This dissertation examines the problems facing adolescent girls in the pursuit of their right to education and this especially in South Africa. It presents the right to education as a human right belonging to everyone; not a privilege reserved for a category of person. The right to education is a fundamental human right and an empowerment right because it contributes to the achievement of other rights. The dissertation describes the provisions of relevant international and regional human rights instruments and assesses whether South African laws, policies and practices on the ground adhere to the requirements’ of international and regional law. It assert that, though there has been provision for universal and compulsory primary schooling and higher participation rate for girls, big challenges particularly for adolescent girls are still prevalent, particularly after primary school even though the cracks may appear very subtle and almost none issue. This dissertation shows that to solve these problems and make the right to education realizable for every child, the South African government should consider the cultural and religious environment of the adolescent girl and also renew its commitments and strategies designed to improve their retention rate and advancement at school. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / restricted

The right of superficies and its comparison to Austrian law Abstract This thesis describes the right of superficies that was adopted into the Czech legal system by the Act Nr. 89/2012 Sb., Civil Code and compares it with the Austrian right of superficies adopted by Act Nr. 86/1912. The objective of the thesis is to describe the key attributes of the right of superficies according to Czech law and to compare it with the corresponding provisions of the Austrian law. The thesis also deals with provisions of the Czech right of superficies that may be unclear or problematic to interpret and offers the possible way in which these provisions could be interpreted by drawing upon the example of the Austrian right of superficies. The thesis also contains the evaluation of the Czech right of superficies and some ideas for improvement of some its provisions. The right of superficies is described according to Czech and Austrian law in each chapter separately to aid the comprehensibility of the thesis and each chapter also contains the comparison of the concrete attributes of the Czech and Austrian right of superficies, respectively. Analytic, synthetic and comparative methodologies are used in this thesis. The introduction contains a brief historic development of the right of superficies and of the principle superficies...

Three models are developed to analyze the state level conditions fostering the rise of far right parties in the European Union in the last two decades. The political background of these parties is examined. This study offers a definition for far right parties, which combines several previous attempts. The research has focused on the effects of the number of the parties, immigration, and unemployment on support for the far right in Europe. Empirical tests, using a random effects model of fifty elections in eight nations, suggest that there are political, social, and economic conditions that are conducive to electoral success. Specifically, increases in the number of "effective" parties favor the far right, while electoral thresholds serve to dampen support. Immigration proves to be a significant variable. Surprisingly, changes in crime and unemployment rates have a negative effect on support for the far right. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Lamonica Bovino.pdf: 1134865 bytes, checksum: 8598d6fb6e560c08655717e7b28cb283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-08 / The objective of this work comprehends the study of abuse of the right of demanding focusing on the author s procedural behavior even before the demand is initiated. Based on the concepts of the material right about the theory of abuse of the right, associated to the assumption that the lawsuit should start under the ethics, good faith, loyalty and truth principles, we will show specifically the abuse of action of legal process and its consequences to solve the dispute, that including possible effects of antitrust act which is mentioned on the theory of sham litigation. We will also try highlight the abuse of the right on demanding as a consequence of extinguishment due to lack of procedural interest, without prejudice of penalties provided for in the CPC and of the right of compensation that injured party may demand / O objetivo deste trabalho envolve o estudo do abuso de direito de demandar com enfoque para o comportamento processual do autor antes mesmo de iniciada a demanda. Importando os conceitos do direito material acerca da teoria do abuso de direito, aliado à premissa de que o processo deve se iniciar sob os ditames da ética, boa-fé, lealdade e verdade, trabalharemos especificamente o abuso do direito processual de ação e suas consequências práticas para solução da demanda, inclusive dos possíveis efeitos anticoncorrenciais de que trata a teoria da "sham litigation". Buscaremos enquadrar o abuso do direito de demandar como causa de extinção por ausência de interesse processual, sem prejuízo das sanções previstas no CPC e do direito de indenização que o prejudicado (lesado) possa demandar em sede própria

The conflict inherent in balancing freedom of the press and the right to privacy invariably presents some controversial legal issues. In addressing the legal dilemmas posed by these competing interests, an in-depth analysis of the conceptual value of these two equally important rights becomes a preliminary starting point. Through its exploration of the history and development of the press and privacy laws in both the United States and Canada, this thesis examines the fundamental values enshrined in these two rights. The author holds that the freedom of the press contains no privilege under the law, but that it serves as the means to promote the public's right to know in a democratic society, while the right to privacy offers an individual the autonomy to regulate his private affairs. By analyzing arguments of "pubic interest," "public figure," and "public privacy," the author compares the theoretical approaches to and practical attempts at striking a balance between the interests of the press and the privacy of the individual in the United States and Canada. Finally, the essay proposes how these experiences may contribute to the construction of relevant Chinese laws.

No description available.

In recent decades, political parties espousing extreme nationalist, xenophobic, and even outright racist platforms have enjoyed variable success in national elections across Europe. While a vibrant research literature has sought to better understand the sources of support for such parties, remarkably little attention has been paid to the interplay between parties and the broader social networks of extremism in which they are embedded. To remedy this deficiency, the present study examines the relations between far-right parliamentary parties and their extra-parliamentary networks. One level of analysis tests whether there is a relationship between a party’s position within a network and its sustainability. Social network analysis is employed to assess the nature and structure of ties between Belgian organizations online. In addition, systematic textual analysis of website content is used to determine how a party’s ideological position within the network impacts its sustainability. The second level of analysis is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with members of Flemish nationalist organization in order to better understand how actors experience social networks. Evidence suggests that the most sustainable parties are those that have dense connections with other nationalist organizations. Mapping relations between far-right parties that compete openly within the rules of institutionalized democracy and their wider social networks can provide important policy-relevant insight into contemporary challenges posed by illiberal forces.

No description available.

No description available.

This project is a critique of the connection between lethal violence and justice within Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Our critique focuses on three specific moments—moments that Derrida touches upon in Glas, but does not address in detail—namely, heroic vengeance, execution and warfare. By subjecting each of these moments to a close reading we will be calling into question the very possibility of an act of violence that can lay claim to being absolutely ‘necessary’ or ‘just’ either within its specific historical moment or from beyond it. The theoretical basis of the project closely parallels Jacques Derrida’s work on Hegel, in that it stems from a deconstruction of the connection between epistemology and ontology. This also has serious implications for the question of ethics. By tracing the play of différance through the semeiological structure of both theoretical and practical cognition Derrida’s work makes it possible to address the ethical implications of speculative dialectics from a non-dialectical angle. Figuratively speaking, the relationship between theoretical and practical cognition can be thought of as the relationship between reading and writing. As such, the title of the project is to be taken as a figurative reference to the connection between theoretical (i.e. reading) and practical (i.e. writing) cognition and by extension to the connection between epistemology, ontology and ethics. Addressed in this manner our project begins by tracing the silence (i.e. the ‘a’ of différance) that is, at one and the same time, a condition of the possibility and impossibility of meaning. This silence has serious ramifications for Hegel’s political philosophy. Hegel’s system sets out to ground the law within the ‘positive’ infinity of the Concept [Begriff] and thus, close the circle of philosophy. This project will attempt to expose the ethical stakes—and the ultimate impossibility—of Hegel’s ‘positive’ infinity by taking up the thread of lethal violence in the Philosophy of Right.