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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
371

Detaljhandeln och CSR : Hur kan ett aktivt CSR-arbete betraktas vara en långsiktig konkurrensfördel? / Retail and CSR : How can active CSR work be considered a long-term competitive advantage?

Johansson, Gustav, Schyberg, Matilda January 2018 (has links)
Det har blivit till en global insikt att jordens framtid, i mångt och mycket, vilar i människans händer. Ett fortsatt överutnyttjande av resurser i samspel med de avsevärda växthusgaserna som släpps ut är därmed förödande för samhället. Just detaljhandeln är en bransch som bidrar till omfattande negativa effekter på samhället, dels på grund utav det enorma matsvinn som varje dag blir då produkter passerar ”bäst före-datum” och dels beroende på de negativa utsläpp som blir vid produktionen av vissa produkter. Forskning har visat att åtskilliga företag inom detaljhandeln idag väljer att beakta sitt CSR-engagemang (bidrag till ett mer hållbart samhälle) som en resurs. Dock står detaljhandeln inför många betydande risker och offentlig kritik i relation till hur de beaktar sitt CSR-engagemang som en resurs. Kritiken handlar bland annat om hur livsmedelsbutiker tar sitt ansvar i försörjningskedjan. Givet den exponering (problematik) detaljhandeln står inför beträffande de betydande riskerna och den offentliga kritiken som kan bli faktum om inte CSR-aspekter beaktas blir det därför betydelsefullt att undersöka detta område: Hur kan ett aktivt CSR-arbete betraktas vara en långsiktig konkurrensfördel (inom detaljhandeln)? Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i den resursbaserade vyn och VRIO-ramverket. Det förstnämnda syftar till att identifiera ett företags konkurrensfördelar medan VRIO-ramverket analyserar hur konkurrensfördelarna kan bli långsiktiga. Till studien används en kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts på tre svenska företag inom detaljhandeln, samt analys av tillhörande företagsdokument. Slutsatsen visar att det inte är möjligt att dra någon allmängiltig slutsats angående om ett aktivt CSR-arbete kan betraktas vara en långsiktig konkurrensfördel eller inte. Slutsatsen är istället att ett aktivt CSR-engagemang bör ses som en potentiell källa till att uppnå långsiktig konkurrensfördel samt att ett företags CSR-engagemang i framtiden kommer vara av existentiell betydelse för det egna företaget. / It has become a general knowledge that the future of the earth rests in the hands of humankind. A continued over-exploitation of resources in interaction with the significant greenhouse gases being emitted is consequently devastating to society. Just the retail sector is an industry that contributes to the significant negative effects on society, partly due to the negative emissions that occur in the production of certain products and partly because of the huge food waste every day when products pass” best before dates”. Research has shown that several retail companies today choose to pay regard to their CSR commitment (contribution to a more sustainable society) as a resource. However, retailing faces many significant risks and public criticism in relation to how they consider their CSR commitment as a resource. Given the increased awareness and consideration of CSR as a resource in relation to the problematic retail trade, it is therefore important to investigate: How active CSR work can be regarded as a long term competitive advantage (within retail)? Which aims to understand the relationship between retail and CSR activities. The study will be based on the resource based view and the VRIO-framework. The former aims at identifying a company's competitive advantage while the VRIO-framework analyzes how the competitive benefits can be long term. The study used a qualitative method in which semi-structured interviews have been used in meetings with three major companies in the retail sector in Sweden. Furthermore, the companies' documents were also examined. The result revealed that we cannot draw a general conclusion about whether active CSR work can be considered as a long-term competitive advantage or not, but it should be seen as a potential source for achieving long term competitive advantage. On the other hand, the study concluded that a company's CSR commitment will be decisive in order to remain in the future market.
372

InovaÃÃo, sustentabilidade ambiental e social e desempenho: relaÃÃo e efeitos em empresas brasileiras e europeias / Innovation, environmental and social sustainability and performance: relationship and effects in Brazilian and European companies

Josà Glauber Cavalcante dos Santos 07 July 2015 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A percepÃÃo de que a estruturaÃÃo dos arranjos organizacionais e das estratÃgias, pelas firmas, pressupÃe que concebam e interpretem o cenÃrio econÃmico no qual figuram como agentes construtores e modificadores. A adaptaÃÃo, todavia, nÃo se faz o cerne das discussÃes em torno deste debate, mas sim o processo ou a fase de conversÃo do voluntarismo adaptativo em vantagens competitivas resultantes em ascensÃo da performance. O arcabouÃo teÃrico sedimentado pela VisÃo Baseada em Recursos (RBV) pÃe a competÃncia e a idiossincrasia organizacional como variÃveis de distinÃÃo entre as empresas (BARNEY, 1991). Nesse sentido, pode-se pressupor que a gestÃo dos recursos e a estratÃgia a ela atrelada podem alavancar os retornos das firmas em virtude da diferenciaÃÃo. A inovaÃÃo pode ser referida como um desses potenciais fatores estratÃgicos chave. TambÃm com a RBV, Hart (1995) estabelece que a incorporaÃÃo da responsabilidade socioambiental tambÃm à passÃvel de incrementar vantagens competitivas, jà que concede Ãs organizaÃÃes a consecuÃÃo de distinÃÃo no mercado. Por meio da reflexÃo exposta, este estudo investigou os possÃveis efeitos dos perfis estratÃgios com foco na inovaÃÃo e na sustentabilidade ambiental e social na rentabilidade de firmas que pertencem a contextos econÃmicos distintos, neste caso, o brasileiro e o europeu. A seleÃÃo de empresas que compÃs o grupo avaliado compreendeu companhias de capital aberto participantes de Ãndices de sustentabilidade da BM&FBovespa (Ãndice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial â ISE; Ãndice Carbono Eficiente â ICO2) e da NYSE Euronext (Low Carbon 100). Foram selecionadas 78 indÃstrias, investigadas em corte longitudinal de quatro anos (2010-2013). O estudo à descritivo, com dados extraÃdos de bases documentais (Demonstrativos Financeiros, Notas Explicativas, RelatÃrios Anuais, de Sustentabilidade e da AdministraÃÃo), e dotado de abordagens qualitativa (anÃlise de conteÃdo) e quantitativa (AnÃlise de CorrespondÃncia; Teste de DiferenÃas de MÃdias e de TendÃncia â Teste de Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra, Mann-Whitney; RegressÃo Linear MÃltipla). Os resultados apontam os seguintes posicionamentos: (i) a inovaÃÃo, medida pelos intangÃveis de inovaÃÃo, as patentes, a P&D e o ITI (GU; LI, 2003), à superior, em termos de divulgaÃÃo e investimentos, nas empresas europeias; (ii) apesar da publicaÃÃo de RelatÃrios de Sustentabilidade, seguindo as diretrizes da GRI, se mostrar relativamente maior no grupo de empresas brasileiras, o disclosure à maior nas empresas europeias; (iii) nÃo se pode observar a conjugaÃÃo estratÃgica da inovaÃÃo e da sustentabilidade em patamares relevantes; (iv) em alguns perÃodos especÃficos, em relaÃÃo à inovaÃÃo e à sustentabilidade, desempenhos superiores e contÃnuos foram observados, sem diferenÃas significativas; (v) o engajamento estratÃgico (inovaÃÃo e sustentabilidade) interfere, de diferentes formas, na performance das empresas; (vi) a inovaÃÃo e a sustentabilidade, quando avaliadas por meio dos intangÃveis de inovaÃÃo e patentes, e da divulgaÃÃo ambiental e social, respectivamente, influenciam a rentabilidade positivamente. Conclui-se que inovaÃÃo e sustentabilidade podem favorecer, em algum nÃvel, a rentabilidade, porÃm esse impacto depende de como as empresas divulgam as informaÃÃes sobre essas estratÃgias. Discute-se aqui que à imperativo à gestÃo avaliar o trade-off do custo informacional, ponderando acerca das vantagens, de curto e longo prazo, econÃmicas e de mercado, passÃveis de serem absorvidas ou negligenciadas pelas firmas em decorrÃncia da associaÃÃo estratÃgica da inovaÃÃo com a sustentabilidade ambiental e social. Esses resultados ratificam os pressupostos da RBV, uma vez que recursos especÃficos podem ser convertidos em favor do desempenho das empresas, sejam elas pertencentes a diferentes cenÃrios econÃmicos, com maior ou menor nÃvel de comprometimento com as estratÃgias de inovaÃÃo e sustentabilidade. / The perception that the structure of organizational arrangements and strategies, by firms necessarily assume that conceive and interpret the economic environment in which figure as builders and modifying agents. Adaptation, however, is not the core of the discussions around this debate, but rather the process or the conversion phase of the adaptive voluntarism into competitive advantages resulting in rise of performance. The theoretical framework settled by the Resource Based View (RBV), according to Barney (1991), puts the expertise and organizational idiosyncrasy as a distinguishing variable between companies.In this sense, it can be assumed that the management of resources and strategy linked to it can leverage firms returns due to the differentiation.Innovation can be referred as one of those potential key strategic factors. Through theory RBV, Hart (1995) states that the incorporation of environmental and social responsibilities of companies is also likely to enhance the competitive advantages, in other words, sustainability, in theory, grants organizations the achievement of distinction in the market. Through the exposed reflection, this study aimed to investigate the possible effects of the strategic profiles focused on innovation and environmental and social sustainability in the profitability of firms belonging to distinct economic contexts, in this case, the Brazilian and European. The selection of companies that composed the evaluated group included public companies listed in sustainability indexes of Bovespa (Corporate Sustainability Index â ISE; Carbon Efficient Index â ICO2) and NYSE Euronext (Low Carbon 100). It was selected 78 companies, which were investigated in longitudinal section of four years (2010-2013). The Research is descriptive, with data extracted from document databases (Financial Statements, Notes, Annual, Sustainability and Management Reports) with its qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative approaches (Correspondence Analysis â ANACOR; Mean Differences and Trend Test â Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra, Mann-Whitney Test; Multiple Linear Regression). The demonstrated results support the following positions: (i) innovation is superior, in terms of disclosure and investments, measured by intangibles of innovation, patents, R&D and TII (GU; LI, 2003), in the developed economic context; (ii) despite the publication of sustainability reports, in accordance to guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), be relatively higher in the group of Brazilian firms, the disclosure is higher in European group; (iii) one can not observe the strategic combination of innovation and sustainability in relevant levels; (iv) in specific periods, superior and continuing advantages were observed in relation to innovation and environmental and social Sustainability, with absence of significant differences; (v) strategic engagement interfere, in different ways, in the performance of companies; (vi) innovation and sustainability, when evaluated using the intangibles of innovation and patents, and environmental and social disclosure, respectively influence the profitability positively. This research concludes that innovation and sustainability can promote somehow profitability, but its impact depends on how companies disclose information about these strategies. It is argued here that it is imperative for management to evaluate the trade-off inherent in the informational cost, pondering the economic and market advantages, of short and long term, that can be absorbed or neglected by firms as a result of the strategic association of innovation with environmental and social sustainability. These results confirm the assumptions of RBV, since specific resources can be converted in favor of corporate performance, whether belonging to different economic scenarios, with varying levels of commitment to innovation and sustainability strategies.
373

O papel dos recursos estratégicos no desempenho competitivo internacional : casos de análises no setor vinícola do Vale do Rio Negro argentino

Fernandez, Sandra Patrícia January 2008 (has links)
Baseado na questão que surge a partir do fato de que numa mesma indústria, com condições similares de mercado, algumas empresas se apresentam como bem-sucedidas e outras não, este trabalho teve como objetivo somar algumas idéias a esta discussão que preocupa tanto acadêmicos quanto líderes do setor privado e público. Tendo como base a conhecida teoria da Visão da Firma Baseada em Recursos, este trabalho fixou como objetivo indagar sobre a função diferencial cumprida pelos recursos no desempenho competitivo internacional de empresas do Vale do Rio Negro argentino dedicadas à produção e exportação de vinhos finos. Para isso, foi revisada uma vasta literatura sobre o tema, percorrendo cronologicamente seus antecedentes a partir dos quais foi desenhado um modelo de aplicação para conduzir a operacionalização do estudo. Foram selecionadas cinco empresas da região com características bem diferentes entre si. Utilizando a análise de casos, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e aplicado um questionário para obter informações sobre a valorização dos recursos tangíveis e intangíveis por parte de cada uma das empresas. Sobre cada recurso selecionado da lista oferecida, foram solicitadas explicações acerca da importância e características de valor, raridade, inimitabilidade e insubstituibilidade. Os resultados obtidos e sua interpretação permitiram dividir as empresas selecionadas em dois tipos: alto e baixo desempenho competitivo internacional. Depois disso, foram comparados os recursos escolhidos em cada grupo. Pôde ser observado que as empresas de alto desempenho valorizaram mais aqueles recursos relacionados com aspectos comerciais e de mercado e as de baixo desempenho os recursos que intervêm em aspectos de tecnologia de produção e de acesso a capital e insumos. Ambos os grupos valorizaram a importância da localização geográfica e a dotação de Recursos Naturais, de fundamental importância para a produção e elaboração de vinhos. Por último, foram citadas as contribuições teóricas e práticas do trabalho, suas limitações, além de algumas questões que foram levantadas, as quais podem ser tratadas em estudos posteriores. / In response to the question as to why within the same industry and under similar market conditions some companies are successful and others are not, this paper seeks to provide some insight into the discussion of an issue that has long puzzled both academics and leaders of the private and public sector. Within the theoretical framework of the well-known resource-based view of the firm (VBR), this paper aims to probe the differential role that resources played in the international competitiveness shown by fine wine-producing and exporting firms in the Argentine Valley of Río Negro. To this end, we reviewed the vast literature on the subject in chronological order to design an application model for the operationalization of the study. Five quite distinct companies were selected from within the region. Using the case study analysis, we conducted semi-structured interviews and applied a questionnaire to collect data on the valuation of tangible and intangible resources by each of the companies under study. Each of the selected resources on the list provided was in turn broken down into the importance and characteristics of its value, rareness, inimitability, and non-substitutability. From the results and their interpretation it was possible to divide the selected companies into two groups in terms of their international competitiveness: high- and low-performing firms. Next, the resources chosen in each group were compared. It was found that the high-performing group attaches more value to business and market-related aspects while the low-performing group favors production technology, and capital and input access. Both groups accorded importance to geographical location and natural resource endowments, key factors in wine making and production. Finally, we cite the theoretical and practical contributions of the paper as well as its limitations. Some issues to be addressed in further studies are also presented.
374

Elementos determinantes das configurações das estruturas de coordenação vertical no setor brasileiro de frutas em conserva

Rigatto, Paulo January 2005 (has links)
Quais as causas e condições que levam à ocorrência de diferentes estruturas de Coordenação Vertical (CV) dentro de uma mesma indústria? Este estudo objetiva identificar, caracterizar e analisar as diferentes formas de coordenação vertical encontradas em onze empresas pertencentes ao setor de pêssegos em conserva no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). A presente pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo multi-caso, utilizou-se de duas abordagens teóricas da Economia para estruturar seu modelo de análise: a da Economia dos Custos de Transação e a da Visão Baseada em Recursos. Os resultados revelam que os fatores mais relevantes para a escolha da definição das estruturas de coordenação vertical entre empresas e fornecedores (destas indústrias) são transacionais e de recursos. Altos níveis de incerteza e oportunismo (custos de transação) levam as empresas a adotar estruturas hierárquicas de coordenação (produção própria). O estudo da dinâmica evolutiva das estruturas de Coordenação Vertical permitiu relaciona-las às características dos recursos e dos custos das transações. A primeira, relacionando o modelo de Coordenação Vertical adotado pela empresa aos tipos de recursos (tangíveis e intangíveis) disponíveis; e a segunda, à imprevisibilidade e relevância de problemas no fluxo de suprimento de matéria-prima. A disponibilidade de recursos intangíveis mostrou ter um forte impacto sobre a adoção de relações mais integradas com fornecedores, enquanto que uma maior disponibilidade de recursos tangíveis exerce uma pressão maior no sentido da verticalização da produção de suprimentos. E a segunda, relacionando a imprevisibilidade e a relevância dos problemas no suprimento de matéria prima. Quanto maior a imprevisibilidade ou velocidade de ocorrência e relevância de um problema no fluxo de suprimentos maior será a tendência de reação no sentido da verticalização da produção e vice-versa. / What are the causes and conditions that lead to the existence of different vertical co-ordination (VC) structures within the same industry? This study aims to identify, characterize and analyze the varying forms of VC found in eleven firms that comprise the peach conserve industry in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). In order to establish its analysis model, the present research, which may be characterized as a multi-case study, was based on two theoretical concepts on economics: the Transactional Costs Economics, and the Resources Based View. The results obtained reveal that the most relevant factors that influence the choice of VC structure among these firms and their suppliers are transactional and resources. High levels of uncertainty and opportunism (transaction factors) lead firms to adopt more hierarchical VC structures (own production). Studying the VC structures evolutive dynamics, it was allowed to relate them to the characteristics of Resources and Transactional Costs. The former one has related the VC model adopted by the firm to the different kinds of available resources (tangible or intangible); and the latter one, to the unforeseeability and relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties. Bigger intangible resources availability is shown to have a strong impact on the adoption of more integrated VC structures; whereas greater capital availability moves firms towards a more hierarchical VC of supplies production. Second, the bigger the unforeseeability and the relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties, accordingly bigger will be the reaction tendency to a production verticalization, and vice-versa.
375

Aquisição e desenvolvimento de recursos estratégicos de restaurantes gastronômicos: estudo de multicasos na América Latina

SALAZAR, Viviane Santos 30 January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-03T18:33:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Doutorado Viviane Santos Salazar [30-01-2015].pdf: 5289815 bytes, checksum: e26180f9166e8e57dff490117109ca6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T18:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Doutorado Viviane Santos Salazar [30-01-2015].pdf: 5289815 bytes, checksum: e26180f9166e8e57dff490117109ca6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de desenvolvimento e/ou aquisição dos recursos estratégicos de restaurantes gastronômicos na América Latina. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de múltiplos casos de cunho qualitativo e longitudinal, sendo desenvolvido nos restaurantes Mocotó, Epice e Astrid y Gaston. Para coletar os dados foram realizadas nove entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com gestores, jornalistas e críticos gastronômicos além de documentos – cardápios, matérias e livros – que foram examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que, nos três casos estudados, os recursos estratégicos foram: os recursos humanos, organizacionais, relacionais, reputacionais, tecnológicos, financeiros e físicos que foram desenvolvidos internamente. Os recursos adquiridos no mercado foram apenas os recursos humanos, físicos e financeiros. Os resultados indicaram também que, nos três casos estudados, o chef de cozinha é um recurso fundamental para qualquer restaurante que almeje ser listado em algum guia gastronômico reconhecido. Este recurso humano foi assinalado como primordial para a concepção e consecução das estratégias dos restaurantes e é apontado como responsável pela combinação e complementariedade dos demais recursos estratégicos. A partir dos resultados, identificou-se que os chefs criaram uma identidade distinta para suas empresas, diferenciando-as da concorrência e gerando vantagem competitiva sustentável. / The general purpose of this research is to analyze the process of development and/or acquisition of strategic resources of gastronomy restaurants in Latin America. The methodology used was a longitudinal-qualitative multiple case study, carried out at Mocotó, Epice and Astrid y Gaston restaurants. Data were collected through semistructured personal interviews with nine participants, among managers, journalists and food critics, besides some documents - menus, newspapers/magazines and books - which were examined by using content analysis techniques. The results indicated that, in the three cases studied, strategic resources were: human, organizational, relational, reputational, technological, financial and physical resources which, in turn, were developed internally. The resources obtained from the market were exclusively human, physical and financial resources. Moreover, the results also pointed that, in the three cases studied, the chef is the key resource for any restaurant whose purpose is to appear on a recognized gastronomic guide. Such a human resource was referred as being crucial for the design and implementation of restaurants' strategies, as well as being responsible for combining and complementing the other strategic resources. Based on these results, it was found that the chefs have created a distinctive identity for their companies, differentiating them from the competitors and generating a sustainable competitive advantage.
376

Recursos estratégicos : estudo multicasos de empresas vinícolas da serra gaúcha

Machado, Rosimeri 28 June 2012 (has links)
A Visão Baseada em Recursos, ou seja, a análise interna dos recursos que a empresa possui para a criação de vantagem competitiva, é de fundamental importância na formulação de estratégias bem sucedidas nas organizações. Com esse propósito, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os recursos tangíveis e intangíveis, independente de pessoas, existentes em empresas da indústria vinícola da Serra Gaúcha, investigando quais desses recursos suportam as estratégias das empresas pesquisadas. Para levantamento das informações, foi efetuada uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, do tipo estudo multicasos, com entrevistas em profundidade com os principais gestores das empresas selecionadas. Como suporte da pesquisa, empregou-se a matriz de recursos, adaptada de Saraiva (2007), para tabulação das respostas. Os resultados do estudo apontaram os recursos estratégicos existentes nas empresas investigadas tais como, marcas e contratos, equipamentos, terras e recursos naturais, planta própria, recursos financeiros e matéria-prima de qualidade, destacando as marcas, mencionadas por todas as organizações, confirmando que empresas que utilizam e exploram estes recursos eficazmente tem uma vantagem competitiva no seu mercado de atuação. / Resource Based View, or company internal resources analysis, is important for a successful organizational strategy formulation to build a competitive advantage. For this purpose, this study aimed to identify and analyze the existing tangible and intangible resources, independent of people, in the Serra Gaucha wine industry, investigating what of these resources support the researched companies’ strategies. A qualitative exploratory research, multicase study type, with in-depth interviews with senior executives of the selected companies was used to collect the information. To support the research, a resources matrix, adapted from Saraiva (2007), was used for responses tabulation. Study results highlight the existing resources in the investigated companies such as brands and contracts, technology, land and natural resources, plant units, financial resources and raw material quality. Brands were mentioned by all organizations confirming that organizations who use and explore effectively these resources have a competitive advantage in the market.
377

Desenvolvimento de recursos para o desempenho superior: uma análise sobre os fatores determinantes para o aumento de torcida em um clube de futebol / RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE: AN ANALYSIS ON DETERMINANT FACTORS OF FAN\'S BASE GROWTH OF FOOTBALL CLUBS

Rodolfo Ribeiro 27 January 2017 (has links)
Esse trabalho se propôs a preencher uma das lacunas teóricas apontadas na Visão Baseada em Recursos (RBV): a origem dos recursos que garantem desempenho superior para as empresas conforme proposta de pesquisa de Barney, Ketchen e Wright (2011) e Maritan e Peteraf (2011). A RBV é uma teoria que sustenta que o desempenho superior obtido por algumas organizações é resultado da posse e exploração de recursos valiosos e imperfeitamente móveis, isto é, difíceis de serem adquiridos ou copiados pelos concorrentes. Há inúmeros trabalhos que testam e validam a causalidade entre a posse ou quantidade de um recurso específico com o desempenho organizacional. Conforme proposta metodológica de Rouse e Daellenbach (1999), de que pesquisas em RBV devem selecionar empresas que compartilham os mesmos fatores de produção e disputam mercados semelhantes, foi selecionada uma indústria específica para análise de como um recurso chave nessa indústria é desenvolvido. A seleção do recurso para estudo se baseou na proposta de Newbert (2007) sobre o enquadramento desse recurso nos pressupostos da RBV. A indústria escolhida foi a do futebol profissional. O recurso escolhido para compreensão foi a torcida de um clube. A partir dessa escolha, fundamentada em dados e premissas, foram formulados os seguintes objetivos de pesquisa: levantar quais fatores são relevantes na escolha do indivíduo por um clube de futebol para torcer, verificar a importância desses fatores na decisão do indivíduo e verificar qual a predominância dos fatores sob controle da organização na escolha do indivíduo. O primeiro objetivo foi cumprido com uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo método empregado foi a teoria fundamentada. A partir do modelo proposto na fase qualitativa, os demais objetivos foram cumpridos com a utilização de modelos de regressão logística e análise discriminante. Nesses modelos, a variável dependente era categórica (time escolhido para torcer) e as variáveis independentes foram composição familiar, lealdade familiar - medida de acordo com o constructo de Funk e James (2001), personalidade de marca dos clubes, desempenho esportivo dos clubes, qualidade dos jogadores e exposição dos clubes. Mostraram-se mais relevantes as variáveis relacionadas à família do indivíduo, sendo o desempenho esportivo também uma variável capaz de influenciar a escolha do indivíduo. Os resultados do trabalho atestam a existência de limites de competição ex ante e ex post por esse recurso, evidenciando que clubes com posição inferior desse recurso devem aumentar consideravelmente seu desempenho esportivo para acumular quantidades desse recurso, devido ao efeito de massa existente. / This thesis aimed at filling a literature gap indicated in Resource Based View: the development of resources that lead to superior performance. According to research propositions by Barney, Ketchen & Wright (2011) and Maritan & Peteraf (2011). RBV is a management theory that sustains that superior performance is due to ownership and use of valuable and imperfect mobile resources, that is, resources that cannot by aquired or imitated by competitors. There are several research papers testing and validating the causality betweeen ownership or superior quantity of an specific resource and organizational performance. Following research design proposal by Rouse & Daellenbach (1999), in which RBV researches must select firms that share the same production factors and compete in similar markets, it was selected an specific industry to analyze how a key resource in this industry is developed. The resource selection for this research was based on Newbert\'s (2007) proposal about how a resource can be framed in RBV foundations. Chosen industry was professional football. The chosen resource was clubs\'s fans base. From this research choice, based on data and assumptions, research objectives were formulated: reveal which factors are relevant on individual\'s choice of a football club to be a fan, verify importance of this factors on individual\'s decision and examine preponderance of factors under organizational\'s control. First research objective was completed with a qualitative research, based on grounded theory method. From proposed model on qualitative phase, later objectives were accomplished using logistic regression and discriminant analysis models. On this models, dependent variable was nominal-qualitative (chosen football club to be a fan) and independent variable were family composition, family loyalty - measured with Funk & James (2001) construct, clubs\'s brand personality traits, sport performance, players quality and club media exposition. Most relevant factors were Family related variables, being sport performance also capable of influence fan choice. Research results indicate ex ante and ex post limits to competition, highlighting that clubs with an inferior resource position must considerable elevate its sport performance to accumulate more quantity of this resource, due to existent mass effect.
378

Determinantes do investimento externo direto em terras nos países em desenvolvimento / Determinats of land foreign direct investment in developing countries

Leandro Simões Pongeluppe 31 July 2013 (has links)
Desde o final dos anos 2000, impulsionado pelo boom dos preços das commodities, o movimento de aquisição de terras por estrangeiros tem se acentuado nos países em desenvolvimento. Este estudo pretende responder quais são os condicionantes que determinam os Investimentos Externos Diretos (IED) em terras em alguns países e não em outros. Em termos teóricos, a abordagem da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI) argumenta que as instituições são importantes para as estratégias dos agentes econômicos e para o seu desempenho (NORTH, 1990). Já a Teoria Baseada em Recursos (TBR) afirma que os recursos são determinantes para a criação de rendas econômicas, por seu pontencial de gerarem vantagens competitivas (BARNEY, CLARK, 2007). Tendo em vista essas abordagens, esse estudo tem como hipótese que o ambiente institucional e a presença de recursos estratégicos influenciam o nível de Investimento Externo Direto em aquisição de terras nos países em desenvolvimento. Utilizando-se de análise estatística qualitativa comparativa e quantitativa verifica-se a relação entre o nível de IED aplicado nos países receptores, tendo em vista os seguintes condicionantes: direito de propriedade; nível de corrupção; liberdade de investimento; disponibilidade de terra agricultutável; e produtividade da terra. Para tanto, foram usados dados secundários de organizações internacionais, tais como: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Banco Mundial; Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento (UNCTAD); Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e Heritage Foundation - Wall Street Journal. Realizou-se também estudos mais aprofundados em dois países - Moçambique e Brasil - que vêm sendo escolhidos pelos investidores externos. Por fim, concluiu-se que o padrão de investimento nos países em desenvolvimento leva em conta, fundamentalmente, a garantia de direitos de propriedade e a diminuição da disponibilidade de terras nas localidades alvo de aplicações, mostrando que tanto a literatura institucional quanto a de recursos são relevantes na decisão de investimento, porém algumas de suas dimensões são mais importantes que outras. / Since the late 2000s, driven by boom of commodity prices, the movement of land acquisition by foreigners has been growing in developing countries. This study aims to answer what are the conditions that determine foreigndirect investment (FDI) in land in some countries and not in others. In theoretical terms, the approach of New Institutional Economics (NIE) argue that institutions are important to strategies of economic agents and their performance (NORTH, 1990). Resource-Based Theory (RBT) states that the resources are crucial to the creation of rents, by its pontencial of generating competitive advantages (BARNEY, CLARK, 2007). Given these approaches, this study has been hypothesized that the institutional environment and the presence of strategic resources influence the level of Foreign Direct Investment on land acquisition in developing countries. Using statistical qualitative comparison analysis and quantitative will be checked the relationship between the applied level of FDI in host countries, taking into consideration the following factors: property rights; level of corruption; investment freedom; avaiability of soil for agriculture use; and land pproductivity. Thus, we used secondary data from international organizations such as: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Organization for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD) and Heritage Foundation - Wall Street Journal. We also conducted further studies in two countries - Mozambique and Brazil - which has been choosed by foreign investors. Finnaly, it was concluded that the pattern of investment in developing countries, takes into account primarily the security of property rights and the decrease availability of land in the targeted locations of aplications , showing that both the institutional literature, as resources literature are relevant in the investment decision, but some of its dimensions are more important than others.
379

Achieving and Maintaining IS/IT Alignment in Organizations

Zhyganov, Volodymyr January 2013 (has links)
The alignment between IS/IT and business is one of the ways to achieve a significant competitive advantage for any organization. It is more important nowadays since any organization can buy any technology in the open market, so technologies themselves don’t give a significant competitive advantage.  Although the concept of the alignment has two decades of the history, it still has a lot of controversial issues and knowledge gaps such as uncertain understanding of the essence of the concept, the complexity of practical implementation and not paying attention to the social dimension of the alignment, i.e. the importance of mutual understanding and collaboration of IT and business executives. The current research aims to investigate the concept of alignment and finds out how an organization can achieve and maintain the IS/IT alignment. Also, this study explores the importance of the social dimension in the alignment concept, clarifies the essence of the IS/IT alignment and investigates how some theoretical concepts can really work in practice. There are many evidences in information systems management literature which describe that strategic alignment is necessary for profit organizations but there are very few which mention that strategic alignment is also important in non-profit academic institutions. During our current research we investigate how this concept works in Linnaeus University and how important it is to achieve and maintain an alignment in any university. In order to achieve the goal of the current research, the relevant information systems management literature was reviewed from a new perspective – a resource-based theory and a unified framework was proposed as a base for the further practical investigation. This research is based on a qualitative approach. By using a qualitative approach, we won’t miss anything important and can determine the maximum number of respondents' opinions. The primary data was collected by conducting private semi-structured interviews. The respondents are employees of a big nonprofit organization with the implemented business strategy, IT department and several information systems in use – Linnaeus University. The data were presented and analyzed according to the research questions and presented framework. The current study demonstrates the concept more clearly and tries to reassess the structure of IS/IT alignment. This research provides «a fresh look» at the concept of IS/IT alignment.
380

Factors Important for Rapid Internationalization : A Multiple Case-Study of Born Global Internet-Based Service Firms in Sweden

Burman, Anna, Stjernström, Ida January 2017 (has links)
The evolution of globalization and technology have changed the playground for international business and made it possible for smaller businesses to compete internationally among large and capital intensive companies. Markets become increasingly alike with converging product preferences and changing the world into one large integrated marketplace easily accessible for firms of all sizes. Recent research in the field of International Business has shed light on small firms that rapidly become international market players, called “born globals” (BGs). These firms’ behavior contradicting traditional theory, such as the Uppsala Model, which propose that internationalization is an incremental process where firms must gain market knowledge and psychical distance to markets to internationalize. The Uppsala Model describes internationalization as a relatively resource-demanding process. However, the BGs most often have scarce resources, but still manages to enter several markets simultaneously. Previous studies have focused on manufacturing exporting BGs when investigate this relatively new phenomenon. Yet, little light is shed on BG service firms and their internationalization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitating factors of resource-scarce Internet-based service BGs’ internationalization and barriers connected to it. Thus, this study aims to fill the research field of BG Internet-based service firms with more empirical data. The research questions are formulated as followed: RQ1: What important factors enable internationalization for Swedish born global Internet-based service firms? RQ2: Do the perceived barriers to internationalization for SMEs apply to Swedish born global Internet-based service firms, or are there other barriers present in their internationalization? As a theoretical framework, the researchers have combined three main theories, explicitly the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities and Business Models. Further, SMEs’ perceived barriers to internationalization are included in the theoretical framework as a sub-theory, to investigate if those barriers apply to BG Internet-based service firms. The researchers have performed a qualitative exploratory multiple-case study including six Swedish companies. The empirical data acquired is presented in a case-by-case structure relating back to the theoretical framework. The data has further been analyzed in a thematic way based on theories using the cross-case analysis technique. From the study, the researchers have found that the most important factors enabling internationalization for Swedish BG Internet-based service firms are an internationally standardized business model, human capital, and the level of dynamic capabilities. Regarding SME’s perceived barriers to internationalization, no clear pattern was found regarding the sample firms’ perceived barriers to internationalization. Which implies that more research is needed in this area.

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