I chose for my diploma thesis the theme which is called "Creation and cessation of the land ownership right - legal forms". The aim of the work is to give complex and complete description of basic legal forms of acquiring ownership right to land. The presented work is divided into ten chapters. The first part (second chapter) of the diploma thesis determines the concepts of "ownership", "real estate", "land", "plot" etc. According to Czech law concept of "real estate" means mainly under grounds and buildings firmly linked to ground. Property right as one of the basic human rights protected by Human rights act which for example says that the property right could be restricted or taken away only according the law, inter the legal bounds and for compensation. The current legal order of the Czech Republic regulates the ownership in three types of legal regulations: the Civil Code or the Commercial Code represent the general regulation, the Czech Republic Property Act represents the special regulation and moreover, there are numerous laws mentioning the land property. Third chapter consists of the historical overview on the development of the land's ownership in the Czech Lands in period 1918 - 1989. First I described both Land Reforms governing the considerable transfers of the state property after...

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / It is estimated that the animal health biologics sector will increase by over 27% between 2015 and 2020. This projection and the increasing competition among the sector’s players suggests need to find ways to enhance their efficiencies in manufacturing to sustain their relative competitiveness. One approach to enhancing efficiencies is to ensure that all work is done once, i.e., everything is done right the first time. This research focused on human error as a major source of inefficiency in manufacturing and hypothesized that addressing issues that reduce human error would contribute to reducing inefficiencies. The research used the Kaizen process to assess the before and after counts of human error in a biologics manufacturing unit of Z Animal Health Company (ZAHC). The study found that human error accounted for about 51% of all sources of error in the pre-Kaizen period and only about 34% of all errors in the post-Kaizen period, a reduction in excess of 33.3%. Given that humans are directly or indirectly responsible for all activities in the manufacturing process, the Kaizen process also contributed to a reduction in most other error sources. For example, errors in raw materials and components went reduced by about 50%. We tested the hypothesis that undertaking the Kaizen was statistically effective in reducing human error compared to all other errors using a logit model. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the odds ratio of human error in the post-Kaizen period was about 50% of the odds of non-human error. The research suggests that in a highly technical manufacturing environment, such as in animal health biologics, human errors can be a major problem that can erode competitiveness quickly. Focusing employees’ on root causes of errors and helping them address these through structured quality-enhancing initiatives such as Kaizen produce superior results. It is, therefore, suggested that when organizations discover human error as a major source of inefficiency, it is prudent to help employees understand what they do and how what they do contributes to the overall performance of the organization. This appreciation of how their actions fit into the big picture could provide a foundation upon which significant improvements can be achieved.

Magister Legum - LLM / In South Africa, as in most jurisdictions, the presumption of innocence is a guaranteed constitutional right. The rationale of the presumption lies in the protection which it offers, since a person charged with a criminal offence stands to lose dearly in personal liberty, in social life and psychological well-being. The presumption is, therefore, a pivotal element of a culture of democracy and human rights. This study is prompted by the realisation that the presumption of innocence, which ought to constitute one of the most fundamental rights in any criminal justice system, is being eroded steadily in South Africa. In this regard, a significant area of concern is the current bail laws which, in my estimation, make a big dent into the right to be presumed innocent. The bail laws are part of government’s policies directed at fighting crime. However, the pre-occupation with crime control measures threatens to reverse the hard-won rights of the accused and threatens to undermine individual liberty. Also, these measures are incompatible with the constitutional commitment to a culture of human rights.

Magister Legum - LLM / The purpose of this mini-thesis is to assess the present position regarding prisoner disenfranchisement in South Africa from a human rights perspective, and to recommend reforms of South African electoral legislation as far as prisoners‘ voting rights are concerned.

Magister Legum - LLM / This paper seeks to answer the following question: how can municipalities manage and regulate markets in a manner that facilitates access to food and contributes to the enhancement of food security? In attempting to answer this question, the paper will also address the following questions: what does the term 'food security' mean? What does 'access to food' mean? What does the 'right to food' mean? What are the powers and functions of local government? What are the limits, problems or risks attached to the exercise of these powers? What constitutes 'markets' or 'fresh produce markets' in this case? What is the scope of local government's legislative and executive competence regarding food 'markets', as enumerated in Part B of Schedule 5 of the Constitution? And, how can municipalities utilise food markets as a means to facilitate access to food and address the issue of food security? This paper will focus primarily on fresh produce markets, as opposed to other markets or 'markets' in their entirety. This limitation is based on the argument that fresh produce markets are more relevant for the role of local government in facilitating access to food because they provide a platform for the sale and purchase of fresh produce, which is important for nutritional purposes. The argument presented in this thesis centres around the facilitation of access to food, by local government, through the regulation and management of markets. The paper will address the problem by examining the concepts of 'food security' and 'access to food' in the South African context, as well as in the international context. In examining the above concepts, the paper will also include the right to food. The paper will further look at how South Africa has responded to the issue of food security through its national food security policies. The paper will look at how local food markets are utilised internationally to facilitate access to food and thereafter, examine how food markets should be utilised to facilitate access to food in South Africa. Thereafter, an examination of the powers and functions of local government as entrenched in the Constitution will be provided, as well as the implications of such powers, the limitations and the problems attached to the exercise of local government powers. Lastly, the paper looks at local government's competence regarding food 'markets' in Schedule 5B of the Constitution, as well as the other competencies related to food/food security. Although local government has the scope to address the issue of food security by exercising its legislative and executive authority over the competence ‘markets’ as per Schedule 5B of the Constitution, this study does not focus solely on the management and regulation of 'markets'. The study extends and includes related competencies such as trade regulations, the licensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the public, municipal abattoirs, street trading and municipal health service, and shows how the links between these competencies provide local government with the opportunity to contribute to the enhancement of food security.

This thesis proposes to empirically evaluate fundamental welfare outcomes associated with common property rights forestry. The inferences made were based on data collected from selected villages in rural Ethiopia, where common property forestry programs are being run or are planned. The thesis comprises of three separate analysis chapters. The first of these analysis chapters engaged with the estimation of compensating variation, for community forestry intervention, using double-bounded contingent valuation methods while controlling for biases arising from anomalous preference revelation. The second analysis chapter aimed to identify salient community forestry program attributes that are preferred by potential program participants, estimate welfare effects and test preference heterogeneity for each of the selected attributes. The third analysis chapter aimed to estimate average treatment effects associated with the implementation of natural forest management decentralization, paying particular attention to identification issues. The results from the first analysis chapter indicate that community forestry programs offer sizeable welfare benefits. Furthermore, double-bounded CVM studies in developing country contexts also suffer from preference revelation anomalies, and, therefore, researchers should control for these anomalies. From the second analysis chapter, the welfare gain offered by community forestry was found to hinge largely on the proposed attributes of the program, such as the type of forest, area enclosure and type of land upon which the forest was to be situated. Moreover, the results pointed to significant differences in attribute preferences across the study population. In the third analysis chapter, after controlling for selection bias and treatment-effect heterogeneity associated with program participation, forest management decentralization programs were found to increase the average welfare of participant households between 19.96% and 33.63%. The results support the claim that common property right forestry management can be used to revive rural development and provide incentives for environmental protection, the latter of which has been uncovered in related research. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Economics / unrestricted

The general architecture of the skin of the southern right whale, Eubalaena australis, is comparable to that described for other cetacean species. As found in bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, of the same family, southern right whales possess an acanthotic epidermis and a notably thick hypodermis. Epidermal rods and extensive papillomatosis support these unique characteristics. A "fat-free" reticular dermis makes the integument of southern right whales more like that of odontocetes than that described for balaenopterids. Skin samples taken in South African and Antarctic waters showed evidence of superficial moultin'g throughout the austral winter and in mid-summer. Unidentified "microfIora" and fungal microbes were detected on the skin of whales sampled in both South African and Antarctic waters. The predominance of "microfIoral" aggregations on cows and calves in OctoberlNovember suggests that these micro-organisms are acquired in coastal waters. A Candida-like invasive fungal infestation of the skin of a stranded neonate was recorded for the first time in this species and may be related to the demise of this animal. The film-forming diatom, Bennettella [Cocconeis] ceticola, was not detected on any skin samples. This may imply that southern right whales exhibit high cellular proliferation rates, which prevent diatomaceous films from forming. Neonatal southern right whales undergo a spectacular form of ecdysis approximately 6-7 days after birth. Histologically, "rough-skinned" neonates possess a distinct "fault line" above the distal tips of the dermal papillae, that becomes characterised by intercellular oedema, which causes all the cell layers above the plane to separate from those below it. The fatty acid composition of the dermal and hypodermal layers provides indications of prey species consumed as well as reflecting physiological processes within the digestive system of the southern right whale. Total lipid values in the blubber of late season cows and calves are reported for the first time. A new hand¬held biopsy system for collecting deep-core integument samples from free-swimming balaenids is described. It is a practical and cheaper alternative to projectile systems and the head design allows for the collection of samples that can be used for multidisciplinary research on right whales (e.g. histology, toxicology and blubber composition studies). / Thesis (PhD (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

The use of the Internet as vehicle of socialization has exploded in the 21st century and while this presents exciting possibilities, it also comes with troubling ones. Among those who have embraced this new medium are extremist groups, who use the Web as a space in which to communicate, exchange ideas, network and reach new followers. In regards to this last point, it provides them near unlimited opportunities to gain access to potential recruits and converts, raising interesting questions in terms of the dynamics of the radicalization process and how it manifests itself within the confines of this new arena. Through an analysis of postings made to the discussion board of Stormfront.org, this research paper examines whether or not the radicalization process follows the same transformative pattern in the virtual world as has been described in some of the leading academic theories that address this phenomenon in the physical one.

The aim of the essay was to analyse the speeches of the party leader in Almedalen 2012 and 2016 to see how much right-wing populism that could be identified. The Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, the Sweden Democrats and the Christian Democrats were the parties which were investigated. The question of the essay was: Are there more or less tendencies of right-wing populism in the speeches of the Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, the Sweden Democrats and the Christian Democrats when the speech of 2012 are compared to the speech of 2016? The analysis was based on four different aspects which characterize right-wing populism. These were anti-establishment, people´s representative, threat & dissociation and nationalism. The Sweden Democrats had tendencies of all the aspects in both speeches, although the tendencies were stronger for the anti-establishment in the speech of 2016. The other parties generally lacked indications of right-wing populism regarding most of the aspects in the speeches of 2012. While it in the speeches of 2016 were more tendencies of right-wing populism, although many aspects still were absent in the speeches of 2016. However, there were more tendencies of nationalism 2016.

Human congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of non-infectious neonatal death affecting 1-2% of live births (Hoffman and Kaplan, 2002). Treatment of CHD requires major surgery and quality of life is often significantly reduced despite treatment. With the discovery of single gene mutations that cause CHD in model animals (Lyons et al., 1995), the role of genetics in CHD has become appreciated. The genetic basis of CHD is poorly understood, with different members of the same family presenting with different types of CHD (Schott et al., 1998), suggesting the causes of CHD are multifactorial. Cardiogenesis is intimately associated with the establishment of the left-right (L-R) body axis, with the two processes sharing several important transcription factors. Heart looping, in which the heart turns dextrally, is the earliest physical manifestation of L-R asymmetry. L-R patterning disorders are associated with an increased risk of CHD; heterotaxy (in which L-R asymmetry is neither normal nor mirror image) accounts for about 3% of all CHD (Zhu et al., 2006).Investigating cardiogenesis and the causes of CHD necessitates the use of animal models, typically mice, chicks, zebrafish and Xenopus. Recently a strain of mouse with a mutation in a gene essential for cardiac development was isolated from an ENU mutagenesis screen (Kile et al., 2003) using mice carrying a balancer chromosome. It has been subsequently found that the most likely candidate gene codes for the protein Prpf8, an integral component of the spliceosome. The mutation is homozygous lethal, with homozygous mice having a grossly deformed heart, developmental delay and a high incidence of heart looping reversal, indicative of a L-R patterning disorder. In depth characterisation of homozygous mutant embryos revealed defects in the morphology of the embryonic node, nodal cilia and the expression pattern of L-R axis genes. We also investigated the expression of Prpf8 during embryogenesis, and the effect that the point mutation we found in our homozygous embryos has on splicing kinetics.