yes / This paper offers a brief overview of innovative methods for road and rail traffic noise reduction between source and receiver. These include using new barrier designs, planting of trees, treatments of ground and road surfaces and greening of building façades and roofs using natural materials, like vegetation, soil and other substrates in combination with recycled materials and artificial elements. The abatements are assessed in terms of numerically predicted sound level reductions, perceptual effects and cost–benefit analysis. Useful reductions of noise from urban roads and tramways are predicted for 1-m-high urban noise barriers and these are increased by adding inter-lane barriers. A 3 m wide 0.3 m high lattice ground treatment, a carefully planted 15-m-wide tree belt and replacing 50 m of paved areas by grassland are predicted to give similar reductions. Tree belts are shown to be very cost-effective and combining tall barriers with a row of trees reduces the negative impact of wind. Green roofs may significantly reduce the noise at the quiet side of buildings.

Detta kandidatexamensarbete utforskar de ekonomiska fördelarna med installation av gröna tak i Järfälla kommun, med fokus på hur dessa kan bidra till en hållbar stadsutveckling. Studiens syfte är att utveckla en kvantitativ modell för att beräkna de ekonomiska besparingar som kan uppnås genom ett antal nyttor av gröna tak. Först analyseras de gröna taken och sedan vilka nyttor som är relevanta efter Järfällas förutsättningar. Slutligen begränsades modellen till tre nyttor, nämligen reducerad dagvattenhantering, förbättrad luftkvalitet, och koldioxidbindning. Dagvattenhantering blev ett fokusämne i rapporten. För att kvantifiera detta användes klimatologiska faktorer i vattenbalansekvationen för att uppskattade de gröna takens effekt på avrinning i Järfälla kommun, således minskar dagvattenavgifterna. De klimatologiska faktorerna består av temperatur, luftfuktighet, vindhastighet och solstrålning. Under arbetets gång visade det sig att den geografiska avgränsningen av modellen var en stor utmaning, men även en resurs. Efter framtagandet av modellen utfördes en fallstudie där modellen testades för ett grönt tak på Bas Barkarby.  Resultaten från analyserna visar att gröna tak erbjuder signifikanta fördelar genom att minska kostnader för infrastruktur samt genom att förbättra miljömässiga och sociala förhållanden i stadslandskapet. Slutsatserna pekar på att ytterligare stöd från kommunala beslutsfattare kan optimera utnyttjandet av takytor och främja en bredare acceptans och implementering av gröna taklösningar. / This bachelor's thesis explores the economic benefits of installing green roofs in Järfälla Municipality, focusing on how these can contribute to sustainable urban development. The purpose of the study is to develop a quantitative model to calculate the economic savings achievable through some benefits of green roofs in Järfälla. Firsty green roofs were analyzed to understand their benefits and which of them are relevant in Järfälla municipality, namely: Reduced stormwater runoff, reduced damage costs during 100-year rainfall, improved air quality and carbon sequestration. Stormwater management was chosen as a subject to further investigate. During the latter, climatological factors were used in a water balance model to estimate runoff reduction green roofs provided in Järfälla Municipality thus calculating the benefit they provide by decreasing stormwater fees. Climatological factors included daily temperature, humidity, wind current speed and solar radiation. During the course of the study the limitation of the model was shown to be both a challenge and an advantage. The finished model was then tested on a green roof on Bas Barkarby. The results from the analyses show that green roofs offer significant advantages by providing benefits to real estate owners and communities by enhancing environmental and social conditions in urban landscapes. The conclusions suggest that additional support from municipal policymakers can optimize the utilization of roof spaces and promote a wider acceptance and implementation of green roof solutions.

Denna rapport utreder användningen av prefabricerade takelement i byggbranschen med fokus på hur prefabricering påverkar produktionstid och kvalitet. Studien genomfördes i samarbete med Arcona AB med syfte att utforska deras projekt “Påsen - 1”, där en jämförelse av prefabricerade takelement mot traditionellt platsbyggda tak utfördes. Syftet är att utvärdera hur prefabricering påverkar effektivitet och kvalitet i byggprojekt. Genom litteraturstudier, projektdata och kvalitativa intervjuer undersöktes de potentiella fördelar och utmaningar. Resultaten visar att användningen av prefabricerade takelement ger en betydande tidsbesparing på nästan 60 % jämfört med platsbyggda tak. Undersökningen visar att snabbare montering, överlappande arbetsmoment, bättre arbetsflöde och även bättre kvalitet. Den kontrollerade fabriksmiljön säkerställer den förbättrade kvalitet genom noggranna tester och kontroller, vilket minskar risken för fel vid monteringen. Trots detta förblir hantverksskicklighet en avgörande faktor för slutkvaliteten i både prefabricerade och platsbyggda konstruktioner. Rapporten lyfter fram svårigheterna med att generalisera resultaten eftersom varje projekt har unika förutsättningar och komplexitet bakom sig. Allt från ekonomiska till logistiska överväganden spelar en avgörande roll vid beslutet om användningen av prefabricerade tak. Slutsatsen som rapporten lyfter fram är att prefabricerade takelement erbjuder omfattande fördelar inom produktionstid och kvalitet i tidigt skede innan montage jämfört med traditionellt byggt tak. Däremot krävs det vidare forskning för att förstå de långsiktiga effekterna och praktiska komplikationerna. / This report investigates the use of prefabricated roof elements in the construction industry with a focus on how prefabrication affects production time and quality. The study was carried out in collaboration with Arcona AB with the aim of exploring their project "Påsen - 1", where a comparison of prefabricated roof elements against traditionally site-built roofs was carried out. The purpose is to evaluate how prefabrication affects efficiency and quality in construction projects. Through literature studies, project data, and qualitative interviews, the potential benefits and challenges were studied. The results showed that the use of prefabricated roof elements provides a significant time saving of almost 60% compared to site-built roofs. The survey shows faster assembly, overlapping work steps, better workflow and also better quality. The controlled factory environment ensures improved quality through careful tests and checks, which reduces the risk of errors during assembly. Despite this, craftsmanship remains a critical factor in the final quality of both prefabricated and site-built structures. The report highlights the difficulties in generalizing the results because each project has unique conditions and complexity behind it. Everything from economic to logistical considerations plays a decisive role in the decision on the use of prefabricated roofs. The conclusion that the report highlights is that prefabricated roof elements offer advantages in production time and quality in the early stages before assembly compared to traditionally built roofs. However, further research is required to understand the long-term effects and practical complications.

ANNOTATION On the banks of the Střední Novomlýnská reservoir, in the cadastre of the municipality of Strachotín, the diploma thesis presents the overall design of a multifunctional complex, based on a sensitive connection between organic farming, well-breeding, and eco-tourism. The proposal shows the concept of farming in a "closed circle", with regard to the environment. The urban solution deals with the selected land with an area of 20 ha. The architectural part closely introduces the system of objects, creating a new landscape, perceived by both a human and bird's eye perspective. The layout solution analyzes in detail the functional arrangement of the farm, trying to meet all the requirements for efficient management while maintaining the organic regime and the coexistence of visitors and employees. The complex also offers a restaurant, multifunctional hall, conference rooms, classrooms, workshops, a gym, and exhibition areas. Accommodation is provided by a system of separate buildings, presenting the current possibilities of natural construction and environmentally friendly technologies to the guests, while maintaining the comfort of living. The farm is fully equipped for weddings or corporate events. The design and material solution use a maximum of natural materials in combination with current technologies. In addition to designing a viable multifunctional unit, the aim of the thesis is also to bring added value to the region, by holding annual cultural events and regular activities for children and seniors from the surrounding municipalities. At the same time, the work aims to create a sensitive counterpoint to current tourist destinations in the area.

The title of this thesis Extra Ordinary is intentionally ambiguous. Depending on how you read it, it can refer to either the very ordinary or to that which is outside of the ordinary.The works described within these pages functions similarly. From person to person and with time they move from the ordinary to beyond and back again. How can something be both mysterious and understood at the same time? How can I as a painter create a space where diametrically opposed forces can coexist and what is the effect of viewing such an object? This thesis addresses these issues with personal anecdote and through description of artwork and the art making process

As estruturas de membrana empregadas em coberturas são sistemas construtivos formados principalmente pela membrana estrutural, que ainda tem a função de vedar. As membranas estruturais são folhas flexíveis que resistem às ações externas devido à sua forma, às suas características físicas e ao seu pré tracionamento. O pré-tracionamento da membrana pode ser alcançado, ou através do seu estiramento por meio de cabos (estruturas de membrana protendida por cabos), ou através da atuação da pressão de gases (estruturas pneumáticas). Ambas estão sendo usadas em coberturas de centros esportivos, de áreas comerciais e de construções industriais ou agro-industriais. Todavia, as estruturas de membrana são pouco conhecidas, estudadas e empregadas no Brasil. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivos sistematizar o conhecimento científico existente sobre o tema e introduzi-lo no Brasil e, também, apontar caminhos para investigação científica sobre as estruturas de membrana no país. Apresenta o sistema construtivo, o processo de projetar e os métodos de análise das estruturas de membrana empregadas em coberturas. Sistematiza o projeto de estruturas de membrana, através de recomendações e de estudo de caso. Propõe um modelo de pesquisa integrado voltado para o desenvolvimento desta tecnologia no Brasil. Este deve auxiliar a coordenação e a compatibilização dos esforços de investigação científica nas diversas áreas do conhecimento envolvidas no desenvolvimento das estruturas de membrana / Membrane structures used in roofs are constructive systems formed mainly by structural membrane, which has also the function of sealing. Structural membranes are flexible sheets that resist to external loads due to their form, to their physical characteristics and to their pre-stressing. The pre-stressing of the membrane can be achieved either through its stretching using cables (surface-tensioned membranes) or through gases pressurization (pneumatic structures). These structures are being utilized in roofs over airports, stadiums, industrial facilities, shopping precincts and buildings for industrial or agricultural use, among others. However, membrane structures are not yet well known, studied and used here in Brazil. In this context, this work has as objectives to systematize the scientific knowledge existent on the theme, to introduce it in Brazil and, also, to point out ways for scientific investigation on membrane structures in this country. This research presents the constructive system, the design process and the analysis methods of membrane structures used in roofs. This work systematizes the membrane structural design, with recommendations and study of case. This work proposes an integrated model of research for this technology development in Brazil. This model should assist the coordination and the mutual appreciation of the scientific investigation efforts in the different knowledge areas involved in the membrane structure development

Le bâtiment est l'un des secteurs les plus consommateurs d'énergie et producteurs de CO2 au monde. Au Maroc, ce secteur représente actuellement 33% de la consommation totale d’énergie à l'échelle nationale. Le nouveau règlement thermique au Maroc vise à introduire des pratiques éco énergétiques dans ce secteur pour réduire ces consommations. En effet, dans la région méditerranéenne, l’architecture du bâtiment a un impact primordial sur sa performance énergétique et thermique. Par ailleurs, l’intégration des techniques passives et l’utilisation des matériaux locaux pourraient réduire considérablement la consommation d’énergie dans le secteur du bâtiment. C’est dans ce contexte que se situe cette thèse de doctorat dont l’objectif est d’évaluer la capacité de rafraîchissement de quelques techniques passives pour la protection solaire des toitures et de montrer l’importance de l’utilisation des matériaux naturels locaux dans le climat chaud et semi-aride de Marrakech. En effet, trois techniques passives de rafraîchissement de l'air dans les bâtiments sont testées dans des conditions climatiques réelles dans la ville de Marrakech. Les techniques passives, à savoir la peinture blanche, l'ombrage et l'isolation thermique, sont appliquées sur les toits de trois cellules test métalliques placées à l’extérieur. Les performances thermiques de ces techniques sont évaluées simultanément via un monitoring de 29 jours d’été de quatre cellules test identiques, dont une cellule test de référence à toit nu (sans traitement). Ces cellules test ne représentent pas des bâtiments réels là où nous pouvons mener une étude approfondie. Pour cela, nous avons construit un bâtiment réel qui représente une salle de classe dans le milieu rural du Sud marocain, et ceci en utilisant des matériaux naturels et en intégrant des techniques passives dans la toiture. Les performances thermiques et énergétiques des mêmes techniques sont évaluées par le biais des simulations thermiques dynamiques sur l’outil TRNSYS ainsi qu’une étude expérimentale. / The building is one of the most energy-consuming and CO2-producing sectors in the world. Nowadays, this sector accounts for 33% of total energy consumption in Morocco. The new thermal regulation in Morocco aims to introduce eco-energy practices in this sector to reduce this consumption. Indeed, in the Mediterranean region, building architecture has a major impact on its energy and thermal performance. In addition, the integration of passive techniques and the use of local materials could significantly reduce energy consumption in the building sector. In this context where this thesis is located and whose objective is to evaluate the cooling capacity of some passive techniques for the solar protection of roofs and to show the importance of the use of local natural materials in the hot and semi-arid climate of Marrakech. Indeed, three passive cooling techniques are tested in real conditions in the Marrakech region. Passive techniques, namely white paint, shading and thermal insulation, are applied to the roofs of three outside test cells. The thermal performances of these techniques are evaluated simultaneously via a 29-day summer monitoring of four identical test cells, including a bare roof reference test cell (without treatment). Small scale test cells do not represent real buildings where an in-depth study can be conducted. To remedy this, we built a single-zone building that represents a classroom in rural region in southern Morocco, using natural materials and incorporating passive techniques into the roof. The thermal and energetic performances of the same techniques are evaluated by means of dynamic thermal simulations on TRNSYS as well as an experimental study.

The building industry makes up a considerable fraction of world&amp / #8217 / s energy consumption. The adverse effects of a growing energy demand such as depletion in fossil fuel reserves and natural resources hassled the building industry to a search for new technologies that result in less energy consumption together with the maximum utilization of natural resources. Energy- and ecology-conscious European countries incorporated the well-being of occupants while conducting research on innovative technologies. In view of the fact that double-skin fa&ccedil / ades offer a healthy and comfortable milieu for the occupants and use natural resources hence consume less energy they became a promising invention for all concerns. The analysis of the performance of the double-skin fa&ccedil / ades and energy consumption is inconclusive at this time. However, based upon thermal performance analysis have been done so far, a double-skin fa&ccedil / ade perform better and provide some energy reduction, particularly on the heating side cycle, from a standard double glazed unit wall. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between double-skin fa&ccedil / ades and building management systems in intelligent office buildings as they relate to energy efficiency issues thus to find out whether or not the integration of these systems into intelligent buildings provides optimization in energy performance and comfort conditions. The building for the case study, which is an intelligent office building incorporating a double-skin fa&ccedil / ade was selected as one that promises high comfort conditions for the occupants with low energy consumption. The working principles of integrated fa&ccedil / ade systems, together with their advantages and disadvantages were investigated by means of the case study. It was concluded that due to their high initial costs, these systems offer no real advantages for today. However with the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels that is foreseen for the future, these systems would become an innovative solution in terms of energy conservation.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-06T17:55:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ABDON DA SILVA MEIRA FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2004..pdf: 13092575 bytes, checksum: fbe87f07c7fe72b916e1cf358d37041e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T17:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ABDON DA SILVA MEIRA FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2004..pdf: 13092575 bytes, checksum: fbe87f07c7fe72b916e1cf358d37041e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06 / A captação de água de chuva para o consumo humano por meio de telhados é uma prática crescente, sobretudo em regiões desprovidas de sistemas de abastecimento coletivo, como grande parte do Semi-Árido Brasileiro. Os sistemas de captação de água instalados nessa região se baseiam na construção de cisternas para acumular água captada por meio de telhados. A fim de contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho desses sistemas, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os problemas que impedem o bom funcionamento desse importante meio de abastecimento de água e propor soluções projetuais, adotando tecnologia apropriada à população rural do Semi-Árido Brasileiro. Tomou-se como ponto de partida uma pesquisa de campo, realizada na comunidade rural de Paus Brancos, Município de Campina Grande-PB, entre os anos de 2002 e 2003. Os resultados mostraram que 80% das residências pesquisadas dispõem de sistema de captação de água mas que apenas 16% armazenam água suficiente para abastecimento durante todo o ano. Constatou-se que este baixo índice decorre, principalmente, das precárias condições de instalação e manutenção dos subsistemas de condução de água (calhas e dutos). A partir dessa constatação e considerando aspectos funcionais e estético-formais, foram desenvolvidas cinco alternativas de arranjos de sistemas de captação de água de chuva, compostos por telhados, calhas e dutos. Com vistas à simplificação e consequente redução de custos, foram eliminados os suportes das calhas, conferindo ganho de desempenho em relação aos sistemas convencionais. Para testar o desempenho das propostas, foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Construções Rurais e Ambiência/UFCG um protótipo funcional, em escala reduzida, cuja avaliação revelou que este apresentou excelente desempenho, com eficiência variando de 86% a 92%. / he rooftop rainwater catchment system for the human consumption is an increasing practice, especially in áreas without collective water supply, as in a larger part of the brazilian Semi-arid. The rainwater catchment systems installed in this area are based on construction of cisterns to accumulate water catched by means of roofs. In order to contribute for the improvement of the performance of those systems, this work had the objective of studying the problems that obstacle the good operation of that important way of water supply and to propose projectual solutions, adopting appropriate technology to the rural population of the brazilian Semi-arid. A field research was starting point, accomplished in the rural community of Paus Brancos, in the municipality of Campina Grande -PB, during the period from 2002 to 2003. The results showed that 80% of the researched residences have system of catchment water but only 16% store enough water for provisioning during the whole year. It was verified that this lower index is due, mainly, to the precarious installation conditions and maintenance of the subsystems of water transport (gutters and tubes). Considering this data and functional and aestheticformal aspects, five arrangement alternatives of rainwater catchment systems were developed, composed by roofs, gutters and tubes. Looking for simplification and consequent reduction of costs, the gutters supports of were eliminated, resulting earnings in the performance to comparing conventional systems. To test the performance of the proposed alternative was developed in the Laboratory of Ambience and Rural Construction - LACRA/UFCG a reduced scale functional prototype, whose evaluation revealed an excellent performance, with efficiency ranging from 86% to 92%.

CAPES / O estudo consiste em uma comparação da qualidade da água da chuva coletada em duas formas distintas de captação: um sistema composto por um telhado inclinado com telhas de concreto, nomeada (casa 1) e o outro composto por uma cobertura plana com telhado verde, ou seja, vegetado, nomeada (casa 2). Tem por objetivo caracterizar os sistemas utilizados nas duas formas de cobertura, analisar a qualidade da água da chuva captada nos dois sistemas e fazer o acompanhamento da qualidade da água armazenada para posterior uso ao longo do estudo com o intuito de verificar a eficiência e comportamento dos sistemas de captação. Objetiva ainda encontrar relações nas variáveis envolvidas e apresentar os resultados de forma a estabelecer uma comparação qualitativa no desempenho das duas coberturas. O estudo foi realizado em duas casas localizadas na região noroeste da cidade de Curitiba, capital do Paraná. Na casa 1, com telhas de concreto, a água da chuva que escoa pelo telhado é primeiramente coletada por uma calha, seguindo por um duto vertical até o nível do solo, no qual se encontra um filtro simples, então a água é encaminhada para uma cisterna, onde é armazenada, para posterior uso na torneira externa para onde a água é bombeada. Já na casa 2, com cobertura plana vegetada, a água da chuva após passar pelo telhado verde é conduzida por dutos verticais até a cisterna de concreto no nível do solo, então uma eletrobomba recalca a água até um reservatório localizado na cobertura, acima do nível do telhado verde, para armazenamento e posterior uso na torneira externa. As amostras coletadas em nove eventos (17/05/2013 a 03/12/2013) foram analisadas quanto à: pH, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura, que foram medidos no próprio local. Demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), amônia, nitrito, nitrato e fosfato foram amostrados e analisados no laboratório de Saneamento da UTFPR, Campus Ecoville. Ainda quanto à presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (E. Coli), foram realizados em um laboratório terceirizado. Observou-se que o telhado convencional da casa 1 apresentou maior qualidade no parâmetro turbidez e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), já o telhado verde diminuiu a acidez natural da água da chuva. As duas coberturas se mostraram eficientes pela concentração de amônia e nitrato, contudo indicaram concentrações elevadas de fosfato. Nos parâmetros microbiológicos os dois telhados não obtiveram qualidade suficiente para atender a NBR 15.527/2007. Desta forma, tomadas as devidas precauções, se recomenda o uso da água proveniente dos telhados, vegetados e convencional, para descargas de bacias sanitárias, irrigação de gramados e plantas ornamentais, lavagem de veículos, limpeza de calçadas e ruas, limpeza de pátios, espelhos d'água e usos industriais, conforme estabelecido na norma. / The study consists of a comparison of the quality of rainwater collected in two distinct ways of catchments: a system composed of a pitched roof with concrete tiles and another consisted of a vegetated flat coverage, as known as green roof. It aims to characterize the systems used in both forms of coverage, to analyze the quality of rainwater captured in the two systems and to monitor the quality of water stored for later use throughout the study in order to verify the efficiency and performance of catchment systems. It also aims to find relations in the involved variables and to present the results in order to establish a qualitative comparison in the performance of two coverages. The study was conducted in two houses located in the northwest region of the city of Curitiba, capital of Paraná. The appointee, house 1, has a pitched roof with concrete tiles, the rainwater that seeps through the roof is first collected by a trough, followed by a vertical duct to the ground level, with a simple filter, then the water is sent into a tank where it is stored for later use in the external faucet where the water is pumped. However, at house 2, with vegetated flat roof, after passing through the green roof the rainwater is driven by vertical ducts to the concrete tank at ground level, then an electric pump represses the water to a reservoir located on the roof, above the green roof ́s level for storage and later use on the external tap. Samples collected in nine events (17/05/2013 to 03/12/2013) were analyzed for pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and temperature, they were measured in situ. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were sampled and analyzed in the laboratory of Sanitation UTFPR Campus Ecoville. Nevertheless, for the presence of total and fecal coliforms (E. coli), tests were performed on an outsourced laboratory. As for the results obtained, the conventional roof house 1 rainwater had higher quality in turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameter, whereas in house 2 the green roof reduced the natural acidity of rainwater. The two covers were effective in the concentration of ammonia and nitrate, though indicated high concentrations of phosphate. Microbiological parameters in neither roofs met the NBR 15.527/2007 quality. Thus, taken due precautions, it is recommend the use of water from roofs, vegetated and conventional, to flush toilets, to irrigate lawns and ornamental plants, to wash vehicles, to clean sidewalks and streets, to clean patios, water mirrors and to industrial uses, as defined in the standards.