurse progress before and during the program using the Casey and Fink questionnaire to evaluate the needs and job performance of the participants. The target hospital National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) was analyzed to help justify the project abe used in future evaluations. Facilitating mentorship will result in social change through increased autonomy of the new professionals, along with improved retention which positively impacts patient outcomes. Social change will bridge the gap in retention and the cost of replacing a NGRN. Dissemination of this project is planned to occur both within the facility and at the relevant national organizations supporting nurse educators.

For several decades, the field of nursing has focused on the integration of cultural competence content into its prelicensure educational programs. Despite this focus, little is known about the cultural competence of nurses extending their education past initial licensure into an advanced practice nursing specialty, such as nurse anesthesia. Researchers in other fields have found that provider race and previous cultural competence training are associated with higher levels of cultural competence. This research, guided by the culture care diversity and universality theory, sought to determine the relationship between the two subscales, Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity (CAS) and the Cultural Competence Behavior (CCB) of the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) tool, and describe the relationships that exist between selected demographic variables and the total cultural competence scores for nurse anesthetists. One hundred and fifty-eight members of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists participated in the study. The total CCA score for the population was 4.98 out of a potential total score of 7 (SD = .79). Mean scores were 5.64 (SD = .73) and 4.38 (SD = 1.19) for the CAS and CCB subscales, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed a positive relationship between post graduate diversity training and total CCA score (B = .28, p < .05). Identifying the cultural competence of this population and the characteristics that are associated with high levels of cultural competence could lead to better provider awareness of their own interactions and perceptions of patients and improved patient-centered care for patients in minority populations who are served by certified registered nurse anesthetists, resulting in positive social change.