Abstract   Title: Från neutralitet till öppenhet? – En studie av säkerhetspolitikens utveckling i Sverige efter kalla krigets slut Author: Jens Kindh Supervisor: Patric Lindgren Linnaeus University Department of Political Science Spring term 2012   When the Cold War ended, a new security situation was unfolded in Sweden. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and compare how the Swedish security policy is organized and how it has changed since the Cold War ended. To do that, I’m going to try answer the following questions: How is the Swedish security policy organized? What defence resolutions have affected the Swedish security policy after the Cold War ended? How has different political actions made its impact on the Swedish security policy after the Cold War ended? My theory is to try explain how the Swedish security policy has changed after the Cold War through a realism security perspective called traditional security, which refers to a realistic construct of the states security policy. Furthermore, to explain Sweden’s security policy and its changes, I’m going to use the three defence resolution from 1996, 2000 and 2009. In addition, books and articles will also be used to explain how Sweden’s security policy is conducted and how it was developed after the Cold War ended. The results showed that Sweden’s security policy has gone through some substantially changes.   Words: 11 854   Keywords: Sweden, Security policy, Sweden after the 1990s, Official, Swedish defense resolutions,

Abstract BA CHAN LI LU YUN HE YUE ¡]Like cloud-veiled moon the thousand-mile land disappears . From the tune of Yue Fei¡¦s ¡§The River All Red¡¨.¡^, a TV program that cooperated with the government¡¦s 1987 open policy ( Taiwan residents can visit their relatives on the mainland ) in the early days , reinforced the Taiwan People¡¦s desire for the historically blood-related Mainland China, and even accidentally attracted a huge amount of Taiwanese venture capital to help create a magnet for China¡¦s Tourism. Frankly, Taiwanese traveling groups made a praiseworthy achievement for the development and advancement of China¡¦s livelihood nowadays; that proves the importance of tourism industry in one country¡¦s the economic development. Even though the government finally adopted a loose policy that people of Mainland Area could make a detour to Taiwan, our economy is in great recession at the same time. However, the tiny income of tourism and the very few number of traveling groups are just like a flat ball. Nowadays, Taiwan¡¦s livelihood is highly in need of RenMinBi. People of Mainland Area¡¦s craze and familiarity for Taiwan is no less than of which the Taiwanese for the ¡§BA CHAN LI LU YUN HE YUE¡¨. If the tourism industry of Southern Taiwan, suffered the most from the decreasing economy, could rely on visitors from Mainland Area, Taiwan¡¦s economy could revive again. This research is applied through a series of academic studies, in-depth interviews and strategic analysis .First of all , over a long period of time serving in the central institution of public opinions, I am exposed to all kinds of public affairs and pleas. Therefore, the part of in-depth interviews is accumulated by my personal experiences throughout years. Secondly, the occasions of interviews vary from personal pleas, group pleas to public hearings. Finally, the above records are restricted within my personal notes, and therefore it¡¦s a great regret that I can not list all the relative records. As for the strategic analysis, the government reform in the recent years is influenced by the enterprise¡¦s efficiency, and amongst all, the enterprise¡¦s strategic analysis is also entrusted by the analysis of public policy. The strategic analysis applied in this research includes basic legal institutions, SWOT and Michael Porter¡¦s five forces. Because the development of strategy should be provide with some fixed level of resources, in this research I systematically classify Taiwan¡¦s software and hardware¡¦s terms to accommodate visitors from Mainland and foreign countries. As the discovery of this research, Taiwan will face these three challenges from visitors of Mainland Area whom would become the largest proportion of tourists : first of all , the policy and the vision is not clear enough so that the partnership between the government and the private industry is unable to attract tourists together; secondly, the laws can¡¦t match the practice which leads to the incorporation in this partnership; finally, the marketing can¡¦t entirely integrated with the management which result in the waste of resources. Synthesized the opinions of interviews, facing with all the Asian countries target tourists from Mainland China, our whole country should make concrete efforts to build up the matters concerned about the new tourism industry. The policy needs new goal and new though and demands immediate attention. In the related strategies, ¡§MICE¡¨ is affirmed by realizing the concept of ¡§SMILE¡¨. ¡§MICE¡¨ is composed by the four initials of ¢Ûeeting, Incentives, Conference and Exhibition. According to the denotation is the abbreviation of business conferences and exhibitions. Namely, if the government and the private industry can make use of all kinds of local or cultural distinguishing features and hold international and dynamic conferences and exhibitions. Besides promoting the revival of business affairs, the tourism revenues will be increased by intellectually customized traveling services. The impressive ¡§SMILE¡¨ is the five initials of Service, Market, Inno-value, Life and Employment , passed in the Executive Yuan Council of ¡§Guilding Principles of Service Industry ¡¨. According to the above statements, I suggest we should use ¡§MAI SHI WEI XIAO¡¨ to replace ¡§MICE¡¨ and ¡§SMILE¡¨ as a embedded Taiwanese local expression and succinct marketing objective , and to represent the smile¡¦s renaissance of seller¡¦s market. In conclusion, in the era of consumers¡¦ awareness awaking, a country or a city which is lack of natural resorts should employ the trend of ¡§Global Business Era¡¨ to hold all kinds of international conferences and exhibitions which bring the benefit of economic scale based on its advantages creating a niche market, and match up ¡§Differentiated Marketing Strategy¡¨ and ¡§Value-adding Marketing¡¨ to generate the maximum profit.

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The Diploma Thesis deals with the relationship between International and European law in the context of actual events. The main aim is to analyse this relationship on the particular case of Yassin Abdullah Kadi by means of the wide scale of expert opinions and discussions. The main aim will be achieved through several partial aims (theoretical definition of essential conceptions relating to the theme, description of particular UN resolutions and their implementation into European law, analysis of the judgements of EU judicial authorities in the Kadi case).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana N Smolentzov.pdf: 754594 bytes, checksum: d9d1b92cf92aee4d022592f0f2d0b397 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-09 / Despite the fact that the subject of this paper is still disputed and not well studied in the Corporation Law, it has increased in importance nowadays, in view of the growth of the Brazilian economy and the companies. The referred subject is examined in this paper under the perspective of the Corporation law with additional consideration of the Litigation Law. Only flaws in the shareholders meetings will be dealt with in such paper, as the shareholders meeting is the maximum body of the corporations. The main scope of this paper is to show the antagonism between the doctrine and the case law, due to several omissions in the applicable legislation mainly with respect to the annulment of resolutions, statute of limitation and association in suit (litisconsórcio) / O tema do presente trabalho, ainda que muito controvertido e pouco estudado no âmbito do Direito Societário, é de crescente importância nos dias atuais, tendo em vista o crescimento da economia brasileira e conseqüentemente das empresas. Tal tema é examinado neste trabalho do ponto de vista societário e com considerações em matéria de direito processual civil. Serão abordados somente os vícios em assembléias gerais, por ser o órgão máximo das sociedades anônimas. O enfoque principal desse trabalho é mostrar o entendimento antagônico da doutrina e da jurisprudência, tendo em vista as várias omissões legislativas, principalmente no que se refere à anulabilidade e nulidade das deliberações assembleares, prazo prescricional e litisconsórcio

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos Godinho dos Santos.pdf: 1568718 bytes, checksum: c84bef3972697df980163958f88b2a62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Literature points that children in sixth grade of Middle School show difficulty to solve fractional problems that demand the concept of proportion. Behavior analysis affords efficient techniques and procedures to form stimulus classes that originate concepts. Nevertheless, few production about concepts formation based on this perspective were achieved on Math field. The present study s goal is to investigate the effect of conditional relationship training between: fractional pictorial stimulus (group A) and numerical (group B) and, numerical (group B) and numerical (group C), both performed by means of the stimulus equivalence paradigm, concerning formation of equivalence classes with fractional stimulus, generalization of responses to new situations and the expansion of the formed classes after the training among members of group A and a new group of numerical stimulus (D). Three experiments were conducted with an amount of 90 children enrolled in State educational system in Goiania and Trindade cities, falling into both genres whose ages range from 11 to 14 years old. The participants, divided in experimental and control groups, were initially submitted to a pencil and paper evaluation about fractional problems (IE) expressed in absolute and relative way. In the first experiment, one group was exposed only to the training with programmed instructions about fractional problem resolutions (PIG), another one only to conditional relationship training (EQG) and a third one to both trainings (EQPIG). In experiment 2, one group handled concrete material presented in form of fraction (CMG), another one went through the training of the two conditions (CMGEQ). In experiment 3, one group trained conditional relationships with fractional stimulus (EQG), another one went through the training of compounding (copying) fractions from models visually presented and conditional relationship tests (EQCTG) and to a third group was asked the exposition of the strategies adopted to solve problems during the trainings and conditional relationship tests (GEQR). At the end of the procedures all of them went through a final evaluation (FE) identical to the initial evaluation (IE). The control participants took only the initial and final evaluations. The results show that participants presented difficulty to solve problems expressed in relative way. Generally, all the participants of the experimental groups of the three experiments formed three fractional stimulus classes (ABC), however there was no expansion of these classes after the training between one of its members and a new stimulus. The highest generalization indexes occurred in the first programmed test and decreased in the second evaluation. Only participants of experimental groups presented systematic gains from IE to FE, considering that the highest performances to problems with fractions occurred to participants in EQPIG group. / A literatura aponta que crianças de final do sexto ano do ensino fundamental demonstram dificuldade para resolver problemas fracionários que exigem o conceito de proporção. A análise do comportamento dispõe de técnicas e procedimentos eficientes para formar classes de estímulos que dão origem a conceitos. Contudo, poucos trabalhos sobre formação de conceitos embasados nessa perspectiva foram realizados no campo da matemática. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito do treino de relações condicionais entre: estímulos fracionários pictóricos (conjunto A) e numéricos (conjunto B) e, entre estímulos fracionários numéricos (conjunto B) e numéricos (conjunto C), ambos realizados por meio do procedimento de pareamento com o modelo a partir do paradigma de equivalência de estímulos sobre a formação de classes de equivalência com estímulos fracionários, tendo sido avaliada também a generalização da resposta a novas situações e a expansão das classes formadas após o treino entre os membros do conjunto A e um novo conjunto de estímulos numéricos (D). Foram conduzidos três experimentos com um total de 90 crianças matriculadas na rede estadual de ensino das cidades de Goiânia e Trindade, de ambos os sexos cujas idades variaram entre 11 e 14 anos. Os participantes, divididos em grupos experimentais e de controle, passaram inicialmente por uma avaliação do tipo lápis e papel sobre problemas fracionários (AI) expressos de forma absoluta e relativa. No primeiro experimento, um grupo foi exposto apenas ao treino com instruções programadas sobre a resolução de problemas fracionários (GIP), outro apenas ao treino de relações condicionais (GEQ) e um terceiro a ambos os treinos (GIPEQ). No experimento 2, um grupo manuseou material concreto apresentado em forma de fração (GMC), outro fez treino de relações condicionais entre estímulos fracionários (GEQ) e um terceiro passou pelo treino das duas condições (GMCEQ). No experimento 3, um grupo fez treino de relações condicionais com estímulos fracionários (GEQ), outro passou pelo treino de composição (cópia) de frações a partir de modelos apresentados visualmente mais o treino de relações condicionais (GEQTC) e a um terceiro grupo foi solicitado o relato das estratégias que eles adotaram para resolver os problemas durante os treinos e testes das relações condicionais(GEQR). Ao final dos procedimentos todos eles passaram por uma avaliação final (AF) idêntica à avaliação inicial (AI) aplicada no início do estudo. Os participantes controles fizeram apenas as avaliações inicial e final. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes demonstraram dificuldade para resolver problemas expressos na forma relativa. Em geral, todos os participantes dos grupos experimentais dos três experimentos formaram três classes de estímulos fracionários (ABC), mas não houve expansão dessas classes após o treino entre um de seus membros e um novo estímulo. Os maiores índices de generalização ocorreram no primeiro teste programado e decaíram na segunda avaliação. Apenas os participantes dos grupos experimentais apresentaram ganhos sistemáticos da AI para a AF, sendo que as maiores porcentagens de acertos para problemas com frações expressas de forma relativa ocorreram para os participantes do grupo GIPEQ.

A presente tese objetiva analisar o redimensionamento conceitual do Princípio da Igualdade no Direito Internacional Público, assim como a aplicação desse princípio na Organização das Nações Unidas, em especial no órgão judiciário, a Corte Internacional de Justiça, e nas Resoluções da Assembleia Geral da ONU sobre o princípio. A mudança mais relevante da sociedade internacional é a sua expansão horizontal de Estados, que impacta na validade das regras do Direito Internacional. A metodologia da escolha dos casos e das resoluções analisados serão precedidas por um estudo exploratório da doutrina sobre o princípio da igualdade. O novo entendimento sobre o princípio visa garantir uma igualdade material no plano internacional. Admite a possibilidade de buscar a realização da igualdade material com as desigualdades compensatórias ou vantajosas. O tratamento diferenciado ocorre apenas na presença de condições que são desfavoráveis na prática. Num primeiro momento, busca-se articular diversas teorias que explicam o princípio da igualdade na teoria do Direito e no Direito Internacional Público, para, num segundo momento, compreendê-lo a partir de um novo entendimento - uma igualdade solidária e pluralista. / This dissertation aims to analyze the conceptual dimension of the Principle of Equality in Public International Law, as well as its application in the United Nations, particularly in the International Court of Justice, in addition to the UN General Assembly resolutions on thhe principle. The most significant change in international society is its horizontal expansion of States, which impact on the validity of the rules of international law. The methodology for choosing the cases and the analyzed resolutions will be preceded by an exploratory study of the doctrine on the principle of equality. The new understanding of the principle aims to ensure a substantive equality internationally. The principle allows the possibility of seeking the realization of the fulfilment of material equality in counter or advantageous inequality. The differential treatment occurs only in the presence of conditions that are unfavorable in practice. At first, several theories that explain the principle of equality in the theory of law and public international law are articulated in order to develop a new understanding - a plural and a solidarity equality.

Este trabalho tem por objeto examinar a atuação administrativa consensual, com enfoque na solução de conflitos sobre prestações materiais de saúde na esfera administrativa. A Constituição Federal de 1988 reconhece expressamente a saúde como direito fundamental de todos e determina ser dever do Estado garanti-lo, mediante políticas sociais e econômicas que visem à promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. Para alcançar os fins estatuídos pelo constituinte, diversas políticas públicas têm sido elaboradas e executadas. Porém, tendo em vista que grande parte da população não tem acesso às ações e serviços de saúde, o trabalho se propõe a indicar possíveis alternativas para enfrentar esta problemática brasileira. Para construir uma concepção dogmática adequada à compreensão do direito à saúde e de suas repercussões jurídicas, a dissertação analisa a teoria dos direitos fundamentais, explicitando as variadas funções que o direito à saúde pode exercer conforme o caso concreto. A função positiva do direito à saúde é destacada neste estudo, sobretudo, sua importância no Estado Social na promoção da igualdade material. Na sequência, o trabalho se dedica ao estudo do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com base na estrutura delineada pela Constituição para conduzir a elaboração e a execução de políticas sanitárias. Em seguida, o tema da participação popular na Administração Pública é examinado como vetor do caráter Democrático do Estado, analisando seus pressupostos, instrumentos e, ainda, suas formas de expressão no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Por fim, o texto explora o modelo de Administração consensual no Brasil, especialmente no tocante à atividade de dirimir controvérsias na via administrativa, buscando identificar se, e em quais casos, esta atuação configura um autêntico módulo convencional. Feito o recorte temático proposto como linha de pesquisa, o trabalho examina instrumentos pró-consensuais institucionalizados para a solução de conflitos em matéria de saúde na via administrativa, apontando caminhos voltados à realização do direito fundamental à saúde e aos objetivos do Estado previstos na Constituição Federal. / This essay intends to examine the consensual administrative action, approaching to the conflict resolution regarding to medical supplies as well as healthcare services in the administrative process. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expressly recognizes health as a fundamental right and States guarantee duty, through social and economic policies, which has the propose of health promotion, protection and recovery. In order to realize the constitutional aims, a lot of public policies have been developed and implemented. However, considering that great amount of the population does not have access to healthcare actions and services, the study has the purpose of identifying possible alternatives to deal with this Brazilian issue. In order to develop an appropriate dogmatic understanding related to right to health and its legal repercussions, this essay analyzes the fundamental rights theory, explaining the various right to health functions that could be used according to the case. The right to healths positive function is highlighted in this essay, mainly, its importance to the Social State regarding to substantive equality promotion. Afterwards, this essay studies the Brazilian healthcare system (so-called Sistema Único de Saúde, or simply SUS), based on the structure outlined by the Constitution related to development and performance of public health policies. Then, the public participation theme in Public Administration is analyzed as a Democratic State conductor, going through its assumptions, instruments, and also its way of expression in the Brazilian healthcare system (SUS). Finally, the study explores the Brazilian consensual administrative model, especially in relation to conflict resolution activity in the administrative process, with the view to identify if, and in which cases, this action consist on a genuine conventional mechanism. In the conclusion, the analyze focuses on institutional mechanisms in favor of conflicts resolution by consensus regarding to heath in the administrative process, pointing out possible ways which conduces to right of heath effectiveness and achievements related to the objectives stated in the Federal Constitution.

This investigation is concerned with determining what influence, if any, results from the dependence upon foreign sources of petroleum by the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. The influence that petroleum plays upon the changing attitudes of these four nations towards Israel and the Arab nations is ascertained by the utilization of primary and secondary sources. The study analyzes all the resolutions that have been adopted by the United Nations Security Council in the years between 1948 and 1976 dealing specifically with the Arab-Israeli conflict. Other chapters analyze each of the four nations to which attention is being directed. This study concludes that the growing and continuing dependence upon Arab oil has influenced the foreign policies the four nations have assumed toward the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Lofiego Sanchez Chrispi.pdf: 249606 bytes, checksum: 5a8880db24d7977933709e4c0c21001b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-05 / This research on the social determinants that lead mothers to abandon newborns putting them at risk of life, reflects a concern about the situation experienced nowadays by many women and newborn babies in our country. For a better approach of the reality experienced by these women and understanding of what permeates their act, has been used as a feature testimonials of the individuals -these mothers- and as methodology the oral story. Even with all problems involving this research because it is a field characterized by silence, where the desire for non-identification is firmly present in the reality of mothers who have abandoned their children at risk, the attainment of this reality only became possible when the focus was on these women. The identity given to the woman, socially and historically, in terms of peer pressure related to motherhood / maternal and the fear and shame of challenging the myth of innate maternal love, establish essential determinants to the reality here searched. The discrimination that mothers who give away their children bear, the lack of a support network (family/community) and the social policies restricting family and the woman are also important resolutions which, sometimes, imbricate with each other. / A presente pesquisa sobre determinantes sociais que levam mães a abandonarem seus filhos recém-nascidos, colocando-os em situação de risco de vida, traduz uma preocupação acerca da realidade vivenciada atualmente por inúmeras mulheres e recém-nascidos em nosso país. Para melhor aproximação da realidade concreta vivenciada por estas mulheres e entendimento do que permeia seu ato, foram utilizados depoimentos dos sujeitos - essas mães - tendo como metodologia a história oral. Mesmo com toda dificuldade que envolve esta pesquisa por se tratar de uma área caracterizada pelo silêncio, já que o desejo de não identificação se faz fortemente presente na vida dessas mães que abandonaram seu filho em situação de risco, a apreensão desta realidade só se tornou possível ao ser direcionado o olhar a essas mulheres. A identidade atribuída à mulher, social e historicamente, no que se refere à pressão social relacionada à maternidade / maternagem e o medo e a vergonha de desafiar o mito do amor materno inato, constituem determinantes fundamentais para a realidade aqui pesquisada. O preconceito sofrido pelas mães que entregam seus filhos, a falta da rede de apoio (familiar / comunitária) e as políticas sociais restritivas à família e à mulher também são importantes determinações, que se imbricam em alguns momentos