La détection de gènes est une étape importante dans la compréhension des effets de l'information génétique d'un individu sur ses caractères phénotypiques. Durant mon doctorat, j'ai étudié les méthodes statistiques pour conduire les analyses de génétique d'association, avec les hybrides de maïs comme modèle d'application. Je me suis tout d'abord intéressé à l'estimation des paramètres d'apparentement entre individus à partir de données de marqueurs bialléliques. Cette estimation est réalisée dans le cadre d'un modèle de mélange paramétrique. J'ai étudié l'identifiabilité de ce modèle dans un cadre général mais aussi dans un cadre plus spécifique où les individus étudiés étaient issus de croisements entre lignées, cadre représentatif des plans de croisement classiquement utilisés en génétique végétale. Je me suis ensuite intéressé à l'estimation des paramètres des modèles mixtes à plusieurs composantes de variance et plus particulièrement à la performance des algorithmes pour tester l'effet de très nombreux marqueurs. J'ai comparé pour cela des logiciels existants et optimisé un algorithme Min-Max. La pertinence des différentes méthodes développées a finalement été illustrée dans le cadre de la détection de QTL à travers une analyse d'association réalisée sur un panel d'hybrides de maïs. / The detection of genes is a first step to understand the impact of the genetic information of individuals on their phenotypes. During my PhD, I studied statistical methods to perform genome-wide association studies, with maize hybrids as an application case. Firstly, I studied the inference of relatedness coefficients between individuals from biallelic marker data. This estimation is based on a parametric mixture model. I studied the identifiability of this model in the generic case but also in the specific case of mating design where observed individuals are obtained by crossing lines, a representative case of classical mating design in plant genetics. Then I studied inference of variance component mixed model parameters and particularly the performance of algorithms to test effects of numerous markers. I compared existing programs and I optimized a Min-Max algorithm. Relevance of developed methods had been illustrated for the detection of QTLs through a genome-wide association analysis in a maize hybrids panel.

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of interpreting the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) in constructivist terms. This research project involved a qualitative approach, focusing on abductive discovery and phenomenological critique. From constructivist theory, the core ordering processes of reality, identity, power, value, and relatedness were used to interpret a subject's TAT narratives. The author of the study chose one subject from the three with which he worked to present a case study. Chapter One of the research project reviews the literature of both TAT studies and constructivist theory. The author first discussed reliability and validity studies involving the TAT. Second, the author discussed constructivist theory, focusing on its philosophical antecedents and its theoretical framework. Chapter Two of the project establishes the methods and procedures utilized during the project. The core ordering processes as taken from constructivist theory are defined and discussed in detail. Chapter Three represents the bulk of the study, presenting the results and discussion of the results. Following a discussion of the results, the author critiqued the results, and based on the critique discussed procedural changes and implications for future research.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om nyttjandet av flexibel arbetstid predicerar inrearbetsmotivation. En webbaserad enkätundersökning innehållande 28 frågor skickades ut till152 tjänstemän i en offentlig organisation, totalt deltog 80 respondenter i undersökningen. Föratt mäta inre arbetsmotivation användes Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work (BPNS-W) skalan som mäter autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet och är baserad på self-determination theory (SDT). Resultatet visade att nyttjandet av flexibel arbetstid signifikant predicerar dimensionerna autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet som leder till inrearbetsmotivation. Studiens slutsats vara att nyttjandet av flexibel arbetstid kan predicera inrearbetsmotivation i viss grad. / The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of flexible working hourspredicts intrinsic work motivation. A web-based survey containing 28 questions was sent to152 officials in a public organization, a total of 80 respondents participated in the survey. Tomeasure intrinsic work motivation, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work(BPNS-W) scale was used. It contains measures of autonomy, competence and relatednessand is based on self-determination theory (SDT). The results showed that the use of flexibleworking hours significantly predicts the dimensions of autonomy, competence and relatednessthat lead to intrinsic work motivation. The conclusion of the study was that the use of flexibleworking hours can predict intrinsic work motivation to some extent.

Work motivation has been a topic of significance for a very long time, however, since there has been a recent shift towards remote work, traditional motivational theories might need to be reconsidered and applied to the new way of working. The self-determination theory (SDT) is one of many motivational theories, which says that once the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are reached, individuals will experience high amounts of motivation. In order to dive deeper into the topic of motivation in remote work, the purpose of our study is therefore to explore this area of research by examining how managerial support measures could be aimed at ensuring the feeling of autonomy, competence and relatedness, and in turn manage to possibly sustain motivation among remote workers.  With the aim of reaching and fulfilling the purpose of this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with five remote workers working in start-ups or SMEs within the IT sectors, or within companies with a digital focus. The data which we collected through interviews was then thematically analysed by careful coding and put into a variety of themes. Following the presentation of our findings was a meticulous analysis of the generated data, which was the base for our final conclusions drawn on the subject.  From the findings, we were able to conclude that autonomy achieved high scores in remote work, and was without exceptions fulfilled for all of our interview subjects. Within competence, the most challenges were detected, however the right supporting measures, like facilitating information sharing, would be able to work against these issues. Lastly, relatedness is oftentimes severely lacking within remote work due to the implied distance, however due to conscious choices to work remotely, individuals will be aware of decreasing relatedness when they start their journey of working remotely. Nonetheless, supporting measures like organising social gatherings or workshops, can limit the lack of feeling relatedness in the remote workplace.  This study can assist future researchers that are conducting studies within the growing remote work environment. Furthermore, it can help managers in the workplace to gain an updated view on motivation in remote working, and shift perspective to remotely adapted supporting measures.

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Background: Participation in physical activities (PA) is vital for the well-being of children and young adults with disabilities, yet barriers hinder their engagement. With the United Nations reporting 150 million children with disabilities, understanding the self-determination theory (SDT) role in promoting PA participation is essential for improving their health and well-being. It aimed to explore how intervention based on SDT facilitates the possible determinants for PA participation in children and young adults with disabilities (CAYAWD). Methods: A systematic review approach was employed. Databases like PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for studies published between 2006 and 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and the quality of the selected studies was assessed using relevant checklists from SBU, 2018. Data synthesis included intervention, description, participant characteristics, and quality evaluation. Results: This review analyzes seven studies on interventions for physical activity in CAYAWD based on SDT. Participants totalled 341 (mean age 12.6 years) with various conditions. Studies used motivational climates or basic psychological needs (BPN) in designing the interventions to enhance autonomous (intrinsic) motivation and improve needs satisfaction to increase PA. Significant effects included improved PA, need satisfaction and autonomous motivation. The measurement instruments had acceptable validity and internal consistency. Qualities of the included studies were moderate to high. The overall strength of the evidence was moderate.  Conclusion: It emphasized that intrinsic motivation and need-satisfaction act as possible determinants for participation in PA among CAYAWD. It provides valuable insights into the importance of motivational climates in PA settings. The limited number of studies urges the need for interventional studies based on SDT among CAYAWD.

Titel: Är det någon som bryr sig? - En studie av hur autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet påverkar motivation och arbetsprestation hos högskolelärare och yrkesidrottstränare   Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Jakob Sanfridsson och Lina Tollsten   Handledare: Monika Wallmon   Datum: 2024, januari   Syfte: Att undersöka och analysera motivationsfaktorer hos högskolelärare och yrkesidrottstränare, utifrån självbestämmandeteorin. Genom att identifiera likheter och skillnader i motivationsdrivkrafter för dessa två grupper, ämnar studien bidra till en djupare förståelse av hur olika faktorer påverkar motivationen inom olika yrkesområden.   Metod: Blandad metodansats, kombinerande både kvalitativa och kvantitativa tekniker, med tyngd i den kvalitativa delen. Kvantitativ del i form av en enkätundersökning, för undersökning av autonom och kontrollerad motivation. Kvalitativ del i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer utifrån Basic Psychological Needs Theory och de tre temana autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet.    Resultat och slutsats: Visar att hög tillfredsställelse av de tre grundläggande psykologiska behoven autonomi, kompetens, och tillhörighet, där tillhörighet visar sig ha en särskild betydelse för dessa yrkesgrupper, är starkt korrelerade med hög nivå av autonom motivation hos både lärare och tränare. Studien framhäver att skräddarsydda strategier för att tillgodose dessa motivationsbehov är avgörande för att främja arbetsprestation och nöjdhet inom dessa yrkesgrupper. Vikten av att beakta de unika aspekterna av olika arbetsroller i motivationsstrategier betonas för att effektivt stärka motivation och engagemang.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Bidrar praktiskt genom att ge riktlinjer för skolledningar och idrottsstyrelser om hur de kan arbeta med sina anställda för att bibehålla motivation. Teoretiskt bidrar det till en djupare förståelse av självbestämmandeteorin genom att utforska hur dess grundläggande psykologiska behov påverkar motivation hos dessa yrkesgrupper.    Förslag till fortsatta studier: Forskningen skulle gagnas av att undersöka andra psykologiska behov utöver de som självbestämmandeteorin fokuserar på, för att få en bredare förståelse av motivationsprocesser i arbetslivet.   Nyckelord: Självbestämmandeteorin, autonomi, kompetens, tillhörighet, ledarskap, motivation / Title: Does anyone care? - A study on how autonomy, competence and relatedness impact motivation and job performance among university lecturers and professional sports coaches.    Level: Student Thesis, Final Assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Authors: Jakob Sanfridsson and Lina Tollsten   Supervisor: Monika Wallmon   Date: 2024, January   Aim: To investigate and analyse motivational factors among university lecturers and professional sports coaches, based on the self-determination theory. By identifying similarities and differences in the motivational drivers for these two groups, the study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how various factors affect motivation within different professional fields.   Method: Mixed method approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques, with an emphasis on the qualitative part. Quantitative part in the form of a survey to examine autonomous and controlled motivation. Qualitative part consisting of semi-structured interviews based on the Basic Psychological Needs Theory and the three themes of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.   Results and conclusions: Shows that high satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs autonomy, competence, and relatedness, where relatedness proves to have a particular significance for these professional groups, is strongly correlated with a high level of autonomous motivation in both teachers and coaches. The study highlights the importance of tailored strategies to meet these motivational needs to enhance work performance and satisfaction in these professional groups. It emphasizes the importance of considering the unique aspects of different work roles in motivation strategies to effectively strengthen motivation and engagement.   Contribution of the thesis: Provides practical guidelines for school leaders and sports boards on how to work with their employees to maintain motivation. Theoretically, it contributes to a deeper understanding of Self-determination theory by exploring how its basic psychological needs affect motivation in these professions. The study underscores the importance of tailored strategies to meet specific motivational needs, which can improve work performance and satisfaction.   Suggestions for future studies: The research would benefit from exploring other psychological needs beyond those focused on by Self-determination theory, to gain a broader understanding of motivational processes in the workplace.   Keyword: Self-determination theory, Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, Leadership, Motivation

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