<p>This dissertation examines how human remains are circulated as material culture in contemporary Western society. It is based on an extended period of research and fieldwork carried out from September 2011 to June 2013, in addition to forensic-related research conducted from 2007 to 2010. Through interviews with individuals who handle human remains and an analysis of popular culture via social and mass media, I pose the question: How and why have the undisposed dead been made to occupy a variety of spaces in contemporary Western society; for personal use, education, sale, or veneration?</p> <p>Interviews conducted with Roman Catholic clergy confirm not only the contemporary importance and influence of human relics, but the Church’s ongoing relationship with the dismembered body. This research thus offers a counterpoint to the usual positioning of the Church as anti-science and as imposing a religious taboo toward human remains. I argue instead that the Catholic Church historically has had an important influence on the practices of anatomical dissection, and the deeply embedded Western traditions of making the undisposed dead necessary, popular and culturally acceptable.</p> <p>As an extension of my analysis of the Catholic Church’s traditions and policies around the use of human remains, I examine the institutional handling of the dead in various types of museums and compare this with how human remains are celebrated and circulated in popular culture. Lastly, I explore the work of five controversial visual artists who use human remains in their art.1 Through extensive personal interviews, conducted in their homes and studios, I demonstrate how Catholic bodies, images and symbols have profoundly inspired (rather than discouraged) these visual artists in their personal, as well as artistic narratives.</p> <p>My research shows that, contrary to the academic literature, human remains are neither imbued with fear, nor with notions of violence or taboo; neither are they deployed to symbolically encounter death. In the hands of either institutional or personal collectors, I argue that human remains are valuable commodities through which membership, identity, and knowledge are expressed in contemporary Western society.</p> <p>1 Wayne Martin Belger, Al Farrow, Andrew Krasnow, Mark Prent, Joel Peter Witkin</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Les reliques sont des objets associés aux saints, ou au Christ. Une relique est porteuse d’une puissance spirituelle, une virtus, source de miracles. Depuis l’Antiquité et surtout le Moyen Âge, les reliques ont joué un rôle essentiel dans la vie des sociétés chrétiennes. Il n’en reste pas moins que les théologiens semblent n’avoir réservé au culte des reliques qu’une faible part de leurs écrits, au point d’être considéré par l’historiographie actuelle comme ayant eu « une élaboration théorique inversement proportionnelle à son importance ». Le présent mémoire se propose d’étudier, à travers les différents témoignages laissés sur le culte des reliques, durant l’Antiquité et le Moyen Âge, quelles ont pu être les conceptions, croyances et controverses autour du culte des reliques. L’hypothèse par conséquent proposée est celle d’un « problème des reliques », intimement lié aux évolutions du culte des saints et aux conceptions sur l’eucharistie tout au long du Moyen Âge. Un glissement se produit au cours du Moyen Âge, d’une critique jugée hérétique du culte en lui-même, à un refus des abus et du flou entourant ce culte au nom de l’orthodoxie. Ces paroles persistantes, à défaut d’un débat, sur la validité, les mécanismes mystiques et les abus d’un tel culte se sont ainsi cristallisées au XIIe siècle chez plusieurs auteurs contemporains, tels Thiofrid d’Echternach et surtout Guibert de Nogent, soulignant le besoin d’une élaboration théorique et d’une codification de ces pratiques. / Relics are items linked to the saints, or to the Christ. Relics carry spiritual power, called virtus, source of miracles. Since the Antiquity, and especially since the Middle Age, relics played an essential part in the life of christian societies. The fact remains that the medieval theologians seemed to have reserved, for the cult of relics, a small part of their writings, as to be regarded by historians as having been presenting "a theoretical elaboration inversely proportional to its significance " and did not elicit any debate. This thesis thus proposes to study, through the various accounts left on the cult of relics, the ancient and medieval, what were the views, beliefs and controversies around the cult of relics. The hypothesis is therefore proposed that a "problem of the relics" existed, throughout the Middle Age, intimately linked to developments in the cult of saints and ideas on the Eucharist. A shift occurs during the Middle Ages, from a criticism, considered heretical, of the cult itself, to a denial of abuse and vagueness of this cult in the name of orthodoxy. These persistent speeches, if not a debate, about the validity and the mystical mechanisms and abuse of such a cult, would be well crystallized in the twelfth century, reflected in many contemporary writers, such as Thiofrid Echternach and especially Guibert of Nogent, stressing the need for theoretical development and codification of these practices.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar como a dimensão religiosa fortaleceu o processo de devolução do terreno do Pátio do Colégio para a Companhia de Jesus em 1954 e, posteriormente, a reconstrução do conjunto arquitetônico, iniciada a partir de 1955. Analisando a permanência e a manutenção da memória do conjunto jesuíta a partir de 1810 até a devolução do terreno para a ordem e o início da construção do conjunto a partir da década de 1950, além da dispersão e da preservação de objetos tidos como sagrados oriundos das antigas edificações do Pátio do Colégio, busca-se entender como grupos ligados à Igreja Católica e, em especial, à Companhia de Jesus influenciaram no retorno do caráter sagrado desse território gradativamente secularizado a partir da expulsão dos jesuítas no século XVIII, auxiliando na reconstrução e validação do conjunto religioso. / This dissertation aims to analyze how the religious dimension has strengthened The process of returning the land from the Patio do Colégio to the Society of Jesus in 1954 and, later, the reconstruction of the architectural set, started from 1955. Analyzing the permanence and maintenance of the memory of the Jesuit Of 1810 until the return of the land to the order and the beginning of the construction of the set From the 1950s, in addition to the dispersion and preservation of objects considered as From the old buildings of the Patio do Colégio, it is sought to understand how Groups linked to the Catholic Church and, in particular, to the Society of Jesus In the return of the sacred character of this territory gradually secularized from Expulsion of the Jesuits in the eighteenth century, assisting in the reconstruction and validation of Religious group.

This work deals with the sacred spaces Czech Krumlov Castle in the top and the late Gothic (1250 -1300 AD). The work identifies these facilities, their construction and development of their attempts to absolute dating and interpretation of their relationship. In this context seems to be showing the remains of an important festival that year, a week before the Feast of Corpus Christi, the city turned into a stage sacred representation. Besides the city itself was in the medieval concept of the founding hosnot reflection of God on earth.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Les reliques sont des objets associés aux saints, ou au Christ. Une relique est porteuse d’une puissance spirituelle, une virtus, source de miracles. Depuis l’Antiquité et surtout le Moyen Âge, les reliques ont joué un rôle essentiel dans la vie des sociétés chrétiennes. Il n’en reste pas moins que les théologiens semblent n’avoir réservé au culte des reliques qu’une faible part de leurs écrits, au point d’être considéré par l’historiographie actuelle comme ayant eu « une élaboration théorique inversement proportionnelle à son importance ». Le présent mémoire se propose d’étudier, à travers les différents témoignages laissés sur le culte des reliques, durant l’Antiquité et le Moyen Âge, quelles ont pu être les conceptions, croyances et controverses autour du culte des reliques. L’hypothèse par conséquent proposée est celle d’un « problème des reliques », intimement lié aux évolutions du culte des saints et aux conceptions sur l’eucharistie tout au long du Moyen Âge. Un glissement se produit au cours du Moyen Âge, d’une critique jugée hérétique du culte en lui-même, à un refus des abus et du flou entourant ce culte au nom de l’orthodoxie. Ces paroles persistantes, à défaut d’un débat, sur la validité, les mécanismes mystiques et les abus d’un tel culte se sont ainsi cristallisées au XIIe siècle chez plusieurs auteurs contemporains, tels Thiofrid d’Echternach et surtout Guibert de Nogent, soulignant le besoin d’une élaboration théorique et d’une codification de ces pratiques. / Relics are items linked to the saints, or to the Christ. Relics carry spiritual power, called virtus, source of miracles. Since the Antiquity, and especially since the Middle Age, relics played an essential part in the life of christian societies. The fact remains that the medieval theologians seemed to have reserved, for the cult of relics, a small part of their writings, as to be regarded by historians as having been presenting "a theoretical elaboration inversely proportional to its significance " and did not elicit any debate. This thesis thus proposes to study, through the various accounts left on the cult of relics, the ancient and medieval, what were the views, beliefs and controversies around the cult of relics. The hypothesis is therefore proposed that a "problem of the relics" existed, throughout the Middle Age, intimately linked to developments in the cult of saints and ideas on the Eucharist. A shift occurs during the Middle Ages, from a criticism, considered heretical, of the cult itself, to a denial of abuse and vagueness of this cult in the name of orthodoxy. These persistent speeches, if not a debate, about the validity and the mystical mechanisms and abuse of such a cult, would be well crystallized in the twelfth century, reflected in many contemporary writers, such as Thiofrid Echternach and especially Guibert of Nogent, stressing the need for theoretical development and codification of these practices.

Le néoréalisme – et notamment le cinéma de Roberto Rossellini – a montré à quel point l’Italie sortait ruinée de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À la théâtralité fasciste et à la rhétorique grandiloquente de la romanità succède une attention nouvelle portée à l’humilis et, corollaires de cet « amour pour la réalité » (expression de Pasolini, à propos de Rossellini et de Fellini), de nouvelles pratiques cinématographiques. Cette recherche a pour ambition de mettre en regard deux cinéastes généralement considérés comme antithétiques, avec pour fil directeur « l’invention de l’antique », afin de mettre en évidence l’existence d’un horizon commun, qui trouve son origine dans deux réalités historiques : d’un côté le rejet de l’Antiquité fasciste, de l’autre la résistance à la fuite en avant contemporaine. L’« antique », entendu conceptuellement comme matrice de résistance (donc non limité aux bornes historiques assignées à l’Antiquité), est ici pris dans un jeu dialectique et dynamique avec l’idée de modernité, puisqu’il s’agit de déterminer comment une modernité esthétique a pu s’inventer et s’expérimenter contre, ou tout contre, une autre modernité – sociale, économique, politique. Fellini plonge dans l’univers chaotique et placentaire de la création en studio. Pasolini, à l’inverse, se déplace toujours plus loin du centre, à la rencontre de nouveaux corps, et de nouvelles terres à arpenter. Dans les deux cas pourtant, il s’agit d’en passer, de manière poétique, par deux disciplines que l’après-guerre n’accepte pas plus que le fascisme – la psychanalyse et l’ethno-anthropologie – pour mettre au jour des survivances, pour porter à la lumière ce que la modernité refoule, et « fictionner » à partir de ces fragments. L’invention sera donc d’abord entendue au sens archéologique du terme (impliquant repérages, découverte, mise au jour). Elle sera aussi entendue au sens poétique de l’« œuvrement » à partir des fragments, mettant en évidence des affinités électives entre l’Antiquité et le cinéma. / Neorealism in general, and Roberto Rossellini’s works in particular, portray post-WW2 Italy as a country in ruins, both literally and metaphorically. Fascist theatricality and the pompous rhetoric of the romanità are abandoned, and a new focus is given to humilis – “loving reality” in the words of Pasolini commenting on Rosselini’s and Fellini’s works – and the new film practices that stem from it. In this dissertation, I compare two film makers who are usually put in systematic opposition to each other, and show how their works actually have common characteristics when analysed from the perspective of what I call “the invention of Antiquity”. From two distinct points in history, they not only reject the fascist interpretation of Antiquity, but also resist modern Italy’s race to progress. Here the concept of “Antiquity” is defined as a form of resistance, which as such transcends its traditional historical boundaries. It is involved in a dynamic dialogue with the idea of modernity, so as to show how a form of aesthetic modernity gets invented and put into practice as a reaction against a different form of social, economic and political modernity. Fellini delves into the chaotic and womb-like world of film studios, while Pasolini moves further and further away from the centre, in search of new bodies to discover and new lands to walk. Yet they must both find a poetic way of dealing with disciplines that post-WW2 Italy rejects as much as fascism – psychoanalysis and ethno-anthropology. For both of them, the aim is to uncover relics of the past, to shed light on those elements repressed by modernity, and create fictions” out of these fragments. The term invention is thus first intended in its archaeological meaning (i.e. locating, discovering, uncovering). It is then used in a more poetic sense, as an act of “crafting” out of fragments, which highlights specific connexions between the world of antiquity and the world of films.

The purpose of this material is to prove by evidence with the support of available materials the appearance of the Jewish community not only in the Strakonice region, but as well as in its surroundings, icluding smaller or volatile neighbourhoods. In the first part of this material we have been focused on the charakteristics of the Jewis settlements in the Czech regions. With that we continue following convential partition of the historical ages. Facts established characteristics and trends are than applied to the presentive localities and particular herirages. In the following part, the material is focused on the daily existence of Jewish communicity and particularly on the unique elements, having respect to the situation in Strakonice region. The content of the final part is description of the particular localities and the existings monuments.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar como a dimensão religiosa fortaleceu o processo de devolução do terreno do Pátio do Colégio para a Companhia de Jesus em 1954 e, posteriormente, a reconstrução do conjunto arquitetônico, iniciada a partir de 1955. Analisando a permanência e a manutenção da memória do conjunto jesuíta a partir de 1810 até a devolução do terreno para a ordem e o início da construção do conjunto a partir da década de 1950, além da dispersão e da preservação de objetos tidos como sagrados oriundos das antigas edificações do Pátio do Colégio, busca-se entender como grupos ligados à Igreja Católica e, em especial, à Companhia de Jesus influenciaram no retorno do caráter sagrado desse território gradativamente secularizado a partir da expulsão dos jesuítas no século XVIII, auxiliando na reconstrução e validação do conjunto religioso. / This dissertation aims to analyze how the religious dimension has strengthened The process of returning the land from the Patio do Colégio to the Society of Jesus in 1954 and, later, the reconstruction of the architectural set, started from 1955. Analyzing the permanence and maintenance of the memory of the Jesuit Of 1810 until the return of the land to the order and the beginning of the construction of the set From the 1950s, in addition to the dispersion and preservation of objects considered as From the old buildings of the Patio do Colégio, it is sought to understand how Groups linked to the Catholic Church and, in particular, to the Society of Jesus In the return of the sacred character of this territory gradually secularized from Expulsion of the Jesuits in the eighteenth century, assisting in the reconstruction and validation of Religious group.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished