Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T17:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao LIVIA CAROLINE ABREU SILVA.pdf: 6069437 bytes, checksum: dab271eb31ffc5a82dc87903dfe9c39d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study has been developed aiming to evaluate the quality of drinking water in Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA as an instrument for guaranteeing the right to health. This is a cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative approaches, developed in Santo Amaro do Maranhão/ MA, from February 2010 to March 2011. Discusses environmental problems and sanitation correlated to water resources and diseases linked to water. It analyses literature on the historical evolution of environmental legislation for protection of water quality in Brazil and about the legislative competence and water resources material. It was used a questionnaire with open and closed questions, field observations with photographic registers and personal impressions of the interviewer, samples of drinking water, laboratory analysis bacteriological and physical-chemical, and information obtained from public agencies of the city. It was found that the water supply to population is done through individual and group alternative solutions: semi-artesian wells and shallow wells with manual pumps (71%); and 58% of the families use water without any type of treatment, the city has no sewage system (56%) use septic tank system or rustic latrines, 40% of the population under this study incinerate and/or bury trash. Water samples analyzed presented contamination rate of 74% for total coliforms and 21% for Escherichia coli. Sanitation services in the city are very precarious. The lack of knowledge of the population to care for the wells, tank cleaning and treating water for consumption in the domiciliar areas makes it easier to contamination of groundwater and streams, so increasing the risk of getting waterborne diseases. The population of the city has no a secure supply of drinking water. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da água de consumo humano no município de Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA como instrumento de garantia do direito a saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, realizada no município de Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a março de 2011. Aborda problemas sanitários e ambientais relacionados aos recursos hídricos e doenças relacionadas à água. Discorre sobre a evolução histórica da legislação ambiental de proteção da qualidade das águas no Brasil e sobre a competência legislativa e material dos recursos hídricos. Foi utilizado questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, observações de campo com registros fotográficos e impressões pessoais do entrevistador, coleta de amostras de água de consumo, análises laboratoriais bacteriológicas e físico-químicas, e informações obtidas junto a órgãos públicos do Município. Constatou-se que o abastecimento de água para população é realizado por meio de soluções alternativas individuais e coletivas: poços semi-artesianos e poços rasos com bombas manuais (71%); e 58% das famílias consomem água sem nenhum tipo de tratamento. O município não possui esgotamento sanitário, 56% utilizam sistema de fossas rústicas ou sentinas, 40% da população do estudo incineram e/ou enterram o lixo. As amostras de água analisadas apresentaram um índice de contaminação de 74% por coliformes totais e 21% Escherichia coli. Os serviços de saneamento no município são muito precários. A falta de conhecimento da população para os cuidados com os poços, limpeza de reservatórios e tratamento da água para consumo no ambiente domiciliar facilitam a contaminação dos lençois freáticos e cursos d água, aumentando assim, o risco de contrair doenças de veiculação hídrica. A população do município não dispõe de um abastecimento seguro de água potável.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-10-04T16:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Berta Schumann_.pdf: 1487497 bytes, checksum: 1d3927df54f9d67cd1186e61705c402d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berta Schumann_.pdf: 1487497 bytes, checksum: 1d3927df54f9d67cd1186e61705c402d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-04 / Nenhuma / As últimas décadas foram marcadas por grandes mudanças em todos os setores da sociedade, trazendo questionamentos para os quais nem o Direito nem a própria sociedade têm respostas. O direito à saúde, assegurado no artigo 6° da Constituição Federal de 1988, foi regulamentado com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde, o qual determinou o acesso universal, integral e igualitário a ele e, nunca a sociedade teve tantas possibilidades de acesso a tantos direitos. Entretanto, viver na era dos direitos não significa ter acesso a eles, pois, quando nos referimos às identidades transexuais, o direito à saúde encontra limites, uma vez que, para os transexuais o direito à saúde plena depende de condições e de critérios impostos por recomendações internacionais, seguidas no Brasil. Segundo elas, somente aquele que for diagnosticado doente terá acesso ao procedimento transexualizador. Esta imposição fere o exercício da autonomia, uma vez que os transexuais ficam limitados pelas normas de gênero diante da patologização da experiência. Na condição de doentes, ao mesmo tempo em que são acolhidos (programa transexualizador), são excluídos por recomendações regidas por explicações aceitas como oficiais, porém, defasadas, vez que não há qualquer exame ou sintoma que leve a concluir que o transexual é transtornado. Isso se alia ao fato de que houve várias alterações nas recomendações que incluem a transexualidade nos catálogos de transtornos mentais ao longo dos anos, demonstrando que são referências não estáticas, logo, passíveis de mudanças, principalmente no sentido de efetivar o direito à saúde. Esta discrepância entre o direito estabelecido pelas recomendações internacionais e o direito como forma de vida social que tem a sua realidade na vontade da sociedade, na realidade jurídica da vida, é o principal enfrentamento da despatologização pelos transexuais. A vulnerabilidade trazida com a patologização demonstra que o Brasil é o país onde mais se cometem assassinatos de transexuais no mundo. Assim, a concepção do transexual como sujeito fora do padrão da normalidade não binária de gênero e rotulado como pessoa doente lhe traz um enorme sofrimento, inclusive com a terminalidade voluntária e precoce da vida. Assim, a presente dissertação pretende induzir uma reflexão sobre o direito à saúde dos transexuais, demonstrando que existe a possiblidade de modificação das condições impostas pelas recomendações internacionais em nosso país, o qual possui autonomia para a manutenção do processo transexualizador no SUS sem a necessidade de diagnóstico patologizante. Estas mudanças nas estruturas e nos programas governamentais no Brasil são possíveis e necessárias, permitindo o acesso ao direito à saúde a todos, independentemente de condições e, principalmente, de identidade de gênero. Dessa forma, o objetivo é trazer à reflexão a eliminação da palavra transtorno e, por consequência, a eliminação do diagnóstico patologizante, haja vista que os transexuais estão engajados na busca pela sua autonomia e identidade, uma vez que não são doentes ou anormais. / The last decades have been marked by major changes in all sectors of society, which ends up raising outstanding questions that neither the law either the society itself have answers. The right to health, guaranteed in the Article 6 of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and regulated by the creation of the Unified Health System, determines the universal, full and equal access to this right, and never before society had so many possibilities and access to so many rights as it has nowadays. However, live the era of rights does not mean actually having access to all of them: when we refer to transgender identities, the right to health is relativized, since for those people the right to full health depends on the criteria and conditions imposed by international standards followed in Brazil, for which only one who is diagnosed ill can have access to transsexual procedures. This hurts the exercise of their autonomy, since transsexuals are limited by gender norms on the pathologizing of experience. The condition of sick person at the same time as they are received (transsexual program) are excluded by rules governed by explanations accepted as official, however, lagged, since there is no examination or symptom that leads to the conclusion that the transsexual is upset, coupled with the fact the various changes that the recommendations that include transsexuality in mental disorders catalogs have suffered over the years, showing that they are not static references, therefore, subject to changes mainly in order to give effect to the right to health. This discrepancy between the rights established as international recommendations and the law as a form of social life, which has its reality in the will of society, the legal reality of life is the main face of depathologization by transsexuals. The vulnerability brought by pathologization shows that Brazil is the country with the highest number of transgender murders in the world. Therefore, the design of the transsexual as a subject non-standard non-binary gender normality and labeled as sick person, brings enormous suffering, including the voluntary and early terminally life. So this dissertation aims to induce a reflection on the right to health of transsexual people, demonstrating that there is the possibility of modifying the conditions imposed by international recommendations in our country, which has autonomy for the maintenance of transsexual processes in Unified Health System without the need of a pathologizing diagnosis. These changes in the Brazilian structures and government programs are possible and necessary, which will allow access to the right to health to all, regardless of conditions and, especially, gender identity. The main goal is to bring to reflect the elimination of the word disorder and, hence, the elimination of pathologic diagnosis, given that transsexuals are engaged in the search of autonomy and identity, since they are not sick or abnormal.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-04T17:01:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia Sleiman Rodrigues.pdf: 1547432 bytes, checksum: 6b826fc30a0318c34c1893cea03c1333 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-04T17:01:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia Sleiman Rodrigues.pdf: 1547432 bytes, checksum: 6b826fc30a0318c34c1893cea03c1333 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Nenhuma / O papel da Jurisdição Constitucional no Brasil vem sofrendo transformações paradigmáticas a partir do fenômeno da judicialização da política. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho analisa as decisões da Presidência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), referentes aos direitos sociais de segunda dimensão, notadamente o direito à saúde, de modo a verificar como elas foram construídas. Portanto, pode-se dizer que a perspectiva da tese é analisar a empiria das decisões do STF calcada na racionalidade retórico-argumentativa como fundamento da normatividade do direito. Em consequência, a pesquisa perpassa as teorias da argumentação jurídica através de suas fórmulas hermenêuticas do neoconstitucionalismo e suas lógicas superadoras do velho exegetismo positivista. Com efeito, não se trata apenas de substituir o ?juiz boca da lei? do positivismo exegético por um ?juiz dos princípios? da teoria axiológica da argumentação jurídica, mas, sim, de identificar a base teórica usada pelo STF no processo de transformação de ?texto da norma? em ?norma-decisão? no plano concreto de significação. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem a necessidade de dialogar com alguns conceitos relacionados com a imbricação entre Política e Direito, e.g., as ideias de poder contramajoritário de juízes e tribunais, de legitimidade democrática das decisões judiciais, de estratégias argumentativo-hermenêuticas de interpretação constitucional, de reserva do possível, de mínimo existencial e muitas outras. Desta forma, almeja-se desvelar as estruturas do construir decisório dos Ministros do STF do ponto de vista metodológico, trabalhando-se a análise do discurso jurídico-político usado na formulação das normas-decisão da Suprema Corte brasileira. / The role of the Constitutional Jurisdiction in Brazil has undergone a paradigmatic transformation from the phenomenon of politics judicialization. In this context, this work aims to look into the decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) to measure the effectiveness of the second-dimension human rights, notably the right to health, in a way to verify how they were built. Therefore, it can be said that the expectation of this thesis is to analyze the empiria in Supreme Court judgments grounded in rhetorical-argumentative rationality as the basis of the normativity of law. Consequently, this research goes through the theories of legal argumentation and its formulas of hermeneutics and the overcoming logics of old positivist exegetism. Indeed, it is not just substituting the "mouth of the law judges" from the exegetical positivism by "principles judges" from the axiological theory of legal argumentation, but rather to identify the theoretical basis employed by the Supreme Court in the transformation process of the "standard text" on "rule of decision" on the concrete level of significance. It means that the present research needs for dialogue with some concepts related to the overlap between law and politics, i.e., the ideas of counter-majoritarian power of judges and courts, the democratic legitimacy of judicial decisions, of argumentative-hermeneutics strategies in constitutional interpretation, the reserve of the possible, existential minimum, and many others. Thereby, the goal is to uncover the structures of the decision building of the Members of the Supreme Court in a methodological point of view, working up the analysis of the legal-political discourse used in the formulation of Supreme Court standards-decisions.

The proportion of Canadian prisoners with mental illnesses is rising. Prison administrators are legally responsible for funding and providing access to mental health services for prisoners. Models of service delivery are organized differently in prisons across Canada, and limited scholarly research exists on the efficacy of different approaches to delivering prison mental health care services. The purpose of this case study was to explore the organization and delivery of mental health services in a provincial prison (APP) in Canada. The research question considered how to organize the delivery of these services to meet the needs of prisoners with mental illnesses. The right to health, which holds that services should be available, accessible, appropriate, and of good quality (AAAQ), was applied as the conceptual framework. Data were collected from public documents, observations of the medical clinic and a meeting of a multidisciplinary committee, and individual interviews and focus groups. A total of 31 participants from APP, the provincial health care system, and community-based organizations participated in this study. The data were inductively coded and subjected to pattern matching with emerging themes from multiple sources. Findings indicated that the provincial health care system, not prison administrators, should be responsible for the oversight and management of prison mental health services. Collaboration between the systems is needed in program design and delivering these services. Application of the AAAQ framework against mental health services revealed that the services did not satisfy the right to health and need enhancement. These findings suggest that policy makers could use the AAAQ framework to design and deliver mental health services equivalent to services in the community for the benefit of prisoners.

Thesis (M.Dev. (Management and Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / Section 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that everyone has a right to have access to health care. South Africa embraces the concept of universal health care coverage. Access to health care has four dimensions: geographic accessibility, availability, financial accessibility and acceptability. If there were barriers to access to health care, the stake-holders would be duty-bound to design interventions requisite to address those barriers. The aim of the study was to establish whether health care users enjoy the right to have access to health services at Ratshaatsha Community Health Centre (RCHC). The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research designs. While a questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, focused group discussions and participant observations were employed to collect qualitative data. The following are the main findings of the study. Human rights instruments clearly spell out the indivisible and mutually supportive rights that persons have. There are barriers that often affect the rights to have access to health services at RCHC. For instance, the RCHC is not within a 25 km radius of some of the consumers of health care. The roads that link up the health care users and RCHC are in poor condition. The community is generally poverty-stricken. Many cannot afford, among others, the costs of basic needs, transport fares and opportunity costs. Travelling distance and time, scarce skills and lack of medication and equipment rank among demand-side and supply-side barriers to access to health care. Health care users often choose to consult churches and traditional healers. It is recommended that government should, among others, co-ordinate primary health care services in collaboration with churches and traditional healers; commission research into traditional health medicine and healing procedures and protocols of other health care providers; develop policy on cross-referral of patients; improve community participation; set minimum norms and standards for the delivery of alternative health care services; establish health care management guidelines for churches and traditional healers; integrate health care provisioning into IDPs; and provide health care in an integrated intergovernmental manner.

The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women’s rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women’s lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Även tryckt utgåva. Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Disertacinio darbo tyrimo objektas yra visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinis reguliavimas ir jo įvertinimas teisės į sveikatos apsaugą įgyvendinimo požiūriu. Darbe nagrinėjama visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros samprata, išskiriami visuomenės sveikatos priežiūrai keliami tikslai ir aptariamos sritys (priemonės), kuriomis tikslai įgyvendinami. Taip pat atskleidžiama teisės į sveikatos apsaugą samprata, kas leidžia apibrėžti pastarosios turinį, kuris lems sveikatos priežiūros teisinio reglamentavimo apimtį. Nacionalinis visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinis reguliavimas vertinamas teisės į sveikatos apsaugą įgyvendinimo aspektu: ar esamas teisinis reguliavimas sudaro prielaidas įgyvendinti teisės į sveikatos apsaugą kiekybinius ir kokybinius turinio parametrus ir ar tai lemia, kad asmeniui sudaromos saugios gyvenimo, darbo ir laisvalaikio sąlygos, ar valstybėje funkcionuoja sveikatos stiprinimo ir stebėsenos sistemos, ar valstybės sukurti mechanizmai apsaugo sveikatą esant ligų protrūkiams. Šie ir kiti klausimai analizuojami sistemiškai, siekiant ne tik atskleisti nacionalinio visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinio reglamentavimo ypatumus, bet ir pateikti siūlymus, kaip jį tobulinti. Įvertintas visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinis reguliavimas teisės į sveikatos apsaugą įgyvendinimo požiūriu leido apibrėžti pastarojo galimybes ir ribas, nustatyti teisinio reguliavimo tobulinimo gaires. / The dissertation research object is public health legal regulation and its evaluation in regards to the implementing the right to health care. Paper explores the understanding of public health, separating the goals and discussed spheres (methods) of public health, with which the goals are realized. It also reveals the understanding of the right to health care, allowing definition of the latter’s content, which determines the extent of health care legal regulation. National public health legal regulation is evaluated in the aspect of the right to health care implementation: does the present legal regulation create preconditions to implement the right to health care content’s quantity and quality parameters and whether this determines if safe life, work and leisure conditions are provided for the individual, if the nation has functioning systems of health promotion and monitoring, if the nation-created mechanisms protect health in the case of a disease outbreak. These and other questions are analyzed systematically, aiming not only to reveal national public health legal regulation singularities, but also to provide proposals on how to improve it. Evaluated public health legal regulation right’s to health care implementation outlook, allowed to define the latter’s possibilities and limits, to ascertain the legal regulation improvement guidelines.

The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women’s rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women’s lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.

<p>This study aimed to contribute to the current debate around equity in health care resource allocation by measuring the current allocation of resources, relative to need in the Northern Cape. It also discussed the level of inequities in health financing/expenditure and staffing at the primary health care level between different districts of the Northern Cape.</p>