A key issue in neuroscience is to determine the connection between neuronal circuits and behaviour. In the adult brain, all neuronal circuits include a glutamatergic component. Three proteins designated Vesicular glutamate transporter 1-3 (VGLUT1-3) possess the capability of packaging glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for release of glutamate at the nerve terminal. The present study aimed at determining the role of VGLUT2 in neuronal circuits of higher brain function, emotion, and reward-pocessing. A conditional knockout (cKO) strategy was utilised, and three different mouse lines were produced to delete VGLUT2 in specific neuronal circuits in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. First, we produced a cKO mouse in which Vglut2 was deleted in specific subpopulations of the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus from preadolescence. This resulted in blunted aspects in cognitive, emotional and social behaviour in a schizophrenia-related phenotype. Furthermore, we showed a downstream effect of the targeted deletion on the dopaminergic system. In a subsequent analysis of the same cKO mice, we showed that female cKO mice were more affected their male counterparts, and we also found that female schizophrenia patients, but not male patients, had increased Vglut2 levels in the cortex.  Second, we produced and analysed cKO mice in which Vglut2 was deleted in the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus already from midgestation, and could show that this deletion affected emotional, but not cognitive, function. Third, we addressed the role of VGLUT2 in midbrain dopamine neurons by targeting Vglut2 specifically in these neurons. These cKO mice showed a blunted activational response to the psychostimulant amphetamine and increased operant self-administration of both sugar and cocaine reinforcers. Further, the cKO mice displayed strongly enhanced cocaine-seeking in response to cocaine-associated cues, a behaviour of relevance for addiction in humans. In summary, this thesis work has addressed the role of the presynaptic glutamatergic neuron in different neuronal circuits and shown that the temporal and spatial distribution of VGLUT2 is of great significance for normal brain function.

The current financial crisis has left its mark. It has even hit the major Swedish banks who have shown large losses. The media has not been slow to take note of this, and the constant political debate about the bonus culture has been reinvigorated. Our aim is to find out how the major Swedish banks relate to the publicity and describe how and why senior executives are rewarded, and what strategies banks are using in the design of their reward system to maintain a legitimate behavior, and thus the confidence of its stakeholders. As a starting point to answer our purpose we have used the agency theory that describes our view of how various problems occurs and how incentives can be established in order to get senior executives to act for their owners' interests. Modern theories of reward systems are taken from a variety of authors, these theories give us an insight into how reward systems can be designed in banks. The final piece is to get insight into what legitimacy might look like in our society. In this area there were a couple of different researchers who were influential in our study. We have chosen a qualitative study. In our opinion, a study based on interviews and words is necessary so as to get as close to the truth as possible. In this way we can discover whether or not the banks take into consideration mass Media attention and incorporate a reward system into their strategies. We have interviewed individuals with expertise in the subject, at the bank's HR department. It's mostly where our empirical data is collected, but we have also supplemented this with secondary data. In conclusion, we have, among others, found that major banks are taking account of the mass Media debate. They try to participate in the debate, communicate and be open with their reward systems. Clarity is crucial, especially for systems acceptance, among the bank's customers. Having the confidence of its customers is central to the banking business. Thus, banks' teaching ability is the biggest challenge, to maintain legitimacy in the reward system in relation to their stakeholders. / Rådande finanskris har lämnat spår efter sig. Det har inte minst drabbat de svenska storbankerna som visat stora förluster. Media har inte varit sena att uppmärksamma detta och den ständiga politiska debatten angående bonuskulturen har fått ny kraft. Vårt syfte är att ta reda på hur svenska storbanker förhåller sig till denna publicitet och beskriva hur och varför ledande befattningshavare belönas, samt vilka strategier bankerna använder i utformandet av sina belöningssystem för att upprätthålla ett legitimt beteende, och på så vis förtroende hos sina intressenter. Som utgångspunkt för att kunna besvara vårt syfte har vi använt oss av agentteorin vilken beskriver hur olika problem uppstår och hur incitament kan upprättas för att få ledande befattningshavare att agera för ägarnas intressen. Moderna teorier om belöningssystem har hämtats från en rad olika författare, dessa teorier har vi i syfte för att få inblick i hur dagens belöningssystem kan vara utformade i bankerna. Den sista pusselbiten är att få insikt i vad legitimitet är och hur den kan se ut i vårt samhälle. För detta område är det är det ett par olika forskare som varit tongivande i vår studie. Vi har valt en kvalitativ studie. Enligt oss krävs en studie baserad på ord och intervjuer för att komma nära sanningen och få svar på om banken tar hänsyn till massmedial uppmärksamhet vid utformandet av strategier för belöningssystem. Vi har intervjuat individer med spetskompetens inom området på respektive banks HR-avdelning. Det är mestadels där vår empiri samlats in, men vi har även kompletterat med sekundärdata. I slutsatsen har vi bland annat kommit fram till att storbankerna tar hänsyn till den massmediala debatten. De försöker delta i debatten kommunicera och vara öppna med sina belöningssystem. Tydligheten är avgörande, inte minst för systemens acceptans hos bankens kunder. Att ha förtroende hos sina kunder är centralt i bankaffären. Således är bankernas pedagogiska förmåga den största utmaningen, för att upprätthålla legitimitet i belöningssystemen gentemot deras intressenter.

Bakgrund: Allt fler företag kompletterar sitt produktutbud med tillhörande tjänster. Detta skapar utmaningar gällande ekonomistyrningen då tjänster och kvaliteten av den erbjudna tjänsten är svårare att kvantifiera och därmed mäta. Hur angriper företag detta problem och hur anpassar de sin ekonomistyrning för att hantera detta? Tidigare forskning har belyst problematik i området men mer forskning behövs då relativt lite har skrivits om tjänstefierade företags styrning. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur inkluderandet av tjänsteerbjudanden påverkar hur företag sätter mål, mäter prestationer, belönar samt motiverar deras anställda. Genomförande: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med en ansats som utgår från ett teoretiskt ramverk. För att samla in empiri genomförde vi intervjuer med fem stycken person från fem internationella företag, studien är därför en flerfallsstudie. Slutsats: Vid tjänstefiering är det främst målsättning och prestationsmätning som påverkas direkt. Belöningssystem och motivation påverkas indirekt via målsättning och prestationsmätning, men någon signifikant direkt ändring kunde inte påvisas. Tjänstefierade företag löser problematiken med kvantifiering genom att sätta öppna så kallade lärande- och processmål, istället för strikta prestationsmål. / Background: More and more companies are complementing their product range with related services. This creates challenges in management control, since the services and quality of the offered service are more difficult to quantify and thus measure. How do companies approach this issue and how do they adjust their management control to handle this? Earlier research has highlighted challenges in the area, but more research is required as relatively little has been written about the management of companies that complement their products with services. Aim: The purpose of the study is to find out how the inclusion of service offerings affects how companies set their employee goals, measure employee performance, motivate, and reward employees. Completion: The essay is a qualitative study with an onset from a theoretical framework. To collect empirical data, we conducted interviews with five people from five different international companies. This means that the study is a multi-case study. Conclusion: In the event of added service offering, it is primarily goal setting and performance measurement that are directly affected. Reward systems and motivation are indirectly affected through goal setting and performance measurement, but no significant direct change could be detected. Serviced companies solve the problem of quantification by setting so-called learning and process goals, rather than strict performance goals.

As premiações e honrarias a cientistas fazem parte da dinâmica de funcionamento da atividade científica desde o século XVII. O sistema de recompensas da ciência reforça essa prática baseada na motivação dos cientistas em busca de reconhecimento. No entanto, a lógica desse sistema a partir da estratificação dos cientistas e suas contribuições faz com que haja uma distribuição desigual dos créditos aos pesquisadores, favorecendo os pesquisadores com maior reconhecimento. Os estudos bibliométricos revelam tendências e normas de atuação desse sistema a cientistas ganhadores de grandes prêmios internacionais como Prêmio Nobel e Medalha Fields. Diante desse arcabouço teórico, cabe analisar de que maneira o sistema de recompensas afeta jovens cientistas no início da carreira e quais as consequências destes para a carreira científica e profissional. O estudo tem como objeto os doutores premiados, em âmbito nacional, com o Prêmio Capes de Tese, outorgado pela agência de fomento Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) que desde 2006, premia anualmente as melhores teses de doutorado em 48 áreas de conhecimento, com bolsas de pós-doutorado em instituições de excelência no país e no exterior. A partir dos resultados foi possível verificar que o tema da tese premiada permanece atual, e que mesmo os contemplados que não utilizaram as bolsas de pós-doutorado se beneficiaram dos efeitos do reconhecimento do prêmio na comunidade científica. / The scientific awards and honors are part of the operating dynamics of scientific activity since the seventeenth century. The reward system of science reinforces this based on the motivation of scientists in search of recognition. However, the logic of this system from the stratification of scientists and their contributions means that there is an unequal distribution of credit for researchers, encouraging researchers with greater recognition. Bibliometric studies reveal trends and models of performance winners of major international awards such as the Nobel Prize and Fields Medal. Given this theoretical framework, we analyze how the reward system affects young scientists in their careers and their consequences for the scientific and professional career. The object of this study is the winning doctors, nationwide, with the Capes Thesis Award, awarded by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) that since 2006, offer annually awards to the best doctoral thesis in 48 areas of knowledge, with post-doctorate scholarships in institutions of excellence in the country and abroad. From the results we observed that the subject of the award-winning thesis remains current, and even contemplated that didn’t use the post-doctorate scholarships were benefited from the effects of the recognition of the award in the scientific community.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Crianças de mães fumantes são mais suscetíveis a se tornarem adultos obesos e se viciarem em drogas ou alimentos palatáveis. Drogas e alimentos ativam a via mesolímbica de recompensa, causando sensação de prazer que induz ainda mais o consumo. Assim, avaliamos a relação entre a exposição apenas à nicotina ou à fumaça do cigarro durante a lactação com a preferência alimentar e sistema dopaminérgico de recompensa cerebral das proles, em dois modelos de programação: Modelo I: no 2o dia pós-natal (PN), lactantes receberam implante de minibombas osmóticas que liberam nicotina (NIC) ou salina (C), durante 14 dias. Em PN150 e novamente em PN160, as proles foram divididas em 4 grupos para um desafio alimentar: N-SC e C-SC que receberam ração padrão; N-SSD e C-SSD que podiam escolher livremente entre as dietas hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada após 12 h. As mães foram sacrificadas apenas na 21 da lactação (desmame) e as proles em PN15 (com nicotina), PN21 e PN170 (ausência da NIC). Ao desmame, as ratas lactantes NIC apresentaram menor conteúdo de tirosina hidroxilase (TH), maior OBRb e SOCS3 na area tegmentar ventral (VTA); menor TH, maior receptor de dopamina 1 (D1R), receptor de dopamina 2 (D2R) e transportador de dopamina (DAT) no núcleo accumbens (NAc); maior conteúdo de TH no estriado dorsal (DS); e maior D2R e SOCS3 no núcleo arqueado (ARC). Em PN15, os filhotes NIC apresentaram maior conteúdo de D1R, D2R e menor DAT no NAc, enquanto em PN21, apresentaram apenas menor DAT no DS, e menor conteúdo de pSTAT3 em ARC. Aos 170 dias, as proles SSD demonstraram maior preferência para a ração hiperlipídica. No entanto, os animais N-SSD consumiram mais ração hiperglicidica do que as proles C-SSD. A prole N apresentou menor conteúdo de D2R e DAT no NAc e menor D2R no ARC. Modelo II: as mães e suas proles foram divididas em: expostos à fumaça do cigarro (grupo S: 4 vezes / dia, do 3 ao 21 dia de lactação), e expostos ao ar filtrado (grupo C). Em PN175, as proles foram divididas em 4 grupos para o desafio alimentar S-SC, C-SC, S-SSD e C-SSD. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada após 30 min e 12 h. Em PN180, as proles foram sacrificadas. O grupo S-SSD ingeriu mais das rações palatáveis do que o grupo C-SSD em 30 min e 12 h. Ambos os grupos preferiram a ração hiperlipídica. No entanto, os animais S-SSD consumiram mais ração hiperlipídica do que C-SSD em 30 min. A prole S apresentou menor conteúdo de TH no VTA, menor conteúdo de TH, D2R e maior conteúdo de D1R no NAc e menor OBRb no ARC. Demonstramos que tanto a nicotina isolada como a exposição à fumaça do cigarro durante a lactação resultaram em mudanças no sistema dopaminérgico das proles, programando o comportamento alimentar devido à diminuição da dopamina no NAc. / Children from smoking mothers are more susceptible to become obese adults and to become drug or food addicts. Drugs and food activate the mesolimbic reward pathway, causing a sense of pleasure that induces further consumption.Thus, we studied the relationship between only nicotine or tobacco smoke exposure during lactation with feeding behavior and brain dopaminergic reward system at adulthood, in two programming models: Model I, on the postnatal day (PN) 2, lactating rats were implanted with minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC) or saline (C) for 14 days. On PN150 and again on PN160, offspring were divided into 4 groups for a food challenge: N-SC and C-SC received standard chow; N-SSD and C-SSD could freely select between hyperlipidic and hyperglicidic diets. Mothers were euthanized only in 21 of lactation and offspring were euthanized in PN15 (with nicotine), PN21 and PN170 (withdraw). At weaning (PN21), NIC dams had: lower tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), higher OBRb and SOCS3 contents in ventral tegmental area (VTA); lower TH, higher dopamine receptor 1 (D1R), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) and dopamine transporter (DAT) contents in nucleus accumbens (NAc); higher TH content in dorsal striatum (DS); and higher D2R and SOCS3 contents in arcuate nucleus (ARC). On PN15, NIC pups had higher D1R, D2R and lower DAT contents in NAc, while on PN21 they had lower DAT in DS, and lower pSTAT3 content in ARC. On PN170, SSD animals showed an increased food intake compared with SC ones and a preference for the hyperlipidic chow. However, N-SSD animals consumed relatively more hyperglicidic chow than C-SSD ones. N offspring presented lower D2R and DAT contents in the NAc, and lower D2R in the ARC. Model II, nursing rats and their pups were divided into: tobacco smoke-exposed (S group: 4 times/day, from the 3rd to the 21th day of lactation), and ambient air-exposed (C group). On PN175, offspring were divided into 4 groups for a food challenge: S-SC and C-SC received standard chow; S-SSD and C-SSD could select between hyperlipidic and hyperglicidic diets. Food intake was recorded after 30 min and 12 h. On PN180, offspring were euthanized. SSD animals presented a higher food intake compared with SC ones. S-SSD animals ate more than C-SSD ones at 30 min and 12 h. Both groups preferred the hyperlipidic chow. However, S-SSD animals consumed relatively more hyperlipidic chow than C-SSD at 30 min. S animals presented lower TH content in the ventral tegmental area, lower TH, D2R, higher D1R contents in the NAc and lower OBRb in the ARC. We showed that both nicotine alone as well as cigarette smoke exposure during the lactation resulted in changes in the dopaminergic system of the offspring, programming the eating behavior due to decreased dopamine in the NAc.

The main goal of this master's thesis is to evaluate the current wage-payment and employee motivational system in the chosen company, and suggest necessary steps that result in its improvement. The theoretical part is focused on the Labour Code which is the main legislation of the reward system for entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic. There are also described the reward system, forms of wage employee motivation and labour productivity in the theoretical part. The practical part deals with the chosen company. The first part is focused on characterization of the entity including its organisational structure, the second describes wage payment and the employee motivational system of the company, the third is aimed at evaluation of labour productivity, and the final section analyses results of a questionnaire survey which was the main source for the section. The questionnaire was divided into four parts. The first part was aimed at cash rewards, the second dealt with benefits, the third was focused on the workplace and the last identifies information about education and skills development. The last chapter is composed of suggestions which resulted in improvements to the current system, especially in the field of benefits and the relationship between managers and their subordinates.

Bakgrund och problem: Ett styrmedel företag kan använda för att nå sina mål är belöningssystem. Utformningen av belöningssystemet samt att det tydligt motiverar de anställda är två viktiga aspekter. Tillsammans är belöningssystem samt motivation två välstuderade ämnen inom vissa branscher. För mer monotona arbeten som lagerverksamhet saknas dock detta arbete. Av denna anledning är det av intresse att studera hur lagerpersonal upplever att de motiveras av belöningssystemet.    Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva fallföretagets belöningssystem samt utreda hur de anställda upplever belöningssystemet och huruvida det motiverar dem. Om det empiriska materialet visar på svagheter i belöningssystemet presenteras förslag på förändringar.    Metod: Studien har genomförts i form av en fallstudie på fallföretaget. Flertalet respondenter har intervjuats genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer. För att stärka studiens kvalitet har flertalet teoretiska källor använts.     Slutsats: Fallföretaget har idag uppsatta mål som de anställda arbetar mot samt ett utvecklat belöningssystem. Det som saknas för att belöningssystemet ska vara en motivationsfaktor är kopplingen mellan uppnådda mål och belöningen för detta.Det empiriska resultatet visar att gemenskapen är det som gjort att de anställda stannat kvar på företaget. Gemenskapen och grundlönen är även de största motivationsfaktorerna. / Background: One of the control mechanisms the companies can use to reach their objectives is a reward system. The parts included in the reward system and that it motivates the employees are two important aspects. The two subjects, reward system and motivation, are very well studied for certain branches. For more monotonous works such as warehouse operations, that is not the case. Therefore,it is interesting to study how warehouse employees experience if and in what way they are motivated by the reward system.    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the case company’s reward system but also examine how the employees are experiencing the system and to find out how it motives them. If the empirical data shows that there are weaknesses in the reward system, suggestions for improvements will be given.    Method: The paper has been conducted in a case study form. More than one respondent has been interviewed, by semi-structured interviews. To increase the quality of the study different theoretical sources have been used.    Conclusions: The employees at the case company are working towards achieving objectives conducted by the company and the company has a well-developed reward system. However, what is missing is the connection between the objectives and the reward to make the reward system a factor of motivation. The empirical data shows that the feeling kinship among the employees is the reason why they have stayed at the company. The kinship and the salary is also the most important factors of motivation.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Crianças de mães fumantes são mais suscetíveis a se tornarem adultos obesos e se viciarem em drogas ou alimentos palatáveis. Drogas e alimentos ativam a via mesolímbica de recompensa, causando sensação de prazer que induz ainda mais o consumo. Assim, avaliamos a relação entre a exposição apenas à nicotina ou à fumaça do cigarro durante a lactação com a preferência alimentar e sistema dopaminérgico de recompensa cerebral das proles, em dois modelos de programação: Modelo I: no 2o dia pós-natal (PN), lactantes receberam implante de minibombas osmóticas que liberam nicotina (NIC) ou salina (C), durante 14 dias. Em PN150 e novamente em PN160, as proles foram divididas em 4 grupos para um desafio alimentar: N-SC e C-SC que receberam ração padrão; N-SSD e C-SSD que podiam escolher livremente entre as dietas hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada após 12 h. As mães foram sacrificadas apenas na 21 da lactação (desmame) e as proles em PN15 (com nicotina), PN21 e PN170 (ausência da NIC). Ao desmame, as ratas lactantes NIC apresentaram menor conteúdo de tirosina hidroxilase (TH), maior OBRb e SOCS3 na area tegmentar ventral (VTA); menor TH, maior receptor de dopamina 1 (D1R), receptor de dopamina 2 (D2R) e transportador de dopamina (DAT) no núcleo accumbens (NAc); maior conteúdo de TH no estriado dorsal (DS); e maior D2R e SOCS3 no núcleo arqueado (ARC). Em PN15, os filhotes NIC apresentaram maior conteúdo de D1R, D2R e menor DAT no NAc, enquanto em PN21, apresentaram apenas menor DAT no DS, e menor conteúdo de pSTAT3 em ARC. Aos 170 dias, as proles SSD demonstraram maior preferência para a ração hiperlipídica. No entanto, os animais N-SSD consumiram mais ração hiperglicidica do que as proles C-SSD. A prole N apresentou menor conteúdo de D2R e DAT no NAc e menor D2R no ARC. Modelo II: as mães e suas proles foram divididas em: expostos à fumaça do cigarro (grupo S: 4 vezes / dia, do 3 ao 21 dia de lactação), e expostos ao ar filtrado (grupo C). Em PN175, as proles foram divididas em 4 grupos para o desafio alimentar S-SC, C-SC, S-SSD e C-SSD. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada após 30 min e 12 h. Em PN180, as proles foram sacrificadas. O grupo S-SSD ingeriu mais das rações palatáveis do que o grupo C-SSD em 30 min e 12 h. Ambos os grupos preferiram a ração hiperlipídica. No entanto, os animais S-SSD consumiram mais ração hiperlipídica do que C-SSD em 30 min. A prole S apresentou menor conteúdo de TH no VTA, menor conteúdo de TH, D2R e maior conteúdo de D1R no NAc e menor OBRb no ARC. Demonstramos que tanto a nicotina isolada como a exposição à fumaça do cigarro durante a lactação resultaram em mudanças no sistema dopaminérgico das proles, programando o comportamento alimentar devido à diminuição da dopamina no NAc. / Children from smoking mothers are more susceptible to become obese adults and to become drug or food addicts. Drugs and food activate the mesolimbic reward pathway, causing a sense of pleasure that induces further consumption.Thus, we studied the relationship between only nicotine or tobacco smoke exposure during lactation with feeding behavior and brain dopaminergic reward system at adulthood, in two programming models: Model I, on the postnatal day (PN) 2, lactating rats were implanted with minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC) or saline (C) for 14 days. On PN150 and again on PN160, offspring were divided into 4 groups for a food challenge: N-SC and C-SC received standard chow; N-SSD and C-SSD could freely select between hyperlipidic and hyperglicidic diets. Mothers were euthanized only in 21 of lactation and offspring were euthanized in PN15 (with nicotine), PN21 and PN170 (withdraw). At weaning (PN21), NIC dams had: lower tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), higher OBRb and SOCS3 contents in ventral tegmental area (VTA); lower TH, higher dopamine receptor 1 (D1R), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) and dopamine transporter (DAT) contents in nucleus accumbens (NAc); higher TH content in dorsal striatum (DS); and higher D2R and SOCS3 contents in arcuate nucleus (ARC). On PN15, NIC pups had higher D1R, D2R and lower DAT contents in NAc, while on PN21 they had lower DAT in DS, and lower pSTAT3 content in ARC. On PN170, SSD animals showed an increased food intake compared with SC ones and a preference for the hyperlipidic chow. However, N-SSD animals consumed relatively more hyperglicidic chow than C-SSD ones. N offspring presented lower D2R and DAT contents in the NAc, and lower D2R in the ARC. Model II, nursing rats and their pups were divided into: tobacco smoke-exposed (S group: 4 times/day, from the 3rd to the 21th day of lactation), and ambient air-exposed (C group). On PN175, offspring were divided into 4 groups for a food challenge: S-SC and C-SC received standard chow; S-SSD and C-SSD could select between hyperlipidic and hyperglicidic diets. Food intake was recorded after 30 min and 12 h. On PN180, offspring were euthanized. SSD animals presented a higher food intake compared with SC ones. S-SSD animals ate more than C-SSD ones at 30 min and 12 h. Both groups preferred the hyperlipidic chow. However, S-SSD animals consumed relatively more hyperlipidic chow than C-SSD at 30 min. S animals presented lower TH content in the ventral tegmental area, lower TH, D2R, higher D1R contents in the NAc and lower OBRb in the ARC. We showed that both nicotine alone as well as cigarette smoke exposure during the lactation resulted in changes in the dopaminergic system of the offspring, programming the eating behavior due to decreased dopamine in the NAc.

As premiações e honrarias a cientistas fazem parte da dinâmica de funcionamento da atividade científica desde o século XVII. O sistema de recompensas da ciência reforça essa prática baseada na motivação dos cientistas em busca de reconhecimento. No entanto, a lógica desse sistema a partir da estratificação dos cientistas e suas contribuições faz com que haja uma distribuição desigual dos créditos aos pesquisadores, favorecendo os pesquisadores com maior reconhecimento. Os estudos bibliométricos revelam tendências e normas de atuação desse sistema a cientistas ganhadores de grandes prêmios internacionais como Prêmio Nobel e Medalha Fields. Diante desse arcabouço teórico, cabe analisar de que maneira o sistema de recompensas afeta jovens cientistas no início da carreira e quais as consequências destes para a carreira científica e profissional. O estudo tem como objeto os doutores premiados, em âmbito nacional, com o Prêmio Capes de Tese, outorgado pela agência de fomento Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) que desde 2006, premia anualmente as melhores teses de doutorado em 48 áreas de conhecimento, com bolsas de pós-doutorado em instituições de excelência no país e no exterior. A partir dos resultados foi possível verificar que o tema da tese premiada permanece atual, e que mesmo os contemplados que não utilizaram as bolsas de pós-doutorado se beneficiaram dos efeitos do reconhecimento do prêmio na comunidade científica. / The scientific awards and honors are part of the operating dynamics of scientific activity since the seventeenth century. The reward system of science reinforces this based on the motivation of scientists in search of recognition. However, the logic of this system from the stratification of scientists and their contributions means that there is an unequal distribution of credit for researchers, encouraging researchers with greater recognition. Bibliometric studies reveal trends and models of performance winners of major international awards such as the Nobel Prize and Fields Medal. Given this theoretical framework, we analyze how the reward system affects young scientists in their careers and their consequences for the scientific and professional career. The object of this study is the winning doctors, nationwide, with the Capes Thesis Award, awarded by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) that since 2006, offer annually awards to the best doctoral thesis in 48 areas of knowledge, with post-doctorate scholarships in institutions of excellence in the country and abroad. From the results we observed that the subject of the award-winning thesis remains current, and even contemplated that didn’t use the post-doctorate scholarships were benefited from the effects of the recognition of the award in the scientific community.

As premiações e honrarias a cientistas fazem parte da dinâmica de funcionamento da atividade científica desde o século XVII. O sistema de recompensas da ciência reforça essa prática baseada na motivação dos cientistas em busca de reconhecimento. No entanto, a lógica desse sistema a partir da estratificação dos cientistas e suas contribuições faz com que haja uma distribuição desigual dos créditos aos pesquisadores, favorecendo os pesquisadores com maior reconhecimento. Os estudos bibliométricos revelam tendências e normas de atuação desse sistema a cientistas ganhadores de grandes prêmios internacionais como Prêmio Nobel e Medalha Fields. Diante desse arcabouço teórico, cabe analisar de que maneira o sistema de recompensas afeta jovens cientistas no início da carreira e quais as consequências destes para a carreira científica e profissional. O estudo tem como objeto os doutores premiados, em âmbito nacional, com o Prêmio Capes de Tese, outorgado pela agência de fomento Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) que desde 2006, premia anualmente as melhores teses de doutorado em 48 áreas de conhecimento, com bolsas de pós-doutorado em instituições de excelência no país e no exterior. A partir dos resultados foi possível verificar que o tema da tese premiada permanece atual, e que mesmo os contemplados que não utilizaram as bolsas de pós-doutorado se beneficiaram dos efeitos do reconhecimento do prêmio na comunidade científica. / The scientific awards and honors are part of the operating dynamics of scientific activity since the seventeenth century. The reward system of science reinforces this based on the motivation of scientists in search of recognition. However, the logic of this system from the stratification of scientists and their contributions means that there is an unequal distribution of credit for researchers, encouraging researchers with greater recognition. Bibliometric studies reveal trends and models of performance winners of major international awards such as the Nobel Prize and Fields Medal. Given this theoretical framework, we analyze how the reward system affects young scientists in their careers and their consequences for the scientific and professional career. The object of this study is the winning doctors, nationwide, with the Capes Thesis Award, awarded by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) that since 2006, offer annually awards to the best doctoral thesis in 48 areas of knowledge, with post-doctorate scholarships in institutions of excellence in the country and abroad. From the results we observed that the subject of the award-winning thesis remains current, and even contemplated that didn’t use the post-doctorate scholarships were benefited from the effects of the recognition of the award in the scientific community.