Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Lopez Villasenor.pdf: 2961728 bytes, checksum: 14c4c78a691970b02ee01fc9cc8bd655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis has as its object of study and research analyzing people with no religious belief in the cyberspace through the virtual communities, mainly within Orkut, for being the social network used by most Brazilians as a means of disseminating ideas and defend these ones in virtual space. The research questions are: How does the changing from Brazilian religious hegemony to pluralism happen and develop? What are its causes and effects? Is the current religious situation a crisis or a new institutional enhancement? How is cyberspace used by a non-institutional religion? What is God s interface on the Orkut social network? What comprehension can we have about the postings of no religious Internet users on Orkut? The main hypothesis shows that people with no religious belief are a heterogeneous group but not necessarily marked by disbelief, these ones can be classified as: No religion syncretic people, people who move from one church to another, skeptic people about the institution, the agnostics and the atheists. The cyberspace enables a social, cultural and religious reconfiguration of the same ones with a religious breaking within the traditional and no institutional religious system, but the religiosity is still maintained. The first part of thesis analyses the Brazilian religious changes that led to the emerging of people who have no religious belief, that is, the transition of the religious hegemony to the pluralism. Religious changes were worked, which led from the catholic supremacy to the religious pluralism until the emerging of people who have no religious belief in the postmodernity situation process. The second of thesis research part studies people who have no religious belief in the virtual communities, as Orkut in a special way, to understand the action of this social network / Esta tese tem como objeto de pesquisa avaliar os depoimentos dos "sem religião" no ciberespaço, através das comunidades virtuais, especificamente dentro do Orkut, por ter sido a rede digital social mais usada pelos brasileiros, como meio de difundir ideias e defender teses no espaço virtual. As questões da pesquisa são: Como acontece e se desenvolve a passagem da hegemonia religiosa brasileira ao pluralismo, suas causas e efeitos? A encruzilhada religiosa atual é crise ou nova vitalidade institucional? Como o ciberespaço é usado pela religião desinstitucionalizada? Como funcionam as comunidades virtuais na rede social Orkut? Quais são as interfaces de Deus reveladas nas comunidades virtuais dos "sem religião" na rede social Orkut? Que interpretação podemos dar às postagens dos internautas "sem religião" no Orkut? O trabalho mostra que os "sem religião" são categoria heterogênea mas não necessariamente marcada pela descrença. Os depoimentos postados foram agrupados em: "sem religião" sincréticos; "sem religião" em mobilidade e transito religioso; "sem religião" céticos da instituição; "sem religião" agnósticos; "sem religião" ateus. O ciberespaço possibilita uma reconfiguração social, cultural e religiosa evidenciado uma religiosidade de ruptura com os sistemas religiosos tradicionais e institucionais e ao mesmo tempo ratificando manifestações de religiosidade. A primeira parte da tese analisa as transformações socioculturais e religiosas brasileiras que levaram ao surgimento dos "sem religião" e à passagem da hegemonia religiosa para o pluralismo. Trabalhamos as mudanças religiosas, que levaram da supremacia católica para o pluralismo religioso até o aparecimento dos "sem religião" no processo da encruzilhada do paradigma da pósmodernidade. A segunda parte da tese apresenta os "sem religião" nas comunidades virtuais do Orkut. Procuramos entender o funcionamento desta rede social. Analisamos a partir das postagens as crenças, práticas e procedência dos "sem religião" e nos deparamos com sua diversidade de crenças

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Lopez Villasenor.pdf: 2961728 bytes, checksum: 14c4c78a691970b02ee01fc9cc8bd655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis has as its object of study and research analyzing people with no religious belief in the cyberspace through the virtual communities, mainly within Orkut, for being the social network used by most Brazilians as a means of disseminating ideas and defend these ones in virtual space. The research questions are: How does the changing from Brazilian religious hegemony to pluralism happen and develop? What are its causes and effects? Is the current religious situation a crisis or a new institutional enhancement? How is cyberspace used by a non-institutional religion? What is God s interface on the Orkut social network? What comprehension can we have about the postings of no religious Internet users on Orkut? The main hypothesis shows that people with no religious belief are a heterogeneous group but not necessarily marked by disbelief, these ones can be classified as: No religion syncretic people, people who move from one church to another, skeptic people about the institution, the agnostics and the atheists. The cyberspace enables a social, cultural and religious reconfiguration of the same ones with a religious breaking within the traditional and no institutional religious system, but the religiosity is still maintained. The first part of thesis analyses the Brazilian religious changes that led to the emerging of people who have no religious belief, that is, the transition of the religious hegemony to the pluralism. Religious changes were worked, which led from the catholic supremacy to the religious pluralism until the emerging of people who have no religious belief in the postmodernity situation process. The second of thesis research part studies people who have no religious belief in the virtual communities, as Orkut in a special way, to understand the action of this social network / Esta tese tem como objeto de pesquisa avaliar os depoimentos dos "sem religião" no ciberespaço, através das comunidades virtuais, especificamente dentro do Orkut, por ter sido a rede digital social mais usada pelos brasileiros, como meio de difundir ideias e defender teses no espaço virtual. As questões da pesquisa são: Como acontece e se desenvolve a passagem da hegemonia religiosa brasileira ao pluralismo, suas causas e efeitos? A encruzilhada religiosa atual é crise ou nova vitalidade institucional? Como o ciberespaço é usado pela religião desinstitucionalizada? Como funcionam as comunidades virtuais na rede social Orkut? Quais são as interfaces de Deus reveladas nas comunidades virtuais dos "sem religião" na rede social Orkut? Que interpretação podemos dar às postagens dos internautas "sem religião" no Orkut? O trabalho mostra que os "sem religião" são categoria heterogênea mas não necessariamente marcada pela descrença. Os depoimentos postados foram agrupados em: "sem religião" sincréticos; "sem religião" em mobilidade e transito religioso; "sem religião" céticos da instituição; "sem religião" agnósticos; "sem religião" ateus. O ciberespaço possibilita uma reconfiguração social, cultural e religiosa evidenciado uma religiosidade de ruptura com os sistemas religiosos tradicionais e institucionais e ao mesmo tempo ratificando manifestações de religiosidade. A primeira parte da tese analisa as transformações socioculturais e religiosas brasileiras que levaram ao surgimento dos "sem religião" e à passagem da hegemonia religiosa para o pluralismo. Trabalhamos as mudanças religiosas, que levaram da supremacia católica para o pluralismo religioso até o aparecimento dos "sem religião" no processo da encruzilhada do paradigma da pósmodernidade. A segunda parte da tese apresenta os "sem religião" nas comunidades virtuais do Orkut. Procuramos entender o funcionamento desta rede social. Analisamos a partir das postagens as crenças, práticas e procedência dos "sem religião" e nos deparamos com sua diversidade de crenças

Gender gaps in religiosity among Western populations, such that women are more religious than men, are well documented. Previous explanations for these differences range from biological predispositions of risk aversion to patriarchal gender socialization, but all largely overlook the intersection of social statuses. Drawing on theories of intersectionality, we contribute to the cultural and empirical analysis of gender gaps in religiosity by documenting an interactive effect between gender, education, and political views for predicting religious nonaffiliation and infrequent attendance at religious services among Americans. For highly educated political liberals, gender gaps effectively disappear, such that men and women are almost equally likely to be secular (or religious). The results have implications for the long-standing disputes about the gendered “nature” of religiosity and highlight the importance of multiple intersecting statuses and modalities in shaping aggregate patterns of religiosity and secularity.

Although culture and subcultural norms have been subjected to increased scrutiny in recent years as explanatory constructs for various dimensions of consumer behaviours, religion as a subsystem of culture has received only slight attention in the marketing literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the religious influences on some selected aspects of consumer behaviour. Utilising consumer behaviour model of retail patronage as a framework, religious influences on the following aspects of consumer behaviour were examined: lifestyle, use of information source, shopping orientation, store attribute importance and store patronage. Consistent with previous research, religion was viewed from two different perspectives namely religious affiliation and religiosity. Religious affiliation is the adherence of individuals to a particular religious group while religiosity, or religious commitment, is the degree in which beliefs in specific religious values and ideals are espoused and practiced by an individual. Fieldwork for this study was carried out in Malaysia where the populace contains sizable percentages of adherents to four of the world’s leading religions, namely Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity. The research data was collected by means of a survey through personal interviews with a structured questionnaire. Out of three hundred respondents targeted, two hundred and twenty-six questionnaires were deemed usable for statistical analysis. Statistical tests were calculated using statistical procedures of SPSS version 11.5. The main statistical techniques used include exploratory factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings indicated significant differences between religious affiliation groups in the areas of lifestyle, store attributes and store patronage. Significant differences between religiosity groups were also revealed in the areas of lifestyle, information source, shopping orientation and importance of store attributes. The usefulness of religious variables was further tested using multiple linear regression analysis with demographics and lifestyles were entered as extraneous variables. Results indicated that when the effect of other predictor variables were explicitly controlled (i.e. held constant) during the regression analysis, religious affiliation appeared to influence the perceived importance of store attributes. Intrapersonal religiosity, when controlling for the effect of other predictor variables, appeared to influence the use of information source, shopping orientation and perceived importance of store attributes. Similarly, interpersonal religiosity, when controlling for the effect of other predictor variables, was found to influence the use of information source, shopping orientation and importance of store attributes. Overall, findings indicated that consumer religiosity, as compared to religious affiliation, was more useful in predicting aspects of retail patronage activities. Thus it is suggested that religiosity variable should be given consideration in future patronage behaviour model building and research efforts. The implications of these results for theories of consumer behaviour along with the practical implications of the findings were discussed and opportunities for future research were provided.

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This research investigates and discusses missionary education in South Africa in general, and in the Bushbuckridge (BBR) area in particular, during the period 1910-1973. It also investigates and highlights how missionaries from various church denominations from Europe and the United States of America, spread the Word of God in South Africa. This research reveals that they founded and provided educational assistance to illiterate Black people. in order to enable thein to read the Bible, as effective means of realising their goals of Christianisation, evangelisation and civilisation. This study also finds that mi.ssionaries in the BBR offered Black people education in matters of industry. manual skills and farming, at their mission stations and mission schools, as a strong means of not only providing them with job skills and knowledge, but also preparing them for possible future self-employment and promoting their economic development and that of the community at large. This investigation indicates that missionary education removed out Black culture and traditional religious beliefs, and inculcated Western culture and Christian religious belief. Missionary education atso inculcated civilised habits of cleanliness, obedience, loyalty, patience, punctuality, tidiness, subordination, submissiveness, trustfulness and a sound attitude to work, industriousness, perseverance, respect and a sense of humour amongst Black people, as characteristic of Christianisation, and Christian evangelisation and civilisation. After a thorough investigation and discussion of missionary education, in South Africa· in general, and in the BBR area in particular, several recommendations and proposals are formulated, in order to advance the purpose of this research. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

This research investigates and discusses missionary education in South Africa in general, and in the Bushbuckridge (BBR) area in particular, during the period 1910-1973. It also investigates and highlights how missionaries from various church denominations from Europe and the United States of America, spread the Word of God in South Africa. This research reveals that they founded and provided educational assistance to illiterate Black people. in order to enable thein to read the Bible, as effective means of realising their goals of Christianisation, evangelisation and civilisation. This study also finds that mi.ssionaries in the BBR offered Black people education in matters of industry. manual skills and farming, at their mission stations and mission schools, as a strong means of not only providing them with job skills and knowledge, but also preparing them for possible future self-employment and promoting their economic development and that of the community at large. This investigation indicates that missionary education removed out Black culture and traditional religious beliefs, and inculcated Western culture and Christian religious belief. Missionary education atso inculcated civilised habits of cleanliness, obedience, loyalty, patience, punctuality, tidiness, subordination, submissiveness, trustfulness and a sound attitude to work, industriousness, perseverance, respect and a sense of humour amongst Black people, as characteristic of Christianisation, and Christian evangelisation and civilisation. After a thorough investigation and discussion of missionary education, in South Africa· in general, and in the BBR area in particular, several recommendations and proposals are formulated, in order to advance the purpose of this research. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

In my thesis I deal with the position of the Christian kindergarten in the system of pre-school education in the Czech Republic . I describe the historical development of the kindergarten as an institution. The development of pre-school children is assessed in terms of education, psychology and religion. Family and teacher are the basic partners in the lifelong patterns of shaping the personality of every child. The Christian kindergarten meets the same objectives as other pre-school facilities which are based on The Framework Education Programme. The difference between the Christian kindergarten and ordinary kindergarten is their founder and the Educational Programme which is oriented and adapted to the requirements of Christian education of pre-school children. The Christian kindergarten has a logical place and tradition in the system of pre-school education.

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