Compensation structures with relatively high levels of contingent pay encouraged managers to engage in excessive risk-taking behavior at financial institutions, which contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008. The purpose of this study, guided by the theory of the firm, was to explore compensation strategies that some executives in Uganda used to support effective risk-management practices. This multiple case study was an in-depth inquiry into compensation strategies that encouraged prudent risk-taking behavior. The target population comprised 5 risk-management executives from 5 separate commercial banks who had successfully implemented compensation strategies that supported risk management practices. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. Data were analyzed using Yin’s approach and involved data coding, sorting, filtering, identifying relationships, confirming and linking emerging themes to the research question. Methodological triangulation and member checking were applied to ensure the credibility, validity, accuracy, and transferability of the results. Four themes emerged from data analysis: compensation challenges, financial and nonfinancial compensation, the effectiveness of compensation, and effective implementation of compensation strategies. The findings from the study may contribute to positive social change by driving the adoption of compensation strategies that motivate leaders to focus on the long-term objectives of the firm, including investing in socially responsive projects that improve the welfare of the communities in which the banks operate.

The research will compare the alignment of the remuneration between United States and South African banks with respect to the Economic Value Added, a measure of a firm's economic profit that adjusts profit by subtracting the cost of capital.South African banks have been widely recognised for their high standard of corporate governance and stability during the financial crisis. Executive remuneration based on short-term equity has been recognised by both academic literature as well as bank regulators as one of the causes of the financial crisis. The research seeks to understand the differences in remuneration alignment between the failed and surviving banks.Misaligned incentives within the United States banks are accepted by both academics and regulators as one of the causes of the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent economic downturn. This research puts this theory to the test by comparing the alignment of executive remuneration between South African banks that were internationally recognised for successfully navigating the financial crisis, and the largest United States banks, of which three failed catastrophically over the same time period.The remuneration for the largest United States and South African banks is tested for correlation against Economic Value Added (EVA®), share price and return on equity. Correlation between executive remuneration and the constructs is tested between the two countries before as well as after the financial crisis.South African bank executive remuneration correlated strongly with EVA® and this correlation strengthened after the financial crisis. In comparison, the United States sample banks exhibited strong correlation between share price and remuneration before the financial crisis. The failed United States banks had no correlations between executive remuneration any of the constructs, a pattern that has been repeated in the United States Banks that have survived the financial crisis.Practically, the research demonstrated the vast differences in executive remuneration alignment between the United States and South Africa. In South African banks, executive remuneration is far more closely aligned to EVA®, whereas the United States banks only correlated with share price before the financial crisis, raising the question of whether managers are able to exert excessive power. The research demonstrates the magnitude of the gap between the recommendations of regulators and remuneration policies, with South African banks far more closely aligned than their United States counterparts.The research findings concur with theory presented in literature that misaligned incentives based on equity contributed towards the financial crisis. Of particular concern is the change in remuneration correlation after the financial crisis, where South African banks increased correlation with EVA® while United States banks no longer correlated with EVA®, ROE or share price. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

(AJ): The topic of this diploma thesis is the strategic management of human resources in a selected company. The theoretical part is focusing on areas including strategic human resource management and individual HR activities. The practical part introduces the company, its human resource management strategy, evaluation of the current situation and suggestions for improving HR activities.

The size of the remuneration paid to CEOs is a continuously debated area in society. In times of inflation, where the real wages are decreasing at the same time as the remuneration to CEOs are increasing, the phenomenon becomes more relevant. Is the remuneration paid to CEOs at a reasonable level? Are they getting paid in accordance with the performance of the company they manage? The purpose of this study is to see if there is a pay-performance relation in the most traded companies in Scandinavia. To fulfill the purpose, analyses were performed to test the relationship between CEOs remuneration and the financial performance of the firm they manage for the years 2018 to 2021. The sample consists of 71 companies that are listed on one of the indexes OMXS30, OMXC25 and OBX in Scandinavia. 28 out of the companies are Swedish, 23 Danish and 20 are Norwegian. Both the total and variable CEO remuneration in the companies were manually gathered from remuneration and annual reports and then tested against the financial performance measures Return on Assets and Total Investment Return. As the CEO is in an agency position where the shareholders work as the principals, an agency problem is present. To reduce the agency problem, incentives for the CEO to work in the shareholders’ best interest are important. One way of doing that is to design the CEOs remuneration package so it has a relation to the performance of the company. Originating from the Agency Theory, the Managerial Power and the Optimal Contracting theories try to explain the way these packages are designed. The Optimal Contracting theory explain that the design is to align the participants interest in order to maximize both parties’ outcomes, while the Managerial Power theory is explained as top executives possesses substantial power in the company, it enables them to extract higher remuneration than what is optimal for the shareholders. The empirical result showed a significant positive relationship between variable remuneration and both performance measures along with total remuneration and Total Invest Return. A positive relationship was found between total remuneration and Return on Assets, but not statistically significant. Based on the results a conclusion can be drawn that there is a pay-performance relation in companies listed on the main indexes in Scandinavia, and that the Optimal Contracting theory better explain the way remuneration packages are designed.

This study aims to identify factors that influence teachers’ conditions in Zimbabwe. Eight teachers have been interviewed in different parts of Zimbabwe. Theories on motivation have been used to analyze the findings. The analysis led up to two categories of factors with impact on teachers’ conditions, which are named Remuneration Factors as well as Non-remuneration Factors. Our findings reveal that when the remunerations are on such a low level that the teachers experience hardships in satisfying their most basic needs, their over-all motivation is negatively influenced. However, the teachers are at the same time motivated by the fact that they enjoy the job itself.

Literature on the divorce of ownership from control has emphasised the declining proportion of shares owned by salaried managers who control large companies. Because these salaried managers have negligible proprietarial interest in the companies they manage, some writers have suggested that they will have different motives to owner-managers. In particular, managers' direct pecuniary interests may cause them to pursue company growth at the expense of profit, for managers' salaries tend to be related to the size of the companies which they manage rather than the profitability of those companies. These alternate motivations were incorporated in various managerial theories of the firm developed in the late 1960's which emphasised company growth as a key objective. An investigation of the shareholdings and salaries of the directors of major British companies confirms that the proportion of total shares held by company directors has fallen over the years, though it is argued that shareholdings are still large enough to allow directors to exercise effective control over their companies. In addition, while the proportion of total shares held by directors is small, these shareholdings are often large in absolute terms and constitute a significant source of directors' income, though the size of directors' shareholdings varies considerably between industries. Combined dividend income and capital appreciation of shareholdings match the remuneration which directors receive as salary income. It is argued that these profit-related income elements are sufficiently large to cause directors to attach priority to profitability goals. This proposition is explored through statistical analysis of the relationship between directors' remuneration and company performance. Regression results show that as the definition of directors' remuneration is broadened to include dividends and capital appreciation as well as salary, company size variables diminish in importance as determinants of remuneration and profitability variables predominate. Managers do have an incentive to pursue profitability. / Bradford University Research Committee

Subject of this thesis is employees’ evaluation, remuneration and motivation in a particular company. In order to properly motivate employees, must be a system of evaluation and remuneration fair and understandable to employees. The aim of this work is based on theoretical knowledge gained in the first part and analysis of combination compensation in part two, suggest a more efficient system of employees’ reward and motivation. This should lead to greater satisfaction and improved employee service and thus to improve company performance.

The dissertation thesis is focused on value based systems of remuneration. Importance and mission of remuneration systems at company management leading to increase in value for owners, respectively for stakeholders is investigated here. The dissertation thesis deals with the factors influencing both, employees, their performance and motivation for company´s aims achievement, and companies´ systems of remuneration. The subject of dissertation thesis is actually concurrent because employees´ performance increasing in a form of stimulation bonuses, an effort for possessing employees in the company, and dividing company´s profit for employees at the same time are very demanding managerial tasks in every stage of company´s development. At the dissertation thesis elaboration, the author has stemmed from theoretical backgrounds of scientific publications of Czech authors as well as of foreign authors, and also from realized investigations. Primary research has been realized by a combination of single techniques of quantitative research, i.e. by the means of questionnaires, personal interviews and telephonic interviews. Results of the primary research obtained have been analysed using the applications of Microsoft Excel, Portable Open Office Calc and XLStatistics software. Results obtained at elaboration of the dissertation thesis have been used with the aim to determinations of the most important factors influencing employees´ motivation for performance increasing and interestedness on company´s goals achievement. Moreover, the results obtained by primary research outcomes analysis have made possible the statistic verification of the hypotheses of dissertation. The partial outcome of dissertation thesis is the definition of premises of value oriented systems of remuneration use in small and medium-sized entities. Based on this definition of these systems implementation premises, the methodical order of implementation of value oriented system of remuneration into company´s practice. For elaboration of the value oriented system of remuneration proposal, first of all, it has been necessary to create the system of EVA quantification in a company, i.e. to divide company´s assets into responsibility centres, to calculate EVA of every single responsibility centre, and to propose a concept of employees´ interest on change of the EVA indicator value. The proposed methodology has been proved in condition of concrete company, and in the dissertation thesis, it is presented as a case study. This way, one can get complete information about characteristics of the presented model, in concrete about necessary adjustments of costs and revenues, about determination of the amount of invested capital and its valuation, and about division of created value for employees and owners as well. Elaborated case study provides a feedback on a possibility and demandingness of implementation of value based systems of remuneration in small and medium-sized entities. The conclusion of dissertation thesis is devoted to the summary of knowledge obtained, to the discussion of premises for the proposed methodology implementation into business practice, and to the discussion about possibilities of next scientific work in elaborated area.

С переходом на рыночную экономику организации получили самостоятельность в выборе модели, формы и системы стимулирования и оплаты труда. В торговле единственным источником средств на оплату труда является выручка от реализации товаров. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка эффективных методов стимулирования и оплаты труда персонала при внедрении изменений в деятельность сбытовых организаций. В магистерской диссертации разработана методика стимулирования и оплаты труда персонала при внедрении изменений, учитывающая специфику деятельности сбытовых организаций, при этом акцент сделан на выявлении типа изменений, причины сопротивлений, бальной оценки сотрудников, напрямую задействованных в реализации продукции и установлении процента вознаграждения, позволяющая лучшим образом подавить сопротивление, мотивировать персонал и достигать целевых показателей деятельности организации. / With the transition to a market economy, organizations gained independence in choosing a model, form and system of incentives and remuneration. In trade, the only source of funds for wages is the proceeds from the sale of goods. The purpose of the master's thesis is to develop effective methods of incentivizing and remunerating personnel when introducing changes in the activities of sales organizations. In the master's thesis, a methodology was developed to stimulate and remunerate personnel when introducing changes, taking into account the specifics of the activities of sales organizations, while the emphasis is on identifying the type of changes, the reasons for resistance, the score of employees directly involved in the sale of products and setting the percentage of remuneration, which allows you to better suppress resistance, motivate staff and achieve organizational performance targets.

This study set out to study performance management implementation in the education sector in a province of Zimbabwe. The study argues that the implementation of performance management in schools has been done in a haphazard manner without serious consideration for the factors that impede successful implementation of change programmes. The study identified the human, financial, technological, information and structural issues that influenced the commitment to successful implementation. Other factors are the lack of material resources and other intangible resources such as organizational culture and deemed necessary for the successful implementation of practices such as performance management together with the intangible A literature search and empirical study were developed through focussed study on an international level, the international perspective on how performance management is implemented in selected geographical locations to establish what international practice is regarding performance management implementation was done. Qualitative approaches to data collection were involved in the study as focus groups and in-depth interviews with twenty-six respondents were done. Findings suggest that the implementation process is flawed and does not consider deeply the factors that are necessary for implementation of performance management. Implementer perception issues bar see performance management being implemented in ritualistic manner as a way of satisfying policy requirements without any improved out come from the process, There is widespread evidence that the performance information is used selectively in a manner that satisfies the needs of the employer and not for purposes of developing, training and remunerating employees. The study recommends high participation and commitment of implementing agents for the implementation process to succeed and the heavy investment in training of human capital, the availability of requisite resources and the building of high level hard skills and soft skills as necessary for the successful implementation performance management in schools. Remuneration plays a very important part in ensuring the promotion of the individual‟s goals in order to realise the organizations goals. The flow of information as communication and feedback from the lower reaches of the province‟s lower rungs ensure that the programme is well understood by implementers and at the same time the information is used to clarify theposition of the programme so that impediments may be minimised. Lastly, the study identified areas for further research which if carried out will improve the knowledge of how such programmes may be perfected in order to ensure a high degree of success with the implementation process. / PhD (Educational Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014