Este estudo busca traçar os caminhos de uma leitura em que Barthes é visto não como um crítico cuja obra deve ser desdobrada, mas como um escritor da literatura francesa. Para isso, escolhi percorrer a sua obra, olhando para a sua inscrição no intervalo entre os textos lidos e escritos mas também para como ele se inscreve no intervalo que existe entre a ficção e a crítica até o encontro de uma frase que talvez possa iluminar todo o meu percurso. / This study attempts to trace the paths of a reading in which Barthes is seen, not as a critic, but as a writer of French literature. To do so, I chose to go through his complete works, looking at his inscription in the interval between the read and the written texts -­ but also in how he fits into the range that exists between fiction and criticism -­ until the meeting of a phrase that might illuminate my whole itinerary.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thesis advisor: Davarian Baldwin / The multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk (1936-1978) was one of the most thrilling jazz performers of the Sixties and Seventies, wowing audiences with his lively blend of musical styles and his unique ability to play multiple saxophones at once. Still, one particularly exciting aspect of his life is unfamiliar to most, jazz fans included. In 1970, Kirk formed an activist group which he dubbed the Jazz and People’s Movement (JPM), with the purpose of lobbying television networks to broadcast more jazz and black musicians. And in order to ensure the networks took the call seriously, the JPM seized the television studios by storm – during the taping of major prime-time programs! The JPM was one among many self-help collectives working in New York and Chicago at the time, all seeking to mediate the material and cultural stresses facing musicians following jazz’s sharp decline in the 1960s. Kirk’s movement was unique, however, in identifying mainstream culture industries as a key site of struggle in the politics of production, documentation, and dissemination. And the JPM’s dynamic public disturbance tactics contrasted with the quieter, inward-looking programs of other collectives. Its aesthetic inclusivism also set it apart from most other jazz community groups which heavily favored avant-garde music. Under Kirk’s leadership, the JPM demonstrated that the mass production and consumption of art and culture had important political relevance and power for the liberation of black music specifically, and of black America more generally. Although the movement was short-lived and did not achieve many of its stated goals, it provides a visible intersection of music, race, and society, and is thus a highly valuable historical subject. This thesis explores the impact of Kirk’s political and aesthetic ideals on his conception of the JPM; the consistently interconnected material and cultural underpinnings of the movement’s agenda; the group’s protest actions, and the accompanying reactions in the music community and the press; the causes of the JPM’s dissolution; and the movement’s broader impact and legacy. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

A partir da difusão e fragmentação das escritas de vida pela Comunicação no contemporâneo, esta dissertação busca discutir tal fenômeno à luz do conceito de biografema, conforme elaborado por Roland Barthes. Propomos que as narrativas midiáticas vêm praticando um resgate e um desgaste de tal forma semiótica, calcada na descrição de detalhes e pequenas idiossincrasias de suas personagens – jogo de enunciação biográfica visível desde sua formalização com Plutarco, no Século X, até a corrente definição de espaço biográfico, fendido pelo crescente interesse em detalhamentos e escritas menores. Identificado tal cenário em dispersão, a pesquisa tomou como seu objetivo geral distinguir os usos do biografema pelos discursos comunicacionais contemporâneos por meio do mapeamento de suas diversas funções semióticas, observáveis na análise de fragmentos narrativos. Tal distinção é organizada aqui, metodologicamente, a partir da arqueologia de Michel Foucault, na tentativa de localizar os regimes de dizibilidade que instauram e modelam as formas semióticas de enunciação da vida e o modo como se alteram em seu trânsito. Desse painel, partimos para uma observação de certas escrituras concretas capazes de encarnar as forças formativas, levando a uma investigação sobre discursos midiáticos como Caetano estaciona carro no Leblon nesta quinta-feira e Bela, recatada e ‘do lar’, contrapostos ao dispositivo crítico dos livros Anjo noturno, Inverdades, La literatura nazi en America, O concerto de João Gilberto no Rio de Janeiro, Um homem burro morreu, Vida e Vésperas. Desmontados a partir da sua enunciação de traços biografemáticos, tais textos são remontados em nossa análise a partir da identificação de três estratégias semióticas que animam a circulação do biográfico pelos meios de comunicação. Foi possível ler aí três principais usos estratégicos a modelizar a palavra biografemática: a palavra de ordem, voltada a tomar a descrição do biografado como realização de injunções de poder; a palavra mítica, forma de organização sígnica específica desse uso, dedicada a naturalizar os intuitos estratégicos a que serve; e a palavra fágica, que apropria para a mídia a forma crítica do biografema, mas também opera o movimento inverso, reiniciando essa semiose. Na disposição dessas formas de lidar com os traços biografemáticos, podemos inferir o caráter volátil da linguagem envolvida na constituição do biografema e das biografias; linguagem cujo uso desvela uma condição parasita da Comunicação, estruturada pela produção de signos e de regimes poéticos e políticos. / Based on the diffusion and fragmentation of the life’s writings by Communication in the contemporany, this dissertation seeks to discuss such phenomenon in light of the concept of biographeme, as elaborated by Barthes. We propose that the media’s narratives have been practicing a rescue and a detrition of this semiotic form, based on the description of details and little idiosyncrasies of his characters – a game of biographical writing visible since its formalization with Plutarch, in the Xth century, to the current definition of biographical space, cracked by the growing interest in smaller writings and details. Identified the dispersion of such scenario, the research took as its general objective to distinguish the uses of the biographeme by the contemporary communicational discourses, mapping its diverse semiotic functions, observable in the analysis of narrative fragments. Such distinction is methodologically organized with the arche-genealogy of Michel Foucault, in an attempt to locate the regimes of readability that establish and model the semiotic forms of enunciation of life and how they change in their transit. From this panel, we set out for an observation of certain concrete writings capable of embodying this formative forces, leading to an investigation into media discourses such as Caetano estaciona carro no Leblon nesta quinta-feira and Bela, recatada e ‘do lar’ opposed to the critical apparatus of the books Anjo noturno, Inverdades, La literatura nazi en America, O concerto de João Gilberto no Rio de Janeiro, Um homem burro morreu, Vida e Vésperas. Disassembled in their enunciation of biographematical traces, in our analysis these texts are traced back to the identification of three semiotic strategies that animated the circulation of the biographical in the media. It was possible to read in these three main strategic uses modeling the biographematical word: the word of order, aimed at taking the description of the biography as concretion of injunctions of power; the mythical word, an specific form of symbolic organization, dedicated to naturalize the strategic purposes that it serves; and the phagic word, which appropriates to the media the critical form of biographeme, but also operates the reverse movement, restarting this semiosis. Laying out these ways of dealing with the biographematical traces, we can infer the volatile character of the language involved in the constitution of the biographeme and the biographies; the language whose use unveils a parasitic condition of Communication, structured by the production of signs and poetic and political regimes.

PART I Open education is defined operationally in terms of the Roland Earths (1971) open education scale plus Bob Young's curriculum scale based upon Basil Bernstein's classification of educational knowledge (collected versus integrated codes). Young's scale on the organization of curriculum knowledge is considered to make explicit ideas partially implicit in the Barth Scale as well as adding a new dimension. This definition of open education has three unifying closely related principles: (i) respect for students as persons (ii) a view of knowledge being in part a personal construct (iii) the extent by which the contents of the curriculum stand in open relation to each other. The limitations of the study and its relevance to ACT schools are stated. The literature on open education is reviewed and criticism is examined. The most important writers on open education influencing the development of the authors ideas were - Roland Barth, Tinsley Beck, Basil Bernstein, Hugh Petrie, Herbert Walberg and Susan Christie Thomas, and Bob Young. PART II A short personal history of the study is given. This outlines the development of the author's ideas and explains how the survey was conducted (plus its problems). An extensive analysis of the survey data was undertaken in terms of ten research questions posed. These related to:- (i) characteristics of respondents (ii) representativeness of the samples (iii) reliability of the instruments (Barth, Young) (iv) unity of the total Barth-Young scale (v) differences between primary teachers, secondary teachers and parents' responses (vi) factorial composition of the scales (vii) a comparison of the logical and factorial dimensions of the scales (viii) comments of respondents (ix) implications of the research (x) further research required. In general the survey data was consistent with the theory in Part I, though it also indicated there was a need for further development of the Barth-Young Scale.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Titel: Myter som sanning i ”Battlestar Galactica”</p><p>Författare: Ulf Liedström och Maria Dovgan</p><p>Handledare: Malin Nilsson</p><p>Examinator: Veronica Stoehrel</p><p>Typ av arbete: C-uppsats i Medie- och Kommunikationsvetenskap, 15 hp HT-07</p><p>Plats: Högskolan i Halmstad</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka myter som finns i TV-serien ”Battlestar Galactica” och hur de används för att säga något om vår kontemporära syn på vetenskap, politik och religion.</p><p>Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ semiotisk metod med djuppsykologiska teorier av C. G. Jung</p><p>Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att myter i högsta grad används i serien och att de används för att få tittaren till att reflektera över det nutida samhällets brister och därmed är serien också väldigt samhällskritisk till sin karaktär.</p><p>Nyckelord: Battlestar Galactica, Science Fiction, Semiotik, Roland Barthes, Carl Gustav Jung</p>

Abstract Titel: Myter som sanning i ”Battlestar Galactica” Författare: Ulf Liedström och Maria Dovgan Handledare: Malin Nilsson Examinator: Veronica Stoehrel Typ av arbete: C-uppsats i Medie- och Kommunikationsvetenskap, 15 hp HT-07 Plats: Högskolan i Halmstad Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka myter som finns i TV-serien ”Battlestar Galactica” och hur de används för att säga något om vår kontemporära syn på vetenskap, politik och religion. Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ semiotisk metod med djuppsykologiska teorier av C. G. Jung Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att myter i högsta grad används i serien och att de används för att få tittaren till att reflektera över det nutida samhällets brister och därmed är serien också väldigt samhällskritisk till sin karaktär. Nyckelord: Battlestar Galactica, Science Fiction, Semiotik, Roland Barthes, Carl Gustav Jung

My thesis is composed of three parts. First of all, based on the three essays of early Roland Barthes, Le message photographique, Rhetoric de l¡¦image, and Le troisieme sens, in which Barthes applies photography with semiology, I outline Barthes¡¦s early thought and delineate why Barthes turns from semiology to phenomenology. In the second part, I focus on Barthes¡¦ last work La chambre claire, and explore the notions such as ¡¥studium¡¦ and ¡¥punctum.¡¦ Thirdly, I use Sartre¡¦s early work l¡¦imagination to interpret the notion of ¡¥punctum,¡¦ in order to outline the phenomenology in La chambre claire more clearly. In sum, my thesis concerns itself with the interplay between early Barthes, Barthes in La chambre claire, and Sartre in l¡¦imagination.

Jeanette Winterson’s novel Written on the Body asks what it means to express love not through language but through the body, where it is felt, challenging the boundaries placed between body and language. Using Winterson’s novel and Roland Barthes’s A Lover’s Discourse as points of inquiry, this thesis examines conceptions of love based on heteronormative and romanticized visions of present and healthy bodies. This thesis asks how a body that is diseased and dying can express an emotion that is predicated on these very notions of presence, absence, and health. The narrator of the novel sees love as a scripted story that, once adhered to, determines the (successful) experience of love. Louise’s cancer threatens these scripts of love, as it destroys the narrator’s conception of both love and Louise. Despite the fact that Louise is absent and dying, the narrator begins to write a new story that will allow him/her to have a perfect relationship with Louise, so that s/he can reconcile the contradictions of the scripts that the relationship exposed. Using Slavoj Zizek’s “Melancholy and the Act” and Richard Stamelman’s Lost Beyond Telling as frameworks of mourning and melancholy, the narrator’s melancholy over a lost presence thus emerges as a way that allows him/her to create a perfect love story. To make Louise appear perfect in this perfect love story, the narrator manipulates the language of disease that reconstructs Louise's physical absence as a textual presence. The discourse surrounding Louise thus begins to operate out of the desire to compensate and supplement what is missing; in Louise's case, the narrator is supplementing her with a "normal," healthy body. Looking in the shadows of the narrator’s memories, Written on the Body emerges as not only an account of the narrator’s love story, but also an account of Louise’s story, a story of a body that refuses to be written on and demands to be heard. Winterson demonstrates how the body is always in the process of creating knowledge and meaning that can only be obtained by questioning what is normal, both for the body and for the scripts we all adhere to.

Proefschrift--Philosophische Fakultät--Köln--Universität, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 171-181.