Titel: Känslan av samhörighet inom fastighetsmäklarbranschen Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Johanna Husak och Maja OlofssonHandledare: Lars-Johan ÅgeDatum: 2024 – Maj Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur känslan av samhörighet på arbetsplatsen påverkar motivationen, prestationen och välmåendet hos fastighetsmäklare. Metod: Studien tillämpar ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt i form av en enkätundersökning. Den totala populationen består av 7437 fastighetsmäklare. Urvalet, som tilldelats enkäten, består av 3000 fastighetsmäklare och av dessa har 249 personer svarat. Datan har analyserats i form av deskriptiv statistik och bivariata korrelationsanalyser med hjälp av statistikverktyget JASP . Resultat och slutsats: Undersökningen visar att samhörighet påverkar välmåendet och motivationen, studien visar bland annat ett starkt negativt samband mellan samhörighet och amotivation. Amotivation visar i sin tur en stark negativ korrelation till både prestation och välmående. Därför dras slutsatsen att det viktigaste är att undvika amotivation eftersom det leder till både sämre prestation och välmående. I och med den starka negativa kopplingen mellan samhörighet och amotivation bör företag fokusera på att skapa en miljö som uppfyller fastighetsmäklarnas behov av samhörighet eftersom det kan leda till ökad prestation och välmående. Examensarbetets bidrag: Personer i fastighetsmäklarbranschen kan ta del av studien för att förstå vikten av samhörighet på arbetsplatsen och hur denna kan skapas. Genom att skapa samhörighet på arbetsplatsen är det möjligt att motivera anställda som i sin tur både presterar och mår bättre. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Föreliggande studie fokuserar endast på behovet av samhörighet, vilket är ett av tre grundläggande psykologiska behov. Det hade därför varit intressant att i stället fokusera på autonomi och kompetens för att se om något av dem är viktigare för fastighetsmäklare. Det hade även varit intressant att undersöka om relationen med sin chef har en större eller mindre påverkan på känslan av samhörighet än vad relationen med övriga kollegor har. Nyckelord: Samhörighet, motivation, prestation, välmående, fastighetsmäklare / Title: Relatedness in the real estate agent industry Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Johanna Husak and Maja OlofssonSupervisor: Lars-Johan ÅgeDate: 2024 - May Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine how relatedness in the workplace affects motivation, performance, and well-being among real estate agents in Sweden. Method: The study is based on a quantitative approach in form of a survey. The total population consists of 7437 real estate agents. The sample, which received the survey, consists of 3000 real estate agents, and out of these, 249 individuals have responded. The data has been analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation analyses in the statistical program JASP. Results and conclusions: The study shows that relatedness affects well-being and motivation, with the study showing a strong negative correlation between relatedness and amotivation. In turn, amotivation shows a strong negative correlation with both performance and well-being. Therefore, the conclusion is that it is most important to avoid amotivation since it leads to both poorer performance and well-being. Given the strong negative link between relatedness and amotivation, companies should focus on creating an environment that fulfills the real estate agents’ need for relatedness, as this can lead to increased performance and well-being. Contribution of the thesis: People in the real estate industry can use this study to understand the importance of relatedness in the workplace and how it can be created. By creating relatedness at work, it is possible to motivate employees who, in turn, both perform better and have improved well-being. Suggestions for future research: The present study focuses on the need for relatedness, which is one of three basic psychological needs. Therefore, further research is suggested to focus on the other needs to see if any of them are more important for real estate agents. It would also be interesting to investigate whether the relationship with one's supervisor has a greater or lesser impact on the need for relatedness than the relationship with other colleagues. Key words: Relatedness, motivation, performance, well-being, real estate agents

The COVID-19 pandemic gave rise to a massive shift to remote work, which proved to be beneficial to employees as it increased flexibility and well-being. Some organizations this post-pandemic are insisting on a return to the office, differing over preferences for work and revealing the absence of studies on how work arrangements impact employee motivation in the long run. This study aims to understand remote work implications from an individual employee's perspective. Gaining insight into employees' perspectives regarding remote work can yield valuable information concerning the possible opportunities and challenges associated with remote work in a post-pandemic era. In our research design, we used a qualitative research approach that incorporated semi-structured interviews. Ten participants in this study were recruited, and all ten participants worked in the financial industry and were between 31 and 65 years of age. The results have shown that early-career employees prefer the skill development and social benefits of working in the office, while mid-career employees prefer the autonomy of remote work. Remote work also comes with challenges, as some employees feel demotivated working at home. Employees resist return-to-office policies to preserve the flexibility and autonomy of remote work, favoring hybrid models. A large proportion of employees would seek other organizations that offer remote work.

The entry of immigrants into their incoming country as well as their subsequent spread over the country's territory occurs through processes that have a strong spatial bias. The specific migration groups (here defined as the set of immigrants with the same country of origin) tend to reveal different levels and patterns of their spatial concentrations. The understanding of these similarities and dissimilarities in spatial behaviour is important task from both academic and policy perspective. This thesis has a quantitative character and it is based on the study of "spatial relatedness" of migration groups, which is defined as a rate, how much do given migration groups concentrate into the same regions. The thesis is based on a simple assumption that the spatial relatedness mirrors mutual proximity or similarity between these groups in other respects (e.g. cultural or economical). Plenty of datasets describing spatial distribution of migrants within 32 territorial systems on various scales (from global to local) are analysed. These systems will be analysed separately at first and then a synthesis of these partial results will be done with the aim to discover prevailing pattern of the spatial relatedness of migration groups. The assessments consists of several steps, which include particularly calculation of...

Queixadas (Tayassu pecari) são mamíferos ungulados sociais que vivem em bandos que facilmente ultrapassam 100 indivíduos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) avaliar se há relação entre o parentesco e a estrutura social das queixadas e 2) re-analisar se há diferenciação genética entre queixadas de duas localidades do Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul, utilizando maior amostragem de indivíduos e de marcadores microssatélites. Foram genotipadas 184 amostras de queixadas (53 da Fazendo Rio Negro, RN e 131 da Fazenda Santa Emília, SE) para 15 microssatélites. O número de alelos encontrados variou de 2 a 12, com média de 4,60 em RN e 5,07 em SE. Embora o número de alelos médio foi significativamente maior em SE do que em RN (p < 0,05), a riqueza alélica média (4,59 na RN e 4,69 na SE) e as heterozigosidades médias observada e esperada (0,50 e 0,53 na RN e 0,55 e 0,55 na SE, respectivamente) foram similares em ambas as localidades, (p > 0,05). A mediana do coeficiente de parentesco em ambas as localidades foi significativamente maior entre os indivíduos de mesmo grupo de coleta do que entre os indivíduos de grupos de coleta diferentes, tanto para a análise incluindo todos os indivíduos como para a análise sem os indivíduos jovens. Isso sugere que tal resultado não é influenciado por possível captura de um jovem com seu progenitor. De forma similar, a mediana do coeficiente de parentesco considerando o sexo dos indivíduos (macho/macho, macho/fêmea e fêmea/fêmea) dentro e entre os grupos de coleta foi significativamente maior entre as categorias dentro dos grupos de coleta do que entre os grupos de coleta, tanto com os indivíduos jovens como sem os indivíduos jovens. Tais resultados sugerem que o parentesco possui influência na formação dos grupos sociais. O valor de FST encontrado entre as localidades foi de 0,017 e significativamente diferente de zero e o valor de DEST foi de 0,015. A análise Bayesiana, assumindo o modelo de mistura entre as populações e frequências alélicas correlacionadas, apontou o valor de K=1 como sendo o mais provável. Quando a localidade de coleta foi informada, o valor de K mais provável foi de 2 e os agrupamentos corresponderam exatamente às localidades amostradas. Esses resultados indicam que as queixadas das duas localidades estudadas compõem duas populações com alto fluxo gênico entre elas / White-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) are social ungulates that live in herds of usually more than 100 individuals. The aims of the present study were: 1) to evaluate whether there is any correlation between relatedness and social structure of white-lipped peccaries and 2) to re-examine whether there is significant genetic differentiation in white-lipped peccaries from two adjacent locations of the Brazilian Pantanal, based on a larger sample of individuals and of microsatellite markers. In total, 184 peccaries (53 from Fazenda Rio Negro, RN and 131 from Fazenda Santa Emilia, SE) were genotyped for 15 microsatellites. The number of alleles observed per microsatellite varied from 2 to 12, with a mean of 4.60 in RN and 5.07 in SE. Although the mean number of alleles was significantly higher in SE than in RN (p < 0.05), the mean allelic richness (4.59 in RN and 4.69 in SE) and mean observed and expected heterozygosities (0.50 and 0.53 in RN and 0.55 and 0.55 in SE, respectively) were similar in both locations (p > 0,05). The median of the coefficient of relatedness in both locations was significantly higher between individuals captured together than between individuals from different capture groups, both for the analyses including all individuals as for the analyses without the youngsters. This suggests that this result is not influenced by the possible capture of a young with its parent. Similarly, the median of the coefficient of relatedness according to gender (male vs. male, male vs. female, and female vs. female) was significantly higher within than among capture groups, including or excluding young individuals. Those results suggest that relatedness has some importance in the social structure of white-lipped peccaries. The FST between the locations was 0.017 and significantly different from zero and the DEST was 0.015. The Bayesian analysis, assuming the model of population mixture and correlated allele frequencies, showed that the most likely K was 1. When the collection site was included in the analysis, the most likely value of K was 2 and the clusters corresponded exactly to the locations of origin of the samples. Those results suggest that the white-lipped peccaries of the two sites studied comprise two populations with high levels of gene flow between them

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-16T16:50:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel Arcanjo dos Santos Neto.pdf: 268842 bytes, checksum: ffc97fe7f597d810577265479d03c8e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T16:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel Arcanjo dos Santos Neto.pdf: 268842 bytes, checksum: ffc97fe7f597d810577265479d03c8e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-29 / The surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, is one of the most important native fish species in South American hydrographic basins, especially in São Francisco River, where it is considered a top chain predator. Different aspects have contributed to the decline of this species populations, especially at the submedium São Francisco, thus raising the necessity of a restocking program to recover the resource. A basic principle in such programs is that a large number of unrelated wild fish should ideally be used as founders, when possible or, alternatively, a small number of unrelated wild fish with few genetic relatedness could be used. Therefore, the genetic structure of the founder stock constitutes an essencial information to the success of such programs. This project aimed to evaluate the genetic structure of the founder stock of the restocking program of surubim maintained by Chesf in Paulo Afonso city, through the use of microsatellite molecular markers. DNA of 80 breeders were genotyped for 5 different microsatellite markers. PCR products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained with silver nitrate. Statistical analysis were carried out using GENEPOP software, in which parameters such as number of alleles (A), observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosities (He), Hardy-Weinberg deviation, linkage disequilibrium and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were calculated. GenAlEx 6.1 was used to calculate the number of effective alleles and relatedness coefficient (rxy). Results showed that the number of alleles ranged between from 6 to 18 and the number of effective alleles, from 3.28 to 9.25. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.63 and 0.84, respectively. All loci, except Pcor5, showed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0,001). Average inbreeding coefficient (FIS) for the 5 loci was 0.24. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium, when corrected by Bonferroni, were significant for loci Pcor21 and Pcor10 (P<0.05). The average relatedness coefficient (rxy) was -0.008 for a total number of 2926 possible pairwise combinations. A great genetic diversity, expressed in number of alleles and in a low value of average relatedness, was obtained despite a deficit of heterozygotes was observed in this stock. Such deficit seems to reflect the strategy adopted in the composition of this stock, in which individuals caught at the medium and lower São Francisco River, separated by two dams, were mixed together. It is feasible to conclude that this founder stock retained genetic diversity comparable to those found in the wild stocks and could be used in a restocking program. / Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (surubim) é um peixe encontrado nas principais bacias hidrográficas sul-americanas, sendo considerado o primeiro predador da bacia do Rio São Francisco. Diversos fatores vêm comprometendo seriamente as populações de surubim no São Francisco, especialmente no submédio, despertando a necessidade de se investir em programas de propagação artificial que recuperem este recurso. Uma premissa básica de tais programas é utilizar um grande número de indivíduos selvagens como estoque fundador, quando possível, ou alternativamente, um número menor de indivíduos selvagens, mas com pouca relação genética de parentesco. A estrutura genética do plantel de fundadores constitui, portanto, uma informação essencial para o sucesso de um programa de repovoamento. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura genética do plantel de fundadores do programa de repovoamento do surubim, a ser desenvolvido pela Chesf em Paulo Afonso, através da utilização de marcadores moleculares de microssatélite. DNA de 80 reprodutores foram analisados para 5 diferentes marcadores de microssatélite. Os produtos de PCR foram separados por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida corados com nitrato de prata. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o programa computacional GENEPOP, onde parâmetros como número de alelos (A), heterozigosidades observada (Ho) e esperada (He), desvio do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, desequilíbrio de ligação e coeficiente de consangüinidade (FIS) foram calculados. O programa GenAlEx 6.1 foi utilizado para calcular o número de alelos efetivos e o estimador de relação genética (rxy). Os resultados mostraram que o número de alelos variou de 6 a 18 e o de alelos efetivos (Ae), de 3,28 a 9,25. As heterozigosidades médias observadas e esperadas encontradas foram de 0,63 e 0,84, respectivamente. Todos os loci, a exceção do Pcor5, mostraram desvio do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (P<0,001). O coeficiente de consangüinidade (FIS) médio calculado para os 5 loci foi de 0,24. As análises de desequilíbrio de ligação, quando corrigidas pelo método de Bonferroni, mostraram-se significativas apenas para os loci Pcor21 e Pcor10 (P<0,05). O valor médio do coeficiente de relação genética (rxy) foi de -0,008 para um total de 2926 combinações de possíveis casais. Uma grande diversidade alélica caracterizou o estoque fundador e, muito embora um déficit de heterozigotos tenha sido registrado, uma baixa relação de parentesco foi encontrada para o plantel em questão. Tal déficit parece refletir a estratégia de composição deste plantel em que indivíduos, oriundos do médio e do baixo São Francisco, separados por duas barragens, foram unidos. É possível concluir que o plantel fundador manteve uma diversidade alélica comparável àquela encontrada em estoques selvagens e poderá ser usado em um programa de repovoamento.

Improved standard of living has been followed by demographic changes and increased retirement age. Hence today’s organizations manage a diverse workforce of four generations, each of them with its own distinct attributes. Likewise, tomorrows organizations will consist of a generational diversity of five to six generations. Most research on generations has focused on characteristics and attitude differences. Drawing on the crucial and continual work of motivation - a journey without an end - this qualitative research study examined the most recent generation currently entering the labor force, Generation Z, and their workplace motivation. More specifically, the study explored if, and how, the generation is influenced by intrinsic motivation and its three basic needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness with regards to Self-Determination Theory and transformational leadership. Leaders role in promoting autonomy, competence and relatedness were analyzed at. The findings are based on semi-structured interviews with seven employees from Generation Z and three leaders. Our results showed that Generation Z is clearly impacted by and requesting intrinsic motivation in work life. In particular, the need for competence and a higher level of disloyalty towards the employer were portrayed. Furthermore, the strong demand for feedback among the generation was disclosed, suggesting more time-consuming measures from leaders.

Background: Individuals who experience negative life events may be at increased risk for suicidal behavior. Intrapersonal characteristics, such as basic psychological needs, however, may buffer this association. Aims: To assess the potential moderating role of overall basic psychological needs, and the separate components of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, on the association between negative life events and suicidal behavior. MethodOur sample of 439 college students (311 females, 71%) completed the following self-report surveys: Life Events Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Beck Depression Inventory ; II, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Results: In support of our hypotheses, negative life events were associated with greater levels of suicidal ideation and attempts, and satisfaction of basic psychological needs, including autonomy, relatedness, and competence, significantly moderated this relationship, over and above the effects of the covariates of age, sex, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior associated with the experience of negative life events is not inevitable. Therapeutically bolstering competence, autonomy, and relatedness may be an important suicide prevention strategy for individuals experiencing life stressors.

The exponential growth of scientific literature is creating an increased need for systems to process and assimilate knowledge contained within text. Literature Based Discovery (LBD) is a well established field that seeks to synthesize new knowledge from existing literature, but it has remained primarily in the theoretical realm rather than in real-world application. This lack of real-world adoption is due in part to the difficulty of LBD, but also due to several solvable problems present in LBD today. Of these problems, the ones in most critical need of improvement are: (1) the over-generation of knowledge by LBD systems, (2) a lack of meaningful evaluation standards, and (3) the difficulty interpreting LBD output. We address each of these problems by: (1) developing indirect relatedness measures for ranking and filtering LBD hypotheses; (2) developing a representative evaluation dataset and applying meaningful evaluation methods to individual components of LBD; (3) developing an interactive visualization system that allows a user to explore LBD output in its entirety. In addressing these problems, we make several contributions, most importantly: (1) state of the art results for estimating direct semantic relatedness, (2) development of set association measures, (3) development of indirect association measures, (4) development of a standard LBD evaluation dataset, (5) division of LBD into discrete components with well defined evaluation methods, (6) development of automatic functional group discovery, and (7) integration of indirect relatedness measures and automatic functional group discovery into a comprehensive LBD visualization system. Our results inform future development of LBD systems, and contribute to creating more effective LBD systems.

<p>Analysis of genetic relatedness is of great importance in forensic casework such as immigration and identification cases. The conventional methods for relationship testing are not sufficient in the most complicated cases, because more genetic markers are required to obtain results with satisfactory statistical security. This study demonstrates that microarrays, which can be used to genotype thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), could be a promising solution to this problem. The microarray technique used in this study performed very well on blood samples and also worked well in combination with whole genome amplification, but did not generate any results when used on severely degraded materials.</p><p>Markers suitable for relatedness analysis were selected from the microarray and were successfully tested on families with known genetic relations. Although a maximum of 64 autosomal markers were used, there is a great potential of selecting the hundreds or thousands of markers that may be required in some cases of relatedness investigation.</p>

<p>Genetic structuring is common in natural populations. It is important to identify and consider population structure when studying evolutionary processes. Recently, the discovery of genetic structuring in some lekking bird species has opened up new perspectives on our understanding of the evolution of lek mating systems.</p><p>This thesis uses molecular data to identify patterns of broad and fine scale genetic structuring in the lekking white-bearded manakin Manacus manacus. Additionally, data on male mating success, female visiting patterns and behavioural, morphological and territorial characteristics of individual males are used to identify variables that may influence the distribution of matings in this species.</p><p>Analysis of genetic divergence within the genus Manacus revealed genetic sub-structuring and limited gene flow between species/subspecies. There was no significant isolation by distance relationship. Factors such as physical barriers to gene flow may play a role in shaping the genetic structure of the bearded manakin genus.</p><p>White-bearded manakin leks on Trinidad were composed of groups of related males. More than one such kin group existed on each lek. That related males gather in groups suggests that genetic structuring is not simply a consequence of limited dispersal. Active choices must take place by both residential and newly arrived birds.</p><p>Female visits to, and matings with, males were non-random. Centrality of male display court was the only measured variable that consistently correlated with male mating success. More aggressive displays were made as the distance between courts decreased. There was no significant relationship between the number of aggressive displays made between males and relatedness levels. Males with high mating success spent more time in aggressive behaviours.</p><p>In conclusion, white-bearded manakin lek formation and display court acquisition is likely to be influenced by genetic relatedness levels and male-male interactions. Centrality of court seemed important in mating success and may be an indicator of male dominance. However, a variety of other factors may also influence mating success and may be variable over time.</p>