The central concern of this thesis is the study of non-equilibrium behaviour in magnetic materials and its interpretation within the framework of the Preisach model of hysteresis. Comprehensive experimental characterizations of the field and temperature and time dependence of a suite of standard magnetic response functions have been performed on a variety of magnetic materials, including a naturally occurring mineral of nanodimensional titanomagnetite particles embedded in volcanic glass, a compressed powder of nanodimensional magnetite particles immobilized in an organic binder, a thin film of nanodimensional Fe particles embedded in alumina, and a series of sintered, bond-disordered CaxSr1-xRuO3 ferromagnets. The measurements were compared with numerical simulations based on a model Preisach ensemble of thermally activated two-level subsystems, characterized individually by a double well free energy profile in a two-dimensional configuration space, an elementary moment reversal, a dissipation field and a bias field, and characterized collectively by a distribution of these characteristic fields. Our efforts were concentrated on two principal spheres of investigation. (1) By performing detailed numerical simulations of the relaxation response of model Preisach collections of two-level subsystems under the same field and temperature protocols used to probe experimentally the relaxation dynamics of spin glasses, we have been able to show that aging, memory and rejuvenation effects are ubiquitous features of all materials which possess a broad distribution of free energy barriers which block the approach to thermal equilibrium. (2) We propose a general strategy for isolating and quantifying the two principal mechanisms, thermal fluctuations and barrier growth, which are jointly responsible for shaping the measured temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of all magnetic materials which exhibit a history dependent response to an external field excitation, and is based on the analysis of viscosity isotherms and, in particular, on a plot of T ln(tr/0) versus Ha , where tr is the time at which a viscosity isotherm measured in a field Ha at temperature T reverses sign. When thermal activation dominates barrier growth, this plot will yield a universal curve while, in the opposite limit the plot fractures into a family of isothermal curves. The strategy is applied to the analysis of each magnetic material listed above.

The central concern of this thesis is the study of non-equilibrium behaviour in magnetic materials and its interpretation within the framework of the Preisach model of hysteresis. Comprehensive experimental characterizations of the field and temperature and time dependence of a suite of standard magnetic response functions have been performed on a variety of magnetic materials, including a naturally occurring mineral of nanodimensional titanomagnetite particles embedded in volcanic glass, a compressed powder of nanodimensional magnetite particles immobilized in an organic binder, a thin film of nanodimensional Fe particles embedded in alumina, and a series of sintered, bond-disordered CaxSr1-xRuO3 ferromagnets. The measurements were compared with numerical simulations based on a model Preisach ensemble of thermally activated two-level subsystems, characterized individually by a double well free energy profile in a two-dimensional configuration space, an elementary moment reversal, a dissipation field and a bias field, and characterized collectively by a distribution of these characteristic fields. Our efforts were concentrated on two principal spheres of investigation. (1) By performing detailed numerical simulations of the relaxation response of model Preisach collections of two-level subsystems under the same field and temperature protocols used to probe experimentally the relaxation dynamics of spin glasses, we have been able to show that aging, memory and rejuvenation effects are ubiquitous features of all materials which possess a broad distribution of free energy barriers which block the approach to thermal equilibrium. (2) We propose a general strategy for isolating and quantifying the two principal mechanisms, thermal fluctuations and barrier growth, which are jointly responsible for shaping the measured temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of all magnetic materials which exhibit a history dependent response to an external field excitation, and is based on the analysis of viscosity isotherms and, in particular, on a plot of T ln(tr/0) versus Ha , where tr is the time at which a viscosity isotherm measured in a field Ha at temperature T reverses sign. When thermal activation dominates barrier growth, this plot will yield a universal curve while, in the opposite limit the plot fractures into a family of isothermal curves. The strategy is applied to the analysis of each magnetic material listed above.

In the late twentieth century, global economic forces changed the face of many North American cities. Cities which were built upon industry, that had provided both job certainty and economic vitality, faced questions of survival in response to shrinking population and urban blight. Unprepared for these drastic changes and unable to address them survival gave way to resignation. Buffalo, New York is an example of a once successful and vital city that continues to experience de-population due to the collapse of its industries. The collapse not only created economic repercussions but also effected the city’s built environment. Many of the Buffalo’s urban monuments, testaments to the ambition of the city, now sit empty; as do the working class neighbourhoods that surround them. The Thesis examines the role which architecture can play in understanding, strategizing and re-envisioning the life of deteriorating cities. Focusing on the City of Buffalo, the design centers on the New York Central Terminal. It proposes a radical repurposing of the Terminal to create a new urban hub which will spur the re-building of the city’s urban fabric. The design outlines a staged 25 year strategy for the de-construction of sparse areas and the strengthening of critical urban networks, thus creating a strong framework upon which a new physical fabric for the city can build and develop overtime. The Terminal, once a significant rail hub is re-envisioned as a revitalized hub for the new city. A key connective point within this urban framework, it encapsulates a variety of program moved from the surrounding neighbourhood to the site. The Terminal will act as an architectural catalyst for change, working within the larger urban strategy to spur a natural re-growth and densification of the city. The thesis presents the radical re-thinking of the architect’s role in the twenty-first century. As current economies and industries face change the urban climate is adapting from one of constant growth to one of strategic re-use. Skeletons of once successful cities lay across the North American landscape. Their urban artifacts: the grain mill, steel manufacturing plant and rail yards, which once supported whole cities as both providers of employment and definers of cultural identity, now stand as empty reminders of a prosperous past. The Thesis shows how these buildings , like the New York Central Terminal can be given a renewed cultural significance and powerful roles within the revived urban life of their cities.

Hardware evolves faster than software. While a hardware system might need replacement every one to five years, the average lifespan of a software system is a decade, with some instances living up to several decades. Inevitably, code outlives the platform it was developed for and may become legacy: development of the software stops, but maintenance has to continue to keep up with the evolving ecosystem. No new features are added, but the software is still used to fulfil its original purpose. Even in the cases where it is still functional (which discourages its replacement), legacy code is inefficient, costly to maintain, and a risk to security. This thesis proposes methods to leverage the expertise put in the development of legacy code and to extend its useful lifespan, rather than to throw it away. A novel methodology is proposed, for automatically exploiting platform specific optimisations when retargeting a program to another platform. The key idea is to leverage the optimisation information embedded in vector processing intrinsic functions. The performance of the resulting code is shown to be close to the performance of manually retargeted programs, however with the human labour removed. Building on top of that, the question of discovering optimisation information when there are no hints in the form of intrinsics or annotations is investigated. This thesis postulates that such information can potentially be extracted from profiling the data flow during executions of the program. A context-aware data dependence profiling system is described, detailing previously overlooked aspects in related research. The system is shown to be essential in surpassing the information that can be inferred statically, in particular about loop iterators. Loop iterators are the controlling part of a loop. This thesis describes and evaluates a system for extracting the loop iterators in a program. It is found to significantly outperform previously known techniques and further increases the amount of information about the structure of a program that is available to a compiler. Combining this system with data dependence profiling improves its results even more. Loop iterator recognition enables other code modernising techniques, like source code rejuvenation and commutativity analysis. The former increases the use of idiomatic code and as a result increases the maintainability of the program. The latter can potentially drive parallelisation and thus dramatically improve runtime performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Nara_Cristina_Ristow.pdf: 1070166 bytes, checksum: b4c300a1528b3846038c18df172a3e8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-10 / Blueberry is a temperate fruit species climate, cultivated in Europe, in the United State and Canada, where it has a great economic importance. Its cultivation has driven to a significant expansion in the last years, due to the fruit nutritional characteristics. Blueberries are rich in vitamins and minerals, low calorie and have high antioxidant concentration, establishing a demanding market in healthy foods. The supply of uniform plants with high quality and the development of an efficient and competitive production system added to marketing strategies are among the technologies to be adapted. The objectives of this work were: (i) to determine a suitable substrate to vegetative propagation by microcutting technique and blueberry plant growth; (ii) validate the technique of microcutting; (iii) to evaluate rooting and surviving capacity of blueberry microcuttings. Different experiments were done to achieve the objectives. It was evaluated growth of in vitro-originated plant of cultivar Georgiagem in different substrates. The microcuttings were kept under moist micro-environment conditions at both regulated temperature and light. It was evaluated the blueberry microcutting technique to the cultivars Georgiagem, O‟Neal and Misty under moist micro-environment method, two microcuttings collection period and two IBA concentrations. Was evaluated plant surviving of the cultivars Georgiagem and O‟Neal. Also, it was verified rooting potential of blueberry microcutting treated with different concentrations of indolbutiric acid (IBA) in powder formulation. It was concluded that the substrates such as pinus needle + soil and plantmax®, followed by plantmax® + perlite and rice rull + soil promoted better blueberry plant development of the cv. Georgiagem. The substrates sphagnum peat moss and the mixes of peat + perlite, peat + perlite + coconut fiber and peat + perlite + sawdust allowed higher rooting percentage. The results referent to microcutting rooting, showing high levels of rooting for the cultivars Misty, O'Neal and Georgiagem. The plant surviving of blueberry cultivars O‟Neal and Georgiagem propagated by microcutting method was superior to 90%. The application of 4000 mg/kg of IBA promoted the best rooting rates and root volume of blueberry microcuttings cultivar Climax, showing rooting percentage of 91,67. / O mirtileiro é uma espécie frutífera de clima temperado, cultivada na Europa, nos Estados Unidos e Canadá, onde tem grande importância econômica. Seu cultivo tem apresentado grande expansão nos últimos anos, devido às características nutricionais do fruto, que é rico em vitaminas e minerais, possui baixas calorias e uma alta concentração de antioxidantes, determinando a demanda do mercado exigente em alimentos saudáveis. A oferta de mudas uniformes e de qualidade e desenvolvimento de sistema de produção eficiente e competitivo, aliado a estratégias de marketing , estão dentre as medidas a serem adotadas para o aumento da área cultivada. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) definir um substrato adequado para a propagação vegetativa através da técnica de microestaquia e para o crescimento de mudas de mirtileiro; (ii) validar a técnica de microestaquia; (iii) avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento e sobrevivência de microestacas de mirtileiro. Para atingir os objetivos, foram realizados diferentes trabalhos. Avaliou-se o crescimento de mudas de mirtileiro, cultivar Georgiagem, oriundas de multiplicação in vitro em diferentes substratos. Da mesma forma, foram avaliados diferentes substratos para a técnica de microestaquia mantidas em condições de micro-ambiente úmido com temperatura e luz controlada. Foi avaliada a técnica de microestaquia para cultivares de mirtileiro do grupo southern highbush em dois períodos de coletas, sob micro-ambiente úmido, e a sobrevivência de mudas, obtidas através desta técnica. Foi verificado o efeito do AIB no enraizamento de microestacas de mirtileiro grupo rabbiteye da cultivar Clímax. Nas condições em que foram realizados os trabalhos, conclui-se que: Os substratos acícula de pinus + solo e plantmax®, seguido pelos substratos plantmax® + perlita e casca de arroz + solo, promoveram maior desenvolvimento das mudas de mirtilo, cultivar Georgiagem. Os substratos testados turfa de musgo sphagnum e as misturas turfa + perlita, turfa + perlita + fibra de coco, turfa + perlita + serragem, permitiram a obtenção de um maior percentual de enraizamento. Os resultados referentes ao enraizamento de microestacas, mostraram-se eficiente, apresentando elevados índices de enraizamento para as cultivares Misty, O‟Neal e Georgiagem. A sobrevivência das mudas de mirtileiro cultivares O‟Neal e Georgiagem, propagadas pelo método de microestaquia foram superiores a 90%. A aplicação de 4.000 mg kg-1 de AIB proporcionou os melhores índices de enraizamento e crescimento radicular de microestacas de mirtileiro cultivar Climax, com percentuais de enraizamento de 91,67%.

Experten dreier deutscher Hochschulen entwickelten gemeinsam mit der Ostdeutschen Gesellschaft für Forstplanung mbH ein neues, forstliches Monitoringsystem. Das Verbundprojekt „Entwicklung eines forstlichen Monitoringsystems unter Berücksichtigung von Kohlenstoffspeicherung und Klimaanpassung“ (FOMOSY-KK) wird vorgestellt.

Background: Facial fat grafting for rejuvenation is one of the most popular facial aesthetic procedures in plastic surgery. It is always challenging and since there are a lot of techniques for adipose tissue (AT) harvesting, there are no standard procedures that guarantee natural and long-lasting results. We developed the selective tissue engineering photo stimulation technique (One STEP™) in which we used a novel infrared 1210-nm wavelength laser diode for fat preserved harvesting and direct fat injection that we named PicoGraft™, with no fat manipulation. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study in which we included all senior author’s patients that got facial fat grafting using the One STEP™ technique. We compared the AT aspirated, after laser emission (STEP-PicoGraft) and the standard assisted liposuction samples (SAL) in cultures. We study the mitochondrial activity of the ASC between STEP and SAL in fresh samples and after 24 h. The evaluation of the results included subjective changes regarding wrinkles, grooves, palpebral bags, hyperchromic spots, and fat hypotrophy of our patients. Results: Between July 2013 and May 2018, a total of 245 patients underwent facial fat grafting using this novel technique. We observed adipocytes preserved after STEP harvesting comparing morphologic changes in SAL samples with a high concentration of inflammatory particles in cultures. ASC mitochondrial activity shows an important difference of more than 7 times in STEP samples in fresh analysis that increase 12 times in 24 h. The subjective results show a good improvement in the periorbital area. The changes on the skin and subcutaneous tissue are seen from the second month and continue to improve up to 12 months. Conclusions: Facial fat grafting using the PicoGraft™ obtained by One STEP™ technique gives excellent volumetric and regenerative results in a single treatment without volumetric hypercorrection, and it is a good alternative for facial rejuvenation. The fat graft obtained with this novel technique is homogenous, without lumps, and has high concentration of viable stimulated ADSC and a high number of viable adipocytes. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. / Revisión por pares

In this study, the time-dependent deformation behavior of several model bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was studied. The BMGs were obtained in different structural states by thermal relaxation below their glass transition temperature, cryogenic thermal cycling, and chemical rejuvenation by micro-alloying. The creep behavior of Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 BMG in different structural states was investigated as a function of peak load and temperature. The creep strain rate sensitivity (SRS) indicated a transition from shear transformation zone (STZ) mediated deformation at room temperature to diffusion dominated mechanisms at high temperatures. The relaxation enthalpy of Zr47Cu46Al7 BMG was found to increase significantly with the addition of 1 at% Ti, namely for Zr47Cu45Al7Ti1. Comparison of their respective free volumes indicated that chemical rejuvenation had a more pronounced effect compared to cryogenic thermal rejuvenation. Micro-pillar compression tests supported the improved plasticity with increase in free volume from the rejuvenation effect. Effect of chemistry change on mechanical response and time-dependent deformation was investigated for topologically equivalent Pt-Pd BMGs, where the Pt atoms were systematically replaced with Pd atoms (Pt42.5-xPdx)Cu27Ni9.5P21: x=0, 7.5, 20, 22.5, 35, 42.5). The hardness and reduced modulus increased while the degree of plasticity decreased with increase in Pd-content, which was attributed to the increase in stiffer 3-atom cluster connections. STZ volume was calculated for all the BMGs using cooperative shear model (CSM) for fundamental understanding of the underlying deformation mechanisms.

No description available.

Avaliar a biocompatibilidade do fio lifting biológico - fio serrilhado de poliuretana de óleo de mamona - e sua eficácia no rejuvenescimento facial. Na primeira etapa deste trabalho implantamos os fios no dorso de camundongos, que foram sacrificados com 03, 07, 15 e 30 dias com posterior análise histológica por microscopia óptica. Na segunda fase implantamos os fios na face de pacientes com flacidez dérmica e analisamos, fotograficamente e através de uma modelagem numérico-computacional o resultado (rejuvenescimento), com intervalos entre 07 e 60 dias. As análises histológicas demonstraram uma rápida integração do fio ao tecido celular subcutâneo com formação abundante de colágeno e as fotografias dos pacientes revelaram uma maior firmeza da derme e um rejuvenescimento facial, comprovados pela análise computacional. Suas características químicas e físicas e os resultados iniciais nos permitem acreditar que o fio lifting biológico - fio serrilhado de poliuretana do óleo de mamona - apresenta elevada biocompatibilidade com uma rápida integração ao tecido subcutâneo sendo uma excelente opção no rejuvenescimento facial. / Evaluate the biological lifting thread - castor oil polyurethane serrulate thread - bio-compatibility and it´s eficacy on facial rejuvenation. At first we implanted the threads in subcutaneous tissues on mice backs that were sacrificed after 03, 07, 15 and 30 days, followed by histological analysis of material by using optical microscopy. Later, implants were carried out in patients with facial dermal flaccidity, and comparisons were made through photographs between 7 and 60 days, than we made a numerical-computational modelling comparision of this photographs. Histological analysis showed a quick thread integration with the celular subcutaneous tissue by a large amount of colagen syntesis and the patients photographs showed facial rejuvenation with improvement of the skin flaccidity comproved by numerical modelling. It`s chemical and physical characteristics and the initial results allow us belive that the biological lifting thread - castor oil polyurethane serrulate thread - has good bio-compatibility and fast integration with the celular subcutaneous tissue being an excellent option for the facial rejuvenation.