La créativité comme prévention du stress et de la souffrance au travail. De l’analyse des « pathologies de la communication » du cas des aides à domicile à celle de l’expérience de créativité collective chez les employés de DassaultComment comprendre et agir contre les malaises, ‒ du stress à la souffrance ‒, et les dysfonctionnements internes de l’entreprise moderne ?Nous montrons comment la créativité peut être une démarche communicationnelle préventive et omnipotente, une alternative capable de résorber une communication pathogène engendrée par le management, au profit d’une communication sociale moins instrumentale qu’institutionnelle et formelle.Notre démonstration se structure en 3 parties, chaque partie faisant émerger un paradoxe.Le premier est repéré à partir d’une lecture socio-historique réinterrogeant le travail d’antan. Il s’inscrit certes comme un lieu de souffrance, mais aussi de plaisir, présent dans la notion clé d’otium. Le second provient de l’univers pathogène de l’entreprise et apparait à la lecture de cet espace à partir du paradigme habermassien des « pathologies de la communication ». Le cas d’aides à domicile en situation de stress mais aussi de souffrance a été soumis à cette nouvelle "grille" de lecture. L’analyse est complétée d’une approche winnicotienne, permettant d’y voir les mécanismes inconscients générés par le néomanagement défaillant.Dans la troisième partie, au cœur des mouvements du processus créatif, via une approche socio-psychanalytique, nous partons des théories de Winnicott sur la créativité, pour la transposer et la dépasser, dans la vie interne de l’entreprise.Cette théorie est articulée et complétée par une étude empirique menée auprès d’employés Dassault qui ont fait cette insolite expérience de la création d’un « espace transitionnel hétérotopique », permettant paradoxalement de s’affranchir du cadre du travail tout en y étant lié. / Creativity as prevention of stress and suffering at work Analysis of "pathologies of communication": the case of care assistants among employees of Dassault into the experience of collective creativityHow to understand and act against discomfort – from stress to suffering - and the internal problems of modern business?We show how creativity can be a preventive and omnipotent communication approach, an alternative that can reduce a communication pathogen caused by management, in favor of a less instrumental than institutional and formal communication social.Our proof is structured in three parts, each bringing forth a paradox.The first is identified from a socio-historical examination of traditional work. Indeed, it enrolled as a place of suffering, but also of joy, present in the key concept of otium.The second comes from the pathogen world of business and appears from the examination of this space from the Habermassian paradigm of "pathologies of communication." The case of care assistants under stress but also suffering has been subjected to this new reading report. The analysis is complemented by a Winnicotian approach, allowing perceiving the unconscious mechanisms generated by the failed neomanagement.In the third part, in the middle of the movement about creative process, through a socio-psychoanalytic approach, we start with Winnicot theories about creativity, to transpose and beyond, in the internal life of the company.This theory is articulated and supplemented by an empirical study with Dassault employees who made the unusual experience of creating a 'transitional space heterotopic "paradoxically allowing to get rid of the work area and in the the same tine to be connected to it.

Cette thèse sera l’occasion de revisiter le débat sur la cohésion sociale des immigrés en s’appuyant sur les réseaux sociotechniques numériques. La société actuelle est caractérisée par de profondes mutations du fait que les TIC (Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication) sont omniprésentes et envahissent presque tous les champs de la vie sociale. Cependant, ces mutations accélèrent et libèrent un formidable potentiel créatif de développement pour une partie de la population, excluant néanmoins les populations immigrées qui ne maîtrisent pas la langue du pays d’accueil et qui sont très éloignées de la culture TIC. Cette situation d’exclusion rend plus difficile leur intégration sociale.Ainsi se dégage notre hypothèse : les situations de pratique et d’appropriation des TIC dans les réseaux numériques réels de l’éducation populaire peuvent être un levier pour la réduction de la fracture numérique et par conséquent représenter des facteurs impactant l’intégration sociale des immigrés, très éloignés de ces technologies nouvelles. Si oui dans quelles conditions cela est-il possible ? Nous traitons cette question à partir de la relation pentagonale (appropriation des TIC, intégration sociale, dispositif sociotechnique, médiation sociale et pédagogie numérique). L’enjeu est d’étudier un cas concret. Effectivement, à partir d’un cadre empirique et spatial qu’est le quartier Belleville, nous avons montré comment les populations immigrées analphabètes ont pu acquérir un minimum de savoir-faire des TIC. Des tests inédits pour ce type de public ont permis d’évaluer les compétences : traitement de texte, maniement de l’ordinateur et navigation sur le Web.Ce travail s’inscrit dans la double nécessité d’examiner les aspects sociocognitifs de l’apprentissage des adultes très éloignés des systèmes de l’information et de la communication et de proposer de nouvelles approches pour la conception des dispositifs techniques de type espace public numérique ainsi que des usages TIC. / This thesis will allow us to take a new look at the debate on furthering the social integration of immigrants thanks to a socio-technical use of the web. Present-day society is being profoundly altered by the Technologies of Information (TIC) that are omnipresent and increasingly invasive in almost every aspect of the social field.These accelerating mutations are nonetheless liberating a powerful potential of creativity and development for a portion of the population hitherto excluded from mainline society, by the handicap of language in the case of an immigrant population, and by the lack of access to the new technology (TIC). The double exclusion facing these immigrant populations accounts for a large part of their problems with integration. Against this general background, our thesis develops the following hypothesis: mastering the new technologies of information and communication (the TIC) can become a formidable instrument for overcoming handicaps of background, language, education when appropriated within educational facilities outside the official school systems. Overcoming the digital divide can provide a shortcut to full participation in the culture and usages of the society at large. How can this be achieved? Under what conditions? We shall treat these questions via a five-pronged approach: appropriation of TIC, social integration, socio-technical devices, social mediation and digital pedagogy. Our conclusions will be based on the study of a concrete case in a specific environment.We have demonstrated how the people of Belleville, who are largely illiterate, have nonetheless been able to acquire minimal skills in the use of TIC. Tests specifically elaborated by us for this type of public allowed us to evaluate their competency in areas such as word-processing, handling the computer, and surfing on the web. Our study is conditioned by the need, both to examine the social and cognitive aspects of adult apprenticeship where the population concerned is far-removed from normal access to TIC, and to propose new approaches adapted to EPN technical devices as well as to the types of TIC usage this population might need.

Esta Dissertação refere-se à formação continuada de professores, em escola de ensino fundamental da RME/POA, sendo que estas se organizam em ciclos. A pesquisa ocorreu em turma de progressão ( composta por alunos que apresentam assincronismo entre sua faixa etária e nível de escolaridade) na qual havia diversas situações envolvendo processos inclusivos, aqui compreendidos enquanto movimentos ligados à prática cotidiana de estar incluindo. Portanto, a situação atual é provisória e pode ser modificada. O referencial teórico que sustentou o trabalho está ligado ao referencial sócio-histórico, a partir das idéias de Vygotski e de outros autores a ele relacionados. Dentre aquelas destacam-se: mediação cultural, zona de desenvolvimento proximal e as relações entre: ensino/desenvolvimento e aspectos afetivos/cognitivos/lingüísticos. Utilizando-se a metodologia de pesquisa-ação, foram desenvolvidos processos coletivos, buscando ampliar conhecimentos e representações ligados às idéias de inclusão de alunos que apresentam problemas no aprender, que tanto podem ser causados por fatores orgânicos como por outras circunstâncias relacionadas à vida sociocultural. Num primeiro momento, a pesquisadora imergiu no contexto pesquisado, visando conhecê-lo. Na segunda fase ocorreram encontros sistemáticos com os professores, a fim de refletir dialogicamente sobre o ensinar e o aprender, entrelaçando aspectos teóricos e os desafios da/na prática cotidiana. Nesta etapa, também foram realizadas observações dos alunos, sendo que os dados colhidos constituíram-se em material de apoio nas discussões. Na parte seguinte, os professores, enquanto co-autores, prestam seu depoimento considerando os processos vivenciados. Para finalizar, a pesquisadora apresenta algumas reflexões envolvendo processos inclusivos no âmbito escolar, formação continuada de professores ligada à metodologia de pesquisa-ação e o referencial sócio-histórico. Além disso, expressa sua esperança no amanhã, que ancorada na prática, pode tornar-se concretude histórica. Nesta lógica, o futuro já está em construção, através de práticas sociais desenvolvidas em processos mutantes e singulares. / This thesis investigated in-service permanent training of teachers working in primary schools of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre town (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil), which are organized in schooling cycles. The research was developed in a “progression class” (class attended by students showing lack of synchrony between their chronological and school age) with different cases of inclusive processes, here understood as movements linked to the daily including practice. Thus, the current condition is temporary and can be modified. The theoretical referential supporting this work is related to the socialhistorical approach, based upon the ideas of Vygotski and other authors connected to him, such as cultural mediation, proximal development zone and the relationships between teaching/development and affective/cognitive/linguistic aspects. Using research/action methodology, collective processes were developed, aiming at widening knowledge and representations linked to the inclusion ideas of students showing learning disabilities, which may be caused both by organic factors or other circumstances connected to the socio-cultural life. Firstly, the researcher entered the investigation setting in order to know it. In the second stage, systematic meetings were held with teachers in order to dialogically think on teaching and learning, weaving theoretical aspects and the defeats from/in the daily practices. During this stage, students were observed and the collected data became supporting material to the discussions. Then, the teachers, as co-authors, made their statements considering the processes they had experienced. Concluding, the researcher present some of her reflections on inclusive processes within the school, on teacher’s permanent inservice training related to the research-action methodology and the social-historical referential. In addition, the researcher states her hope in future, which may become an historical concretion if anchored in the practice. Within this logics, the future is already being built, through social practices developed in changing and singular processes.

O trabalho apresenta uma prática cotidiana de produção de textos partindo do léxico a aspectos mais complexos do texto, amparado metodologicamente na Pesquisa-ação, segundo os passos de Michel Thiollent e Maria Amélia Santoro Franco e teoricamente em Margarida Basílio, Maria Aparecida Bacega e Maria Tereza Camargo Biderman (autores que tratam do léxico); Inez Sautchuk, Patrick Charaudeau, Michel Charolles, Teum A. van Dick, Maria da Graça da Costa Val, Irandé Antunes e Othon Moacyr Garcia (teóricos do texto); Evanildo Bechara, Carlos Henrique da Rocha Lima e José Carlos Azeredo (gramáticos). Tem-se como objetivo compreender o fenômeno da produção escrita e as suas implicações morfossintáticas e semânticas nas produções de alunos de Educação de Jovens e Adultos apresentando estratégias de reescritura de textos com o propósito de tornar os alunos produtores de texto com auto-suficiência de textualidade. Investiu-se na compreensão da figura do produtor de texto, bifurcado em aquele que escreve e aquele que monitora o texto antes que este chegue a um virtual leitor. O léxico aparece, em sentido lato, nas mais variadas nuanças semânticas de modo a contribuir para a organização do caos. O texto aparece com a dupla concepção: produto e processo / produção e recepção que transcendem a linearidade. O corpus é analisado quali-quantitativamente, enfatizando-se procedimentos argumentativos na avaliação dos desvios detectados, os quais, em seguida, recebem um tratamento estatístico por meio de um quadro sintetizador das ocorrências mais frequentes e, por fim, um gráfico representativo da evolução de cada aluno e da turma ao longo do processo de pesquisa de campo. É um estudo com resultados animadores por não se restringir ao patamar da investigação, mas, a partir da intervenção do professor-pesquisador, instituir mudanças sobre o elenco em foco / The paper presents a daily practice of text productions from the basis of the lexicon to aspects more complex aspects of the text, sustained methodologically on the Research-action, according to the steps of Michel Thiollent and Maria Amelia Santoro Franco and theoretically in Marguerite Basil, Maria Aparecida Bacega and Maria Tereza Camargo Biderman (authors that dealing with the lexicon); Inez Sautchuk, Patrick Charaudeau, Michel Charolles, Teum A. van Dick, Maria da Graça da Costa Val, Irandé Antunes and othon Moacyr Garcia (text theorists); Evanildo Bechara, Carlos Henrique da Rocha Lima and Jose Carlos Azeredo (grammarians). It has as objective to comprehend the phenomenon of the written production and its morphosyntactic and semantic implications in the production of students of the education of young people and adults presenting strategies of rewriting of texts with the purpose of making the students producers of text with self-sufficiency of textuality. It was invested in the understanding of the figure of the producer of text, branched in that who writes and that one who monitors the text before it comes to a virtual reader. The lexicon appears, in a broad sense, in the most varied semantic nuances in such way to contribute to the organization of chaos. The text appears with double conception:The text appears with double conception: product and process / production and reception that transcend the linearity. The corpus is analyzed quali-quantitatively, emphasizing argumentative procedures in the assessment of the deviations detected, which, then, receive a statistical treatment by means of a synthesizer table of the more frequent occurrences and, lastly a representative graphic of the evolution of each student and the class throughout the process of the field research. It is a study with encouraging results due to no restriction to the level of research, but, from the intervention of the researcher-teacher, institute changes on the cast in focus

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / The parameterization study of a didactic instrumental of interdependent teaching of Language and Literature for the High School of the Basic Education runs through the sensitization and literary authorship as pilots of guidelines in the construction of an affective motivation for the learning. Bazerman (2011) enhances that the teachers can and must consider more the social and cultural forms which surround the life of the students, as well as their affective lives, investing in their specific capacities of contextual management (cognitive and affective) with knowledge. For this purpose, the workshops of sensitization (awareness) to Literature, Reading and Textual Production, performed over the school semester in a second year class from the High School of the Basic Education, in a school of the state public education in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, proposed themselves as a framework able to the development of didactic tools that articulated themselves, inside the interactionist approach, methodological procedures centralized in the so called sensitization processes, that is, techniques similar to the pre-activities inside a same interactionist paradigm. This founds itself in the precepts of the communicative teaching, at the same time that tries to establish a Zone of Proximal Development (VYGOTSKY, 2003) permeated of reflexive-critical practices capable of deflagrate an emergency of metacognitive insights. By the theoretical propositions of the Holistic Theory of Activity (RICHTER, 2006; 2008; 2010; 2011, 2015c), the factors of mediation oriented the activities elaborated under a procedural organogram, once that, the development of didactic tasks concentrated in aspects of scripting and, subsequently of authorship, organized themselves according to resources, strategies and concepts. These three groups are the subdivisions of the factors of THA (Holistic Theory of Activity) mediation. The resources, first mediation factor, are the material means (educative artifacts) with which dispose the professional and the client. The strategies, according to the mediation factor, are concrete operations of compatible objects with the cognitive targets to be reached by the professional at school. Therefore, the concepts, third mediation factor, consist in the knowledge that founds the procedures and the professional mediation. The sensitization workshops, proposed in this project, had as methodological basis in a procedural chart, greatly, the Research-action (THIOLLENT, 1996), in which, teachers and students are professional pairs in the personalization of proper investigation style of the real necessities of the students, during and after the learning, the Dialogism problem-solving Freirean (FREIRE; FAUDEZ, 1985), on what the dialogue is designed as action and reflection in the world and on what the are active subjects and collaborative knowledge construction, the Assimilation Theory of Mental Actions by Steps (GALPERIN, 1975), on what knowledge is by chain: motivation, verbalization, interaction and internalization and dialogic interacion (BAKHTIN, 2003) as dynamic appreciation of human demand practice ball.The parameterization of this formative instrumental of teachers founded itself in criteria of mapping of viable design to the proposal raised here as study focus, in view of the fact that, we give priority to a design of didactic material that would take into account the profile and the particularized necessities of the costumers, that is, which would value the expression of the subjects. The results obtained suggest the viability of the format of the course denominated Storyline, as far as its tangible achievements (production of narratives in chapters) originated, mainly, the construction of characters, whose identities are emulations of real processes of the students, that is, their projections as sociocultural subjects, by rivalry game methodology. This projection of socio-cultural subjects identities, more specifically, from adolescence of research subjects students is dependent to the rivalry game methodology, which intersects with Theories of Games (FIANI, 2004; HUIZINGA, 1971), with Theories of Adolescence (CALLIGARIS , 2014) and Theories of Psychology (KLEIN, 1973), so that the professional paradigmed decision-making are allocated on a teaching framework. The teaching framework of the Holistic Theory of Activity, through the didactic alliance and the inseparability of thinking, doing and feeling points to a reasoned methodological approach in the convergence between educational training and human development (cognition and affect) and know-how adviser development literary and linguistic teaching methods. / O estudo da parametrização de um instrumental didático de ensino interdependente de Língua e de Literatura para o Ensino Médio da Educação Básica perpassa pela sensibilização e autoria literária como pilotos de diretrizes na construção de uma motivação afetiva para o aprendizado. Bazerman (2011) ressalta que os professores podem e devem considerar mais as formas sociais e culturais que circundam a vida dos alunos, bem como suas vidas afetivas, apostando nas suas capacidades específicas de manejo contextual (cognitivo e afetivo) com o conhecimento. Para tanto, as oficinas de sensibilização à Literatura, à Leitura e à Produção textual, realizadas ao longo de um semestre letivo em uma turma de 2º ano do Ensino Médio da Educação Básica, em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino da cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, propôs-se como um enquadramento apto ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas didáticas que articularam, dentro da abordagem interacionista, procedimentos metodológicos centralizados nos assim chamados processos de sensibilização, ou seja, técnicas semelhantes às de pré-atividades dentro do mesmo paradigma interacionista. Este se alicerça nos preceitos do ensino comunicativo, ao mesmo tempo em que procura estabelecer uma Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (VYGOTSKY, 2003) permeada de práticas reflexivo-críticas capazes de deflagrar a emergência de insights metacognitivos. Mediante as proposições teóricas da Teoria Holística da Atividade (RICHTER, 2006; 2008; 2010; 2011, 2015c), os fatores de mediação orientaram as atividades elaboradas sob um organograma procedimental, uma vez que, o desenvolvimento de tarefas didáticas concentradas em aspectos de roteirização e, subsequentemente de autoria, organizaram-se segundo recursos, estratégias e conceitos. Esses três grupos são as subdivisões dos fatores de mediação da THA. Os recursos, primeiro fator de mediação, são os meios materiais (artefatos educativos) de que dispõe o profissional e o cliente. As estratégias, segundo fator de mediação, são operações concretas do profissional na escola de objetos compatíveis com os alvos cognitivos a serem alcançados. Por fim, os conceitos, terceiro fator de mediação, consiste no conhecimento que fundamenta os procedimentos e a mediação profissional. As oficinas de sensibilização, propostas nesse projeto, tiveram como bases metodológicas em um organograma procedimental, sobremaneira, a Pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 1996), na qual, professor e alunos são pares profissionais na personalização de um estilo de investigação própria das necessidades reais dos alunos, durante e após o aprendizado, o Dialogismo problematizador freireano (FREIRE; FAUNDEZ, 1985), no qual o diálogo é concebido como ação e reflexão no mundo e em que os sujeitos são ativos e colaborativos na construção do conhecimento, a Teoria da Assimilação de Ações Mentais por Etapas (GALPERIN, 1975), em que o conhecimento se dá pela cadeia: motivação, verbalização, interação e interiorização e a interação dialógica (BAKHTIN, 2003) como dinâmica de valorização da esfera de prática humana da demanda. A parametrização desse instrumental formativo de professores fundamentou-se em critérios de mapeamento de design viáveis à proposta aqui levantada como foco de estudo, haja vista que, privilegiou-se um design de material didático que levasse em conta o perfil e as necessidades particularizadas da clientela, ou seja, que valorizasse a expressão dos sujeitos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a viabilidade do formato de curso denominado storyline, na medida em que seus desdobramentos mais palpáveis (produção de narrativas em capítulos) originaram, sobretudo, a construção de personagens, cujas identidades são emulações de processos reais dos alunos, isto é, são suas projeções como sujeitos socioculturais, por meio da metodologia do jogo de rivalidades. Essa projeção de identidades de sujeitos socioculturais, mais especificamente, da adolescência dos educandos sujeitos de pesquisa é corolária à metodologia do jogo de rivalidades, que se intersecciona com Teoria dos Jogos (FIANI, 2004; HUIZINGA, 1971), com Teorias da Adolescência (CALLIGARIS, 2014) e com Teorias da Psicologia (KLEIN, 1973), de modo que as tomada de decisão paradigmatizados do profissional estejam alocadas em um enquadramento de trabalho docente. O enquadramento de trabalho docente da Teoria Holística da Atividade, através da aliança didática e da indissociabilidade do pensar, fazer e sentir aponta para um percurso metodológico fundamentado na convergência entre formação pedagógica e formação humana (cognição e afeto) e para um know-how assessorial de desenvolvimento de metodologias de ensino linguoliterário.

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O trabalho apresenta uma prática cotidiana de produção de textos partindo do léxico a aspectos mais complexos do texto, amparado metodologicamente na Pesquisa-ação, segundo os passos de Michel Thiollent e Maria Amélia Santoro Franco e teoricamente em Margarida Basílio, Maria Aparecida Bacega e Maria Tereza Camargo Biderman (autores que tratam do léxico); Inez Sautchuk, Patrick Charaudeau, Michel Charolles, Teum A. van Dick, Maria da Graça da Costa Val, Irandé Antunes e Othon Moacyr Garcia (teóricos do texto); Evanildo Bechara, Carlos Henrique da Rocha Lima e José Carlos Azeredo (gramáticos). Tem-se como objetivo compreender o fenômeno da produção escrita e as suas implicações morfossintáticas e semânticas nas produções de alunos de Educação de Jovens e Adultos apresentando estratégias de reescritura de textos com o propósito de tornar os alunos produtores de texto com auto-suficiência de textualidade. Investiu-se na compreensão da figura do produtor de texto, bifurcado em aquele que escreve e aquele que monitora o texto antes que este chegue a um virtual leitor. O léxico aparece, em sentido lato, nas mais variadas nuanças semânticas de modo a contribuir para a organização do caos. O texto aparece com a dupla concepção: produto e processo / produção e recepção que transcendem a linearidade. O corpus é analisado quali-quantitativamente, enfatizando-se procedimentos argumentativos na avaliação dos desvios detectados, os quais, em seguida, recebem um tratamento estatístico por meio de um quadro sintetizador das ocorrências mais frequentes e, por fim, um gráfico representativo da evolução de cada aluno e da turma ao longo do processo de pesquisa de campo. É um estudo com resultados animadores por não se restringir ao patamar da investigação, mas, a partir da intervenção do professor-pesquisador, instituir mudanças sobre o elenco em foco / The paper presents a daily practice of text productions from the basis of the lexicon to aspects more complex aspects of the text, sustained methodologically on the Research-action, according to the steps of Michel Thiollent and Maria Amelia Santoro Franco and theoretically in Marguerite Basil, Maria Aparecida Bacega and Maria Tereza Camargo Biderman (authors that dealing with the lexicon); Inez Sautchuk, Patrick Charaudeau, Michel Charolles, Teum A. van Dick, Maria da Graça da Costa Val, Irandé Antunes and othon Moacyr Garcia (text theorists); Evanildo Bechara, Carlos Henrique da Rocha Lima and Jose Carlos Azeredo (grammarians). It has as objective to comprehend the phenomenon of the written production and its morphosyntactic and semantic implications in the production of students of the education of young people and adults presenting strategies of rewriting of texts with the purpose of making the students producers of text with self-sufficiency of textuality. It was invested in the understanding of the figure of the producer of text, branched in that who writes and that one who monitors the text before it comes to a virtual reader. The lexicon appears, in a broad sense, in the most varied semantic nuances in such way to contribute to the organization of chaos. The text appears with double conception:The text appears with double conception: product and process / production and reception that transcend the linearity. The corpus is analyzed quali-quantitatively, emphasizing argumentative procedures in the assessment of the deviations detected, which, then, receive a statistical treatment by means of a synthesizer table of the more frequent occurrences and, lastly a representative graphic of the evolution of each student and the class throughout the process of the field research. It is a study with encouraging results due to no restriction to the level of research, but, from the intervention of the researcher-teacher, institute changes on the cast in focus

Esta Dissertação refere-se à formação continuada de professores, em escola de ensino fundamental da RME/POA, sendo que estas se organizam em ciclos. A pesquisa ocorreu em turma de progressão ( composta por alunos que apresentam assincronismo entre sua faixa etária e nível de escolaridade) na qual havia diversas situações envolvendo processos inclusivos, aqui compreendidos enquanto movimentos ligados à prática cotidiana de estar incluindo. Portanto, a situação atual é provisória e pode ser modificada. O referencial teórico que sustentou o trabalho está ligado ao referencial sócio-histórico, a partir das idéias de Vygotski e de outros autores a ele relacionados. Dentre aquelas destacam-se: mediação cultural, zona de desenvolvimento proximal e as relações entre: ensino/desenvolvimento e aspectos afetivos/cognitivos/lingüísticos. Utilizando-se a metodologia de pesquisa-ação, foram desenvolvidos processos coletivos, buscando ampliar conhecimentos e representações ligados às idéias de inclusão de alunos que apresentam problemas no aprender, que tanto podem ser causados por fatores orgânicos como por outras circunstâncias relacionadas à vida sociocultural. Num primeiro momento, a pesquisadora imergiu no contexto pesquisado, visando conhecê-lo. Na segunda fase ocorreram encontros sistemáticos com os professores, a fim de refletir dialogicamente sobre o ensinar e o aprender, entrelaçando aspectos teóricos e os desafios da/na prática cotidiana. Nesta etapa, também foram realizadas observações dos alunos, sendo que os dados colhidos constituíram-se em material de apoio nas discussões. Na parte seguinte, os professores, enquanto co-autores, prestam seu depoimento considerando os processos vivenciados. Para finalizar, a pesquisadora apresenta algumas reflexões envolvendo processos inclusivos no âmbito escolar, formação continuada de professores ligada à metodologia de pesquisa-ação e o referencial sócio-histórico. Além disso, expressa sua esperança no amanhã, que ancorada na prática, pode tornar-se concretude histórica. Nesta lógica, o futuro já está em construção, através de práticas sociais desenvolvidas em processos mutantes e singulares. / This thesis investigated in-service permanent training of teachers working in primary schools of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre town (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil), which are organized in schooling cycles. The research was developed in a “progression class” (class attended by students showing lack of synchrony between their chronological and school age) with different cases of inclusive processes, here understood as movements linked to the daily including practice. Thus, the current condition is temporary and can be modified. The theoretical referential supporting this work is related to the socialhistorical approach, based upon the ideas of Vygotski and other authors connected to him, such as cultural mediation, proximal development zone and the relationships between teaching/development and affective/cognitive/linguistic aspects. Using research/action methodology, collective processes were developed, aiming at widening knowledge and representations linked to the inclusion ideas of students showing learning disabilities, which may be caused both by organic factors or other circumstances connected to the socio-cultural life. Firstly, the researcher entered the investigation setting in order to know it. In the second stage, systematic meetings were held with teachers in order to dialogically think on teaching and learning, weaving theoretical aspects and the defeats from/in the daily practices. During this stage, students were observed and the collected data became supporting material to the discussions. Then, the teachers, as co-authors, made their statements considering the processes they had experienced. Concluding, the researcher present some of her reflections on inclusive processes within the school, on teacher’s permanent inservice training related to the research-action methodology and the social-historical referential. In addition, the researcher states her hope in future, which may become an historical concretion if anchored in the practice. Within this logics, the future is already being built, through social practices developed in changing and singular processes.

Esta Dissertação refere-se à formação continuada de professores, em escola de ensino fundamental da RME/POA, sendo que estas se organizam em ciclos. A pesquisa ocorreu em turma de progressão ( composta por alunos que apresentam assincronismo entre sua faixa etária e nível de escolaridade) na qual havia diversas situações envolvendo processos inclusivos, aqui compreendidos enquanto movimentos ligados à prática cotidiana de estar incluindo. Portanto, a situação atual é provisória e pode ser modificada. O referencial teórico que sustentou o trabalho está ligado ao referencial sócio-histórico, a partir das idéias de Vygotski e de outros autores a ele relacionados. Dentre aquelas destacam-se: mediação cultural, zona de desenvolvimento proximal e as relações entre: ensino/desenvolvimento e aspectos afetivos/cognitivos/lingüísticos. Utilizando-se a metodologia de pesquisa-ação, foram desenvolvidos processos coletivos, buscando ampliar conhecimentos e representações ligados às idéias de inclusão de alunos que apresentam problemas no aprender, que tanto podem ser causados por fatores orgânicos como por outras circunstâncias relacionadas à vida sociocultural. Num primeiro momento, a pesquisadora imergiu no contexto pesquisado, visando conhecê-lo. Na segunda fase ocorreram encontros sistemáticos com os professores, a fim de refletir dialogicamente sobre o ensinar e o aprender, entrelaçando aspectos teóricos e os desafios da/na prática cotidiana. Nesta etapa, também foram realizadas observações dos alunos, sendo que os dados colhidos constituíram-se em material de apoio nas discussões. Na parte seguinte, os professores, enquanto co-autores, prestam seu depoimento considerando os processos vivenciados. Para finalizar, a pesquisadora apresenta algumas reflexões envolvendo processos inclusivos no âmbito escolar, formação continuada de professores ligada à metodologia de pesquisa-ação e o referencial sócio-histórico. Além disso, expressa sua esperança no amanhã, que ancorada na prática, pode tornar-se concretude histórica. Nesta lógica, o futuro já está em construção, através de práticas sociais desenvolvidas em processos mutantes e singulares. / This thesis investigated in-service permanent training of teachers working in primary schools of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre town (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil), which are organized in schooling cycles. The research was developed in a “progression class” (class attended by students showing lack of synchrony between their chronological and school age) with different cases of inclusive processes, here understood as movements linked to the daily including practice. Thus, the current condition is temporary and can be modified. The theoretical referential supporting this work is related to the socialhistorical approach, based upon the ideas of Vygotski and other authors connected to him, such as cultural mediation, proximal development zone and the relationships between teaching/development and affective/cognitive/linguistic aspects. Using research/action methodology, collective processes were developed, aiming at widening knowledge and representations linked to the inclusion ideas of students showing learning disabilities, which may be caused both by organic factors or other circumstances connected to the socio-cultural life. Firstly, the researcher entered the investigation setting in order to know it. In the second stage, systematic meetings were held with teachers in order to dialogically think on teaching and learning, weaving theoretical aspects and the defeats from/in the daily practices. During this stage, students were observed and the collected data became supporting material to the discussions. Then, the teachers, as co-authors, made their statements considering the processes they had experienced. Concluding, the researcher present some of her reflections on inclusive processes within the school, on teacher’s permanent inservice training related to the research-action methodology and the social-historical referential. In addition, the researcher states her hope in future, which may become an historical concretion if anchored in the practice. Within this logics, the future is already being built, through social practices developed in changing and singular processes.

Régulièrement, les associations caritatives sollicitent financièrement des millions d’individus pour mener leurs actions sur le terrain. Représentant un enjeu majeur, ces campagnes de communication médiatique ont pour objectif d’appeler aux dons afin de collecter des fonds leur permettant de pérenniser leurs actions et de maintenir une indépendance à la fois financière et politique. Articulant une double méthodologie qualitative et expérimentale et l’aide d’un contexte théorique pluridisciplinaire mobilisant des ressources théoriques issues notamment des modèles psychosociaux de la réception, de la communication persuasive et de la communication engageante, la thèse vise le double objectif de mieux comprendre les processus de production et de réception de la communication d’appel aux dons des associations caritatives. Dans une logique de recherche action et devant l’importance des enjeux humains, nous proposons également des pistes pour contribuer à accroitre l’efficience des dispositifs de communication. / Charities regularly solicit millions of individuals financially to carry through their actions on the field. Representing a major stake, these media communication campaigns aim at calling for donations in order to raise funds which enable them to keep up their actions and maintain an independence both financially and politically. However, in literature so far, no research has been carried out about the socio-cognitive processes involved in this type of communication.Structuring a double qualitative and experimental methodology and the help of a theoretical multidisciplinary context calling up the theoretical resources mainly from the psychosocial models of the reception, the persuasive communication and the binding communication, this dissertation targets a double objective, namely a better understanding of the production and of the reception processes involved in the binding communication of charity fundraising campaigns