Public Private Partnerships, or PPPs, are being increasingly preferred by governments across the world for filling the infrastructure deficit, as they are claimed to provide access to private capital, and bring private sector efficiencies in provisioning of public services. In India too, a distinct policy shift towards PPPs in various sectors has been observed accompanied by a high degree of reliance on such partnerships to upscale the transport infrastructure. A growing body of literature however reveals serious flaws in the claims of economic superiority, effectiveness and profitability of the PPPs. They are being questioned on various accounts of transparency, accountability, equity, and excessive profiteering by the private partners. This gives rise to an advocacy for the enhanced role of the State in governance of PPPs. In this background, this research explores the nature of division of roles and responsibilities, allocation of risks and sharing of benefits by the State and the private partners within the PPPs in the context of road transport sector in India. It further examines the extent of investment of resources by the private partners in the projects. The factors shaping PPPs in road transport in India are also examined. This research suggests measures to strengthen the structures and mechanisms within the public and private partners to improve public infrastructure within the PPP framework. In order to achieve the research aims, and to gain a deeper perspective of the governance issues of PPPs from different administrative levels, two national and two state highways (one in construction while the other in operational stage in both cases) along with an intra-city transport project, part of which is already operationalised, were selected for the study. This study is rooted in critical realism according to which understanding of any social phenomenon can be achieved through study of the underlying multi-layered structures and mechanisms which cause the phenomenon. Research findings reveal that while PPP projects in highways largely followed the theoretical model of PPPs, the urban transportation project was found to be substantially deviating from a general PPP model discussed in the literature due to the unique requirements of urban transport infrastructure in India. The widely accepted argument of PPPs bringing in private capital to public services has been debunked by the Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System (ABRTS). The project is substantially funded by the national and state governments due to limited incentives for the private sector to invest in these projects under BOT mode. The under-developed capability within the private sector in urban transportation projects in India resulted in unbundling of services rather than one private agency providing all of them. The local urban body has retained several risks as it more suitably located to bear them more efficiently. In the PPPs in highways, the public partner has shifted many of its responsibilities to the concessionaire primarily due to shortage of adequate manpower with the public partner, and the incentive of timely completion of the project with the private partner. Adoption of the PPP mode in highways has not been able to avoid time and cost over-runs, largely due to the public partners not meeting their share of responsibilities. Land acquisition has emerged as the single most contentious issue of PPPs in infrastructure in India and is the major cause for delay in PPP projects. In addition, serious issues in land-grabbing and profiteering by the private partners have also been observed. A more active role of the State in PPPs is suggested to improve the delivery of public services through the PPP mode. This may require establishing additional structures and mechanisms of governance to meet the emerging requirements of these new modes of procurement, and to strengthen the existing ones.

The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most complicated kinds of transportation. Dangerous goods have characteristics that can be hazardous for people, properties and environment. That is why the dangerous shipment have to be transported according to the special rules. The ADR agreement heads towards the unification of those rules between all contracting parties and it also contributes to the elimination or reduction of accidents.

O transporte rodoviário de cargas no Brasil apresenta um número reduzido de estudos principalmente no que se refere às informações sobre seu desempenho. A avaliação de desempenho sempre foi um tema de grande importância para o planejamento de transportes. Atualmente, com o acirramento da competição, seu conhecimento torna-se indispensável para a sobrevivência das empresas, que devem mudar suas gestões de uma visão puramente operacional para uma visão de negócios. O objetivo do trabalho de pesquisa é explorar o potencial da aplicação do método de análise envoltória de dados (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA) para a avaliação de desempenho de empresas prestadoras de serviços de transporte rodoviário de cargas. Esta ferramenta determina a eficiência relativa de cada unidade em análise (DMU), comparando-a com as demais e considerando a relação entre seus insumos (inputs) e produtos (outputs). No trabalho, é descrito o método acompanhado por uma aplicação prática que determina a eficiência de empresas do setor. A partir daí, foram construídas as tabelas de classificação de desempenho (rankings) destas empresas que serviram para estudos comparativos com outras tabelas divulgadas anualmente numa revista brasileira da área. / The freight road transport in Brazil presents a reduced number of studies mainly in what it refers to performance information. The performance evaluation was always a theme of great importance in transport planning. Nowadays, because of the raise in competition, your knowledge becomes indispensable for the companie\'s survival, which should change your vision of management from purely operational to business. The objective of this work is to explore the application potential of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method for the performance evaluation of companies which transport loads. The DEA method determines the relative efficiency of each unit in analysis (DMU) comparing it to the others units, and considering the relationship among inputs and outputs. In this work, the method is described followed by a practical example that determines the efficiency of the companies. Since then, rankings of performance of these companies were built for comparative studies with other ranking published annually in a specialized Brazilian magazine.

Tarptautinis transporto verslas sparčiai vystosi ir keičiasi. Šiuo metu jis yra vienas iš pagrindinių veiksnių skatinančių valstybės pajamų augimą. Kaip ir kitos transporto rūšys, kelių transportas yra transporto vadybos specialybės dalykas. Šio rašto darbo tikslas – bendras tarptautinio transporto sistemos, jos planavimo ir organizavimo, problemų ir ateities perspektyvų apžvalga. Aš analizavau abejas įmones, kurios dalyvauja krovinių gabenimo procese – tiek transporto, tiek ir ekspedicinės firmas. Šis Magistro darbas susideda iš trijų dalių. Pirmoji pristato teorinį pagrindą apie transporto rūšis, ekspedijavimą ir teisinius reikalavimus. Antroji ir trečioji dalys sudarytos iš mano praktinės kelių transporto analizių. Pabandžiau pritaikyti SWOT, Porterio ir šešių sigmų metodologijas atsižvelgiant į tai, kad jos padeda pasiekti konkurencinį pranašumą, palaikyti gerus santykius su užsienio partneriais ir plėsti įmonę. Iš savo analizių aš padariau tokias išvadas: transporto ateitis yra intermodalumas. Todėl būtina plėtoti daugiau viešųjų logistikos centrų. / International transportation business is rapidly developing and changing. Now it is one of the main forces that promote finances increase of a state. As well as the other kinds of transport, road transport is a subject of transport management specialty. The purpose of this paper work is to review generally international transportation system, its planning and administration, problems and future. I have analyzed both companies that take part in the process of load transportation – transportation business as well as expeditionary enterprises. This Master of Science thesis comprises of three parts. The first one presents theoretical background of transport kinds, expedition and law requirements. The second and the third parts contain my practical analyses of road transport. I have tried to use SWOT, Porter and 6 sigma methodologies whereas that it helps to gain competitive advantage, keep terms with foreign business partners and develop the enterprise. Finally, I have drawn such inferences from my analyses: the future of transport is intermodality. Therefore, it is essential to develop more public logistic centers.

Skandinavijos krypties aktualumas vežant krovinius iš Lietuvos per 2008-2010 m.m. itin sparčiai augo - kasmet vidutiniškai fiksuojamas 15 % еksporto srauto didėjimas. Rinkos pataruklumą įrodo jos aukšti ekonominiai rodikliai: bendrai Švedijos, Norvegijos ir Danijos - dvigubai aukštesni nei Lietuvos bei Baltijos šalių bei trečdaliu - nei Vakarų Europos. Infliacija siekia vos 2 %, nedarbo lygis svyruoja 4-6%, BVP augimas 3.4 %, pagal pasaulinį ekonomikos vertinimą minėtos trys Skandinavijos šalys patenka į penkioliktuką. Nepaisant to, šios rinkos įsisavinimo barjerai vis dar jaučiami tiek Lietuvos kelių transporto operatorių, tiek skandinavijos verslininkų. Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tema - Skandinavijos krypties patrauklumo Lietuvos vežėjams kelių transportu tyrimas. Analizuojama problema - barjerai, trukdantys įėjimą į Skandinavijos rinką. Pirmoje darbo dalyje analizuojami Baileyss (2007), Robbins (2003), Coyle (1992), Eksportuojančiosios Lietuvos bei kitų autorių straipsniai ir apžvalgos, kurios kreipia i pagrindinius įėjimo į šią rinką barjerus: nepakankama informacija apie Lietuvos vežėjus, jų nežinomumas,rinkoje, tiesioginio kontakto prioritetas (parodų, susitikimų pas potencialius klientus metu), aukšti aplinkosauginiai ("draugiški gamtai" reikalavimai). Antrojoje darbo dalyje pasirenkamas mokslinis tyrimas, anketuojant 15 ekspertų pagal numatytus kriterijus. Analizuojama lyginamosios analizės bei rangavimo metodų svarba ir aktualumas, sudaromi anketos klausimai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevant of Scandinavia market for carrying goods by road transport from Lithuania past years (2008-2010) was growing progresivly. Annual growth of export to Scandinavia market was fixed 15 % on average. The attractiveness of Scandinavian market identifies its indicators: 2 % of inflation, 4-6% of unemployment, GDP growth of 3.4 %. Sweden, Norway and Denmark have double higher economy than Lithuania and one third higher than West Europe. Despite this, the entrance barriers to the market are still causing issues for Lithuanian road transport operators. The thesis of this master project is Research on Scandinavian targeted direction attractiveness to Lithuanian carriers by road transport. In the first part of this project research articles by Bayless (2007), Robbins (2003), Coyle (1992), Export of Lithuania and others are being analyzed. All the articles direct to main barriers of Scandinavia market input: insufficient information about Lithuanian carriers,not very well-known in international market, lack of direct communication (during the exhibitions, visits), high environmental requirements (environmentally-friendly). In the second part of the project science research is chosen by questionnaire 15 experts.Each of the chosen expert conform required criteria s. The analysis was based on comparative and rankings analysis', identifying the importance and relevance of each criteria's. The questionnaire was made. In the third part of the project all the analysis with data was... [to full text]

Diss. Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the negative and positive externalities in field of traffic and reparation of ground equipment, depending on the character of transport route, environment and the type of transport facilities. This thesis is also focused on the appraisal of transport and their externalities effects on quality life of people, the environment and possibilities for improvement of these influences.

This thesis on the mitigation of negative externalities of road transport focused on analyze the selected negative effects of ground transport equipment on the environment and on its basis to draw up a summary of lessons about the level of negative effects of land transport. The first part deals with the theory of road transport, transport roads, transport environment and negative externalities in transport. Second part deals with practical measurement of the mass concentration of airborne dust in air and noise.

O transporte rodoviário de carga é o objeto de estudo desta tese, que parte do pressuposto de que sua estruturação e organização no território brasileiro foram acompanhadas por um processo de seletividade espacial que privilegiou certos pontos e áreas em detrimento de outros, evidenciando uma rede gegráfica reveladora do uso do território. A hipótese ainda leva em conta o fato de que o transporte rodoviário de carga, a partir de meados dos anos 1990, inseriu-se em um momento de transformações estruturais e conjunturais condizentes com as variáveis do período histórico atual, consequência da globalização perversa que avassala o mundo com eventos hegemônicos que servem aos desígnios do capital. Pretendemos demonstrar que o transporte rodoviário de carga cria uma topologia própria, cuja configuração territorial é composta por linhas e nodais que em seu conjunto modelam uma rede geográfica capaz de expressar a interação e dissociação geográfica dos lugares intrínseca à formação socioespacial brasileira. Acreditamos que este caminho, baseado metodologicamente na divisão territorial do trabalho, nos circuitos da economia urbana e nos circuitos espaciais produtivos, proporcione uma leitura bastante interessante no que diz respeito ao uso diferenciado do território, evidenciando com mais força a hierarquia dos lugares e a correlação de forças entre os agentes que operam o transporte rodoviário de carga. Para corroborar esta ideia identificamos os nodais tidos como a expressão máxima da seletividade espacial do transporte rodoviário de carga e divididos em quatro níveis que, ao concentrar uma série de atributos geográficos produtores de funcionalidades, hierarquias e polarizações, ajudam a explicar a rede geográfica em questão. O ponto de partida é o que propomos chamar de polígono paulista, um nodal primário de força polarizadora única, responsável pela determinação das rotas, prazos de tempo de trânsito de carga e valor do frete de boa parte do país. Em seguida aparecem os nodais secundários polifuncionais, aqueles em que os circuitos espaciais de produção industrial são o suporte das atividades geradoras de carga, e monofuncionais, relacionados à especialização produtiva, situação geográfica e logística do comércio atacadista e distribuidor. O quarto nível agrega o conjunto dos nodais terciários, centros responsáveis pela distribuição de rotas microrregionais e intraurbanas em cidades intermediárias. Procuramos comprovar, ainda, que a modernização conservadora e as históricas e crônicas desigualdades regionais não podem ser explicadas alheias ao vertiginoso crescimento do transporte rodoviário de carga, em toda a complexidade que a temática implica. Em outras palavras, acreditamos que para compreender as contradições do Brasil no período atual é necessário um entendimento geográfico mais completo do enraizamento e capilaridade do modal rodoviário em apenas cinco décadas. / The road freight transport is the object of study of this thesis, which assumes that its structure and organization in the Brazilian territory were followed by a selective spatial process that privileged certain points and areas in detriment of others, highlighting a geographic network which reveals the land use. The hypothesis also takes into account the fact that the road freight transport, from the mid-1990s, entered into a time of structural changes and conjunctures consistent with the variables of the current historical period, consequence of the perverse globalization that overwhelms the world with hegemonic events that serve the designs of capital. We intend to demonstrate that the road cargo freight creates a proper topology, whose territorial configuration consists of nodals and lines which together creates a geographic network model capable of expressing the interactions and geographic dissociation of places, intrinsic to the Brazilian social and spatial formation. We believe that this way, methodologically based on the labor territorial division, in the circuits of the urban economy and in productive space circuits, provides a very interesting reading in regards to the different uses of the territory, strongly highlighting the hierarchy of places and the correlation forces between the agents operating the road cargo freight. To confirm this idea, we identify the nodals regarded as the ultimate expression of the road freight spatial selectivity and divided into four levels that, to concentrate a number of geographic attributes which produces functionalities, hierarchies and polarities, help explain the geographic network in question. The starting point is what we propose to call \"paulista polygon\", a primary nodal with unique polarizing force, responsible for determining the routes, cargo transit deadlines and freight value of much of the country. Next there are the secondary polyfunctional nodals, those in which the spatial circuits of industrial production are the support of the charge-generating activities, and monofunctional, related to production specialization, geographic situation or logistic trade of the wholesaler and distributor. The fourth level adds the set of tertiary nodals, centers responsible for the microregional route distribution and within the urban areas in intermediate cities. We also seek to prove that the conservative modernization and historical and chronicle regional differences cannot be explained apart from the vertiginous growth of road freight transport in all its complexity. In other words, we believe that to understand the contradictions of Brazil in the current period, requires a more complete geographical understanding of the rooting and capillarity of the road modals in just five decades.