O objetivo da presente dissertação é investigar um conjunto de pequenos fragmentos de papiros alexandrinos nomeado Acta Alexandrinorum. Os escritos narram episódios referentes à Alexandria nos dois primeiros séculos de Império Romano. Foram, no entanto, encontrados em diferentes locais do Egito, fato que sugere uma moderada circulação dos escritos na região. A hipótese é que um estruturado e coeso grupo de cidadãos alexandrinos do Ginásio, de ascendência grega e origem nobre, utilizaram-se dos escritos para manifestar suas insatisfações ao poder imperial. Pretendiam, com os relatos, criar um clima de resistência aos romanos e, ao mesmo tempo, exaltar a importância de Alexandria naquele universo, delimitando também uma identidade alexandrina restrita aos seus elementos de maior distinção. E mais: desejavam marcar a indignação quanto aos vizinhos judeus, que estariam ameaçando alguns direitos antes restritos ao grupo. Através dos textos, pode-se analisar como a romanização foi recebida e entendida pelos alexandrinos. Além disso, a documentação lança luz sobre elementos diversos da vida cívica e social da cidade e nos permite avaliar a sua importância no contexto imperial. / The aim of this dissertation is to investigate a group of small Alexandrian fragments of papyrus named Acta Alexandrinorum. The texts narrate episodes concerning Alexandria in the two first centuries of Roman Empire. But they were found in different places of Egypt, fact that suggests a moderate circulation of the writings in the region. The hypothesis is that a structured and limited group of Alexandrian citizens from the gymnasium, of Greek ascendance and noble birth, would use the writings to express their feelings of dissatisfaction to the Imperial power. They intended, with the accounts, to create an atmosphere of resistance to the Romans, and at the same time, to exalt the importance of Alexandria in that universe and also, to delimit an Alexandrian identity that should be restricted to their elements of higher distinction. Besides that, they also longed to emphasize the indignation to their Jewish neighbors, which were 8 threatening some rights that were before limited to their group. Through the texts, we can analyze how Romanization was received and understood by the Alexandrians. Besides that, the documents illustrate several elements of the civic and social life of the city and help to evaluate its importance in the imperial context.

The Late Roman necropolis of Fag el-Gamus on the eastern edge of Egypt's Fayum Oasis is a valuable archaeological site for exploring issues of personal and cultural identity in Roman Egypt. Former scholarship regarding the people buried at Fag el-Gamus has claimed-based on narrow evidence--that they represent an exceptionally early Christian community in Egypt. However, a more careful look at the evidence-using recent theoretical approaches, data-driven analyses, and comparisons with contemporary sites throughout Egypt and neighboring areas-reveals a more complicated portrait of their religious affiliation and other aspects of their identity. This study examines several potential markers of religious affiliation at Fag el-Gamus placed in the context of burials from throughout the Roman and early Byzantine eras in Egypt. Aspects of burial that appear to be "Christian" innovations or first occur in the period during which Christianity first appears are highlighted. Conclusions from this broader and more in-depth evidence suggests that the case for the early arrival of Christianity in Egypt is highly ambiguous, and any arguments concerning it must be correspondingly complex. The necropolis of Fag el-Gamus, due to its extensive size and excellent preservation, provides valuable evidence for the unfolding of this slow and piecemeal change and for the discussion of multiple aspects of identity.

No description available.

La thèse consiste en une édition critique, à partir des manuscrits médiévaux, du livre XVII de la Géographie de Strabon, une description des pays traversés par le Nil (Égypte et Éthiopie) et de la Libye rédigée au tournant de notre ère. Elle est accompagnée d’une traduction en français et d’un commentaire. L’introduction revient d’abord sur la tradition textuelle du livre pour asseoir le choix des manuscrits retenus. Puis, l’auteur replace le livre XVII en général, et l’Égypte en particulier, dans le cadre de la vie et de l’œuvre de Strabon, et tente d’en dégager les aspects méthodologiques, stylistiques et rhétoriques, en particulier la rhétorique de l’éloge de Rome et d’Auguste, principe structurant de l’ensemble de la Géographie. Le commentaire explicite les choix éditoriaux pour l’établissement du texte grec, et met en lumière le texte de Strabon en le confrontant aux autres données dont nous disposons sur les espaces et la période considérés (géographiques, historiques, littéraires, papyrologiques, épigraphiques, archéologiques, botaniques, zoologiques). / The dissertation consists in a critical edition, from the medieval manuscripts, of Strabo’s Geography book XVII, a description of the countries crossed by the Nile (Egypt and Ethiopia) and Libya written at the turn of our era. It comes with a French translation and a commentary. The introduction reconsiders first the textual tradition of the book to establish the choice of the manuscripts. Then, the author replaces the book XVII in general, and Egypt in particular, within the framework of Strabo’s life and work, and attempts to identify the methodological, stylistic and rhetorical issues of the text, in particular the rhetoric of the praise of Rome and August, structuring principle of the whole Geography. The commentary explains the editorial decisions for establishing the Greek text, and highlights Strabo’s text by confronting it with our other data about the considered spaces and time (geographical, historical, literary, papyrological, epigraphical, archaeological, botanical, zoological).

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar os banhos e as práticas balneárias públicas no Egito do século I a.C. ao século VI d.C., procurando detectar que modificações foram introduzidas pelo conquistador romano. Este contingente trouxe consigo hábitos culturais consolidados durante séculos em que estabelecera suas próprias práticas e desenvolvera técnicas construtivas e inovações tecnológicas, fruto de influências variadas e iniciativas locais resultantes de sua expansão colonial. Ao se estabelecerem no Egito anexado como província, os romanos encontraram uma cultura balneária solidamente enraizada, tão ou mais antiga que a sua, em consequência da conquista macedônica trezentos anos antes. O que vemos nos séculos seguintes é um movimento contínuo de manutenções e rupturas, em que uma população crescentemente \"romanizada\" adotou e descartou seletivamente práticas, feições e inovações técnicas, enquanto manteve hábitos tradicionais. Os edifícios balneários no Egito revelam que algumas destas práticas perduraram em seu território por mais tempo do que em qualquer outra província, e materializam escolhas feitas a nível local. Pretendemos demonstrar como, em sua arquitetura e em suas formas de banhar-se, os numerosos banhos públicos no Egito configuram uma prática cotidiana generalizada, amplamente adotada por uma população multiétnica e socialmente heterogênea, que contribuiu para lhes dar as feições híbridas que os distinguem, e que culminaram na geração de um modelo regional original e único. / This dissertation aims to investigate baths and bathing practices in Egypt from the 1st century BC to the 6th century AD, in order to determine which changes were introduced by the Roman conquerors. The Romans brought with them cultural habits formed over centuries, during which time they developed their own practices, building techniques and technological innovations, developed further during their colonial expansion. When they annexed Egypt, they encountered a solidly rooted bathing culture of similar or greater antiquity to their own, established following the Macedonian conquest three hundred years earlier. The picture which emerges over the following centuries is one of a constant movement of continuity and rupture, whereby the increasingly \"Romanised\" population selectively adopted and discarded practices, features and technical improvements, while retaining traditional habits. Egyptian baths show that some of these practices were kept alive on that territory far longer than on any other province, embodying choices made locally. We propose to demonstrate how - in their architecture and bathing forms - the numerous public baths of Egypt translate a generalised everyday practice, amply adopted by a multi-ethnical and socially heterogeneous population, who contributed towards the hybrid features which distinguish them, and which ultimately generated an original and unique regional model.

Por meio da análise das máscaras funerárias do Egito Romano procuramos discutir algumas questões relevantes sobre a sociedade egípcia de então. A principal delas é a criação de uma elite local de origem “grega" pelo governo romano e seu papel na propagação de elementos de origem grega e romana no meio cultural egípcio, os quais podem ser observados nas características faciais e no tipo de vestimenta retratados nas máscaras funerárias. Estas formas artísticas variavam cronológica e geograficamente, conforme as particularidades regionais e o interesse da elite dominante aliada ao Império Romano. Nesta complexa rede de relações sociais, as crenças funerárias do Egito Romano mantêm a tradição que remonta ao período faraônico. A máscara pode ser considerada tanto como uma salvaguarda da memória social do morto, o qual preserva assim seu status social, como seu duplo e substituto mágico no Além. / Through the analysis of burial masks of Roman Egypt we discuss some relevant issues bearing on the Egyptian society of those times. Prominent among them is the creation of a local elite of “Greek"origin by the Roman government, and its role in the propagation of elements of Greek and Roman origin in the Egyptian cultural milieu, which can be observed in the facial characteristics and in the garments portrayed in the burial masks. These artistic forms varied chronologically and geographically, according to the regional particularities and the interest of the dominant elite, allied to the Roman Empire. In this complex network of social relationships the funerary beliefs of the Roman Egypt mantain the tradition which reaches back to the pharaonic period. The mask may be considered as much as a safeguard of the social memory of the dead, which, in this way, preserves his social status, as well as his double one and magic substitute in the Beyond.

Por meio da análise das máscaras funerárias do Egito Romano procuramos discutir algumas questões relevantes sobre a sociedade egípcia de então. A principal delas é a criação de uma elite local de origem “grega” pelo governo romano e seu papel na propagação de elementos de origem grega e romana no meio cultural egípcio, os quais podem ser observados nas características faciais e no tipo de vestimenta retratados nas máscaras funerárias. Estas formas artísticas variavam cronológica e geograficamente, conforme as particularidades regionais e o interesse da elite dominante aliada ao Império Romano. Nesta complexa rede de relações sociais, as crenças funerárias do Egito Romano mantêm a tradição que remonta ao período faraônico. A máscara pode ser considerada tanto como uma salvaguarda da memória social do morto, o qual preserva assim seu status social, como seu duplo e substituto mágico no Além. / Through the analysis of burial masks of Roman Egypt we discuss some relevant issues bearing on the Egyptian society of those times. Prominent among them is the creation of a local elite of “Greek”origin by the Roman government, and its role in the propagation of elements of Greek and Roman origin in the Egyptian cultural milieu, which can be observed in the facial characteristics and in the garments portrayed in the burial masks. These artistic forms varied chronologically and geographically, according to the regional particularities and the interest of the dominant elite, allied to the Roman Empire. In this complex network of social relationships the funerary beliefs of the Roman Egypt mantain the tradition which reaches back to the pharaonic period. The mask may be considered as much as a safeguard of the social memory of the dead, which, in this way, preserves his social status, as well as his double one and magic substitute in the Beyond.

This essay explores the divinatory practice of incubation in ancient Egypt during the Graeco-Roman period with a particular focus on the magical and religious significance of the practice. Two main sanctuaries, Abydos and Deir el-Bahari have been investigated with a focus on the gods Bes and Osiris in the former and Amenhotep and Imhotep in the latter. The study has mainly examined surviving epigraphy and the ritual and cultic elements of the sites in relation to physical space as a prerequisite for ritual incubation. In addition, this study has related Greek influences on the practice of incubation in Egypt as a potential source of origin but has also investigated indigenous Egyptian traditions both for questioning the origin of and placing the practice into context. / Denna uppsats undersöker den spådomspraktik så kallad inkubation i Antika Egypten under dess Grekisk-romerska period med ett särskilt fokus på den magiska och religiösa meningen med praktiken. Två primära helgedomar, nämligen Abydos och Deir el-Bahari, har undersökts med ett fokus på gudarna Bes och Osiris i den förra och Amenhotep samt Imhotep i den senare. Studien har främst undersökt kvarlevande epigrafik och den rituella och det kultiska elementet av platserna i relation till fysiskt utrymme som en föregångare för rituell inkubation. Dessutom har denna studie relaterat grekiska influenser på inkubation i Egypten som ett potentiellt ursprung men har även undersökt inhemsk egyptisk tradition både i frågan om dess härkomst och för att ställa praktiken i sin kontext.

This paper deals with Latin inscriptions from Egypt and Nubia apart from Alexandria and its closest surrounds. The analysis of the whole set of inscriptions is followed by synthesis of its results and comprehensive description of latin epigraphic tradition in Egypt. The graffiti are also put in the broader context of the history of Roman Egypt, Roman military presence in this province, places where these inscriptions occur most often, but also other circumstances. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Nous nous intéressons à l’évolution des rapports économiques entre la Rome républicaine et l’Égypte lagide et notamment à la commercialisation du blé égyptien au bénéfice de Rome. L’étude diachronique des échanges économiques entre les deux pays nous mène à nous confronter avec l’évolution de leurs rapports politiques réciproques. Nous poursuivons notre enquête pour le premier siècle d’Empire Romain. Nous nous attarderons sur l’étude de la gestion du blé égyptien au sein du système annonaire, sans pour autant négliger les acteurs « privés » du commerce du blé sous les Empereurs julio-claudiens. Nous articulerons notre recherche autour des trois axes principaux: les institutions, les acteurs et les structures du commerce du blé. / We will study the history of economic relationships between Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Egypt, focusing on Egyptian grain trade in western Mediterranean basin, especially in Rome and Puteoli. Our diachronic approach about economical exchanges between these two countries will retain attention on their reciprocal political relationships. We will continue our research during the first century of Roman Empire. We will interest to Egyptian grain administration by the annona and the imperial supply structures. We will bring interest also on private grain trade under Julio-Claudians emperors. We will develop our research on three fundamental items: the institutions, the actors and the structures of the grain trade.